Refactor get_parent_locations STUD-1663

[LMS-2757]

This commit updates lms/djangoapps/courseware.

These keys are now objects with a limited interface, and the particular
internal representation is managed by the data storage layer (the
modulestore).

For the LMS, there should be no outward-facing changes to the system.
The keys are, for now, a change to internal representation only. For
Studio, the new serialized form of the keys is used in urls, to allow
for further migration in the future.

Co-Author: Andy Armstrong <andya@edx.org>
Co-Author: Christina Roberts <christina@edx.org>
Co-Author: David Baumgold <db@edx.org>
Co-Author: Diana Huang <dkh@edx.org>
Co-Author: Don Mitchell <dmitchell@edx.org>
Co-Author: Julia Hansbrough <julia@edx.org>
Co-Author: Nimisha Asthagiri <nasthagiri@edx.org>
Co-Author: Sarina Canelake <sarina@edx.org>

[LMS-2370]

Fixes: AN-657

[LMS-179]
[LMS-209]
[LMS-1345]

XModules continue to use their own interface for xml, but provide an
adaptor that makes the the XBlock interface available.

[LMS-179]

For seeing overview of system status, for deleting and loading
courses, for seeing log of git imports of courseware.  Includes command
for importing course XML from git repositories.

Added a lot of tests for additional coverage with some minor fixes
those tests discovered

Move mitxmako initialization to a startup module, called by lms.startup and cms.startup for both management commands and when run via wsgi

[DEVPAIN-7]