resolve merge

css/marketing-ie.css

+body {
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0; }
+
+.wrapper, .subpage, section.copyright, section.tos, section.privacy-policy, section.honor-code, header.announcement div, section.index-content, footer {
+  margin: 0;
+  overflow: hidden; }

fonts/Apache License Version 2.txt

+Apache License
+
+Version 2.0, January 2004
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
+
+"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
+
+"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:
+
+You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and
+
+You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
+
+If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License. You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.
+
+5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
\ No newline at end of file

js/cktsim.js

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 
 	    this.devices = [];  // list of devices
 	    this.device_map = new Array();  // map name -> device
+	    this.voltage_sources = [];  // list of voltage sources
 
 	    this.finalized = false;
 	    this.diddc = false;
@@ -104,10 +105,14 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 		var type = component[0];
 
 		// ignore wires, ground connections, scope probes and view info
-		if (type == 'view' || type == 'w' || type == 'g' || type == 's' || type == 'L') continue;
+		if (type == 'view' || type == 'w' || type == 'g' || type == 's' || type == 'L') {
+		    continue;
+		}
 
 		var properties = component[2];
 		var name = properties['name'];
+		if (name==undefined || name=='')
+		    name = '_' + properties['_json_'].toString();
 
 		// convert node names to circuit indicies
 		var connections = component[3];
@@ -134,11 +139,9 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 		else if (type == 'o') 	// op amp
 		    this.opamp(connections[0],connections[1],connections[2],properties['A'],name);
 		else if (type == 'n') 	// n fet
-		    this.n(connections[0],connections[1],connections[2],
-			   properties['W/L'],name);
+		    this.n(connections[0],connections[1],connections[2],properties['W/L'],name);
 		else if (type == 'p') 	// p fet
-		    this.p(connections[0],connections[1],connections[2],
-			   properties['W/L'],name);
+		    this.p(connections[0],connections[1],connections[2],properties['W/L'],name);
 	    }
 	}
 
@@ -214,10 +217,16 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 		this.diddc = true;
 		// create solution dictionary
 		var result = new Array();
+		// capture node voltages
 		for (var name in this.node_map) {
 		    var index = this.node_map[name];
 		    result[name] = (index == -1) ? 0 : this.solution[index];
 		}
+		// capture branch currents from voltage sources
+		for (var i = this.voltage_sources.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+		    var v = this.voltage_sources[i];
+		    result['I('+v.name+')'] = this.solution[v.branch];
+		}
 		return result;
 	    }
 	}
@@ -457,6 +466,12 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 		var index = this.node_map[name];
 		result[name] = (index == -1) ? 0 : response[index];
 	    }
+	    // capture branch currents from voltage sources
+	    for (var i = this.voltage_sources.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+		var v = this.voltage_sources[i];
+		result['I('+v.name+')'] = response[v.branch];
+	    }
+
 	    result['time'] = response[this.N];
 	    return result;
 	}
@@ -537,6 +552,7 @@ cktsim = (function() {
         Circuit.prototype.add_device = function(d,name) {
 	    // Add device to list of devices and to device map
 	    this.devices.push(d);
+	    d.name = name;
 	    if (name) {
 		if (this.device_map[name] === undefined) 
 		    this.device_map[name] = d;
@@ -599,6 +615,7 @@ cktsim = (function() {
         Circuit.prototype.v = function(n1,n2,v,name) {
 	    var branch = this.node(undefined,T_CURRENT);
 	    var d = new VSource(n1,n2,branch,v);
+	    this.voltage_sources.push(d);
 	    return this.add_device(d, name);
 	}
 
@@ -1029,9 +1046,11 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 	// argument is a string describing the source's value (see comments for details)
-	// source types: dc,step,square,triangle,sin,pulse,pwl,pwlr
+	// source types: dc,step,square,triangle,sin,pulse,pwl,pwl_repeating
 
 	// returns an object with the following attributes:
+	//   fun -- name of source function
+	//   args -- list of argument values
 	//   value(t) -- compute source value at time t
 	//   inflection_point(t) -- compute time after t when a time point is needed
 	//   dc -- value at time 0
@@ -1071,32 +1090,35 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 	    // post-processing for constant sources
 	    // dc(v)
 	    if (src.fun == 'dc') {
-		var value = src.args[0];
-		if (value === undefined) value = 0;
-		src.value = function(t) { return value; }  // closure
+		var v = arg_value(src.args,0,0);
+		src.args = [v];
+		src.value = function(t) { return v; }  // closure
 	    }
 
 	    // post-processing for step sources
-	    // step(v_init,v_plateau,t_delay,t_rise,t_fall)
+	    // step(v_init,v_plateau,t_delay,t_rise)
 	    else if (src.fun == 'step') {
 		var v1 = arg_value(src.args,0,0);  // default init value: 0V
 		var v2 = arg_value(src.args,1,1);  // default plateau value: 1V
 		var td = Math.max(0,arg_value(src.args,2,0));  // time step starts
 		var tr = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,3,1e-9));  // default rise time: 1ns
+		src.args = [v1,v2,td,tr];  // remember any defaulted values
 		pwl_source(src,[td,v1,td+tr,v2],false);
 	    }
 
