Resolves an issue preventing students in self-paced courses from seeing all available discussion modules. ECOM-3733.

ECOM-2806

add doc strings; fix pep8 warning
address some minor issues brought up by the code review process

Original Commit Messages:

use edx's own get_parent method, rather than our own.

add field to unique constraint to avoid MultipleObjectsReturned in case of multiple browser clicks on submit

fix 0011 migration, inherit from TimeStampedField and add composite index (migration only)

fix bug where adding an already registered user to a ccx would cause a crash due to an undefined variable

add assertNumQueries tests to test modules where override field providers are used

remove unnecessary teardown

implement recommended style for checking empty list

import utility methods rather than use duplicate code

added comment explaining date conversion to string for json

add logging for invalid users or emails when enrolling students

add comment about xmodule user state

avoid using get_or_create, which seems to be causing a race condition on schedule change save

relocate badly placed edvent handlers to fix multiple submit problem

Use client's session to set POC for test, now that we have the capability to do that.

Use a middleware to set the current POC one time per request, and avoid having to look up the stack for the current request in 'get_current_poc'.

Fetch all overrides for a block at one time.

Speed up the lineage computation by doing some caching.

Unused import.

Get field overrides once per user per block.

Streamline configuration.

Fix poc config tuples

individual students, and a reimplementation of the individual due date
feature.

This work introduces an architecture, used with the 'authored_data'
portion of LmsFieldData, which allows arbitrary field overrides to be
made for fields that are part of the course content or settings (Mongo
data).  The basic architecture is extensible by means of writing and
configuring arbitrary field override providers.

One concrete implementation of a field override provider is provided
which allows for overrides to be for individual students.  This provider
is then used as a basis for reimplementing the individual due date
extensions feature as a proof of concept for the design.

One can imagine writing override providers that provide overrides based
on a student's membership in a cohort or other similar idea.  This work
is being done, in fact, to pave the way for the Personal Online Courses
feature being developed by MIT, which will use an override provider very
much long those lines.