Features coming down the pipe will want to be able to:
* Refer to enrollments before they are actually activated (approval step).
* See what courses a user used to be enrolled in for when they re-enroll in
  the same course, or a different run of that course.
* Have different "modes" of enrolling in a course, representing things like
  honor certificate enrollment, auditing (no certs), etc.

This change adds an is_active flag and mode (with default being "honor").
The commit is only as large as it is because many parts of the codebase were
manipulating enrollments by adding and removing CourseEnrollment objects
directly. It was necessary to create classmethods on CourseEnrollment to
encapsulate this functionality and then port everything over to using them.

The migration to add columns has been tested on a prod replica, and seems to be
fine for running on a live system with single digit millions of rows of
enrollments.

add fixes for 500 bugs (lighthouse 287 and 293) by requiring login for accessing licenses and inline discussions.  Add unit tests for licenses, and rearrange tests based off of (the former) PageLoad.  Also cleanups for pylint and pep8.

This reverts commit e7450874.

- this may not be a good idea, but needed for testing cohorts for now...

Use one of our test courses when testing course permissions for the discussion client, because we now have course policy level overrides.