 	    // post-processing for square wave
-	    // square(v_init,v_plateau,t_period)
+	    // square(v_init,v_plateau,freq)
 	    else if (src.fun == 'square') {
 		var v1 = arg_value(src.args,0,0);  // default init value: 0V
 		var v2 = arg_value(src.args,1,1);  // default plateau value: 1V
-		var freq = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,2,1));  // default frequency: 1s
+		var freq = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,2,1));  // default frequency: 1Hz
+		src.args = [v1,v2,freq];  // remember any defaulted values
 
 		var per = freq == 0 ? Infinity : 1/freq;
 		var t_change = 0.01 * per;   // rise and fall time
 		var t_pw = 0.49 * per;  // half the cycle minus rise and fall time
-		pwl_source(src,[0,v1,t_change,v2,t_change+t_pw,v2,t_change+t_pw+t_change,v1,per,v1],true);
+		pwl_source(src,[0,v1,t_change,v2,t_change+t_pw,
+				v2,t_change+t_pw+t_change,v1,per,v1],true);
 	    }
 
 	    // post-processing for triangle
@@ -1105,6 +1127,7 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 		var v1 = arg_value(src.args,0,0);  // default init value: 0V
 		var v2 = arg_value(src.args,1,1);  // default plateau value: 1V
 		var freq = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,2,1));  // default frequency: 1s
+		src.args = [v1,v2,freq];  // remember any defaulted values
 
 		var per = freq == 0 ? Infinity : 1/freq;
 		pwl_source(src,[0,v1,per/2,v2,per,v1],true);
@@ -1112,8 +1135,8 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 
 	    // post-processing for pwl and pwlr sources
 	    // pwl[r](t1,v1,t2,v2,...)
-	    else if (src.fun == 'pwl' || src.fun == 'pwlr') {
-		pwl_source(src,src.args,src.fun == 'pwlr');
+	    else if (src.fun == 'pwl' || src.fun == 'pwl_repeating') {
+		pwl_source(src,src.args,src.fun == 'pwl_repeating');
 	    }
 
 	    // post-processing for pulsed sources
@@ -1122,18 +1145,18 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 		var v1 = arg_value(src.args,0,0);  // default init value: 0V
 		var v2 = arg_value(src.args,1,1);  // default plateau value: 1V
 		var td = Math.max(0,arg_value(src.args,2,0));  // time pulse starts
-
 		var tr = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,3,1e-9));  // default rise time: 1ns
 		var tf = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,4,1e-9));  // default rise time: 1ns
 		var pw = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,5,1e9));  // default pulse width: "infinite"
 		var per = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,6,1e9));  // default period: "infinite"
+		src.args = [v1,v2,td,tr,tf,pw,per];
 
 		var t1 = td;       // time when v1 -> v2 transition starts
 		var t2 = t1 + tr;  // time when v1 -> v2 transition ends
 		var t3 = t2 + pw;  // time when v2 -> v1 transition starts
 		var t4 = t3 + tf;  // time when v2 -> v1 transition ends
 
-		pwl_source(src,[t1,v1,t2,v2,t3,v2,t4,v1,per,v1],true);
+		pwl_source(src,[t1,v1, t2,v2, t3,v2, t4,v1, per,v1],true);
 	    }
 
 	    // post-processing for sinusoidal sources
@@ -1144,16 +1167,14 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 		var freq = Math.abs(arg_value(src.args,2,1));  // default frequency: 1Hz
 		var td = Math.max(0,arg_value(src.args,3,0));  // default time delay: 0sec
 		var phase = arg_value(src.args,4,0);  // default phase offset: 0 degrees
+		src.args = [voffset,va,freq,td,phase];
 
 		phase /= 360.0;
 
 		// return value of source at time t
 		src.value = function(t) {  // closure
 		    if (t < td) return voffset + va*Math.sin(2*Math.PI*phase);
-		    else {
-			var val = voffset + va*Math.sin(2*Math.PI*(freq*(t - td) + phase));
-			return val;
-		    }
+		    else return voffset + va*Math.sin(2*Math.PI*(freq*(t - td) + phase));
 		}
 
 		// return time of next inflection point after time t
@@ -1163,9 +1184,6 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 		}
 	    }
 	
-	    // to do:
-	    // post-processing for piece-wise linear sources
-
 	    // object has all the necessary info to compute the source value and inflection points
 	    src.dc = src.value(0);   // DC value is value at time 0
 	    return src;
@@ -1531,6 +1549,7 @@ cktsim = (function() {
 	var module = {
 	    'Circuit': Circuit,
 	    'parse_number': parse_number,
+	    'parse_source': parse_source,
 	}
 	return module;
     }());

subs

+../data/subs/
\ No newline at end of file

subs/-CWjfl0DKm8.srt.sjson

-{
-  "start": [], 
-  "end": [], 
-  "text": []
-}
\ No newline at end of file

subs/02jk2f2qWCc.srt.sjson

-{
-  "start": [], 
-  "end": [], 
-  "text": []
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subs/1Y0R0tI5NqE.srt.sjson

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subs/227NDapJIz0.srt.sjson

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subs/2deIoNhqDsg.srt.sjson

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-  "start": [
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-  "text": [
-    "SPEAKER 1: Before we begin the course, I wanted to cover a", 
-    "few administrative details.", 
-    "First of all, this course does have prerequisites.", 
-    "To do well in the course, you must have a advanced placement", 
-    "or AP-level understanding of electricity and", 
-    "magnetism in physics.", 
-    "And these are at the level of MIT 8.02 course, which you", 
-    "might check out on MIT OpenCourseWare.", 
-    "It's also useful for you to have a basic knowledge of", 
-    "solving simple differential equations.", 
-    "Now, they will cover how to solve some simple equations in", 
-    "this course.", 
-    "But if you come in with a knowledge of solving simple", 
-    "differential equations, that will be extremely helpful.", 
-    "There is a textbook for this course, it is \"Foundations of", 
-    "Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits\" by Agarwal and Lang.", 
-    "You can obtain a copy from Amazon if you like.", 
-    "The book is not required, but certainly useful.", 
-    "We will make available parts of the textbook in an", 
-    "electronic form on our course site as well.", 
-    "I want to draw special attention to some of the", 
-    "underlined readings from this book in your course at a", 
-    "glance handout.", 
-    "This handout tells you what is going to happen", 
-    "weekly in this course.", 
-    "It also tells you week by week what are the readings that we", 
-    "recommend that you do.", 
-    "We really recommend that you at least skim through the", 
-    "material that is assigned as reading.", 
-    "Now, the underlying readings are particularly important, as", 
-    "they stress intuition in how you solve circuits and", 
-    "electronics problems.", 
-    "Now in addition to the various forms of 6.002x material that", 
-    "we will share with you, such as video lectures, interactive", 
-    "exercises, and so on, that we will have several forms of", 
-    "assessment.", 
-    "We will give you weekly homeworks and laboratories.", 
-    "These homeworks and laboratories must be completed", 
-    "by the deadline indicated on the assignment, and we will", 
-    "assign both homeworks and labs each week.", 
-    "Now the video lectures and the exercises and so on are for", 
-    "you to learn the material.", 
-    "Your performance in the course will be assessed", 
-    "using several methods.", 
-    "One is, you will be assessed on homeworks, and those will", 
-    "count for 15% of your grade.", 
-    "And we will have about 10 homeworks.", 
-    "There will be laboratories, again around 10 laboratories,", 
-    "and they also count for 15% of your grade.", 
-    "There will be a mid-term, which will count for 30%, and", 
-    "a final, which will count for 40%.", 
-    "Now, we will give you instructions on how to do the", 
-    "midterm and the final in the course bulletin board that you", 
-    "should be watching constantly.", 
-    "We urge you to collaborate, if you have other friends taking", 
-    "the course, on your lecture videos and on the", 
-    "exercises and so on.", 
-    "And you are also free to, and encouraged to, collaborate in", 
-    "discussing high-level concepts and materials in this course.", 
-    "However, the assessed materials, such as homeworks,", 
-    "labs, midterms and final exams, must be", 
-    "done on your own."
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file

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-  "text": [
-    "SPEAKER 1: 6.002x is an extraordinarily fun course.", 
-    "This course is the first course in an EE or an EECS", 
-    "curriculum at MIT.", 
-    "This course will help you make the big jump", 
-    "from physics to EECS.", 
-    "You will learn, what, all kinds of fun", 
-    "things in this course.", 
-    "So, for example, you will learn what's behind this.", 
-    "What's behind the iPhone.", 
-    "What are some of the foundational technologies and", 
-    "cool ideas that drive this and many other fun", 
-    "things in our lives?", 
-    "Very useful things in our lives as well, that have", 
-    "really been able to improve the productivity of all of", 
-    "humankind over the past many, many decades.", 
-    "This course also forms the foundations of", 
-    "devices like this.", 
-    "This is a chip photo of Intel's 22", 
-    "nanometer multicore processor.", 
-    "And you will learn about some basic technologies that are", 
-    "used in building devices such as this as well."
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file

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subs/8y_nQ3_MIzI.srt.sjson

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subs/9hfDCIJtT-4.srt.sjson

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subs/B-xRpQwZsYc.srt.sjson

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\ No newline at end of file

subs/BGU1poJDgOY.srt.sjson

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\ No newline at end of file

subs/BX-ke_sOmJE.srt.sjson

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\ No newline at end of file

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-  "text": [
-    "SPEAKER 1: OK, so this is case the V-I relationship is V", 
-    "equals capital V. In this is it's a constant and so the", 
-    "relationship is given by this where V is a constant at", 
-    "capital V volts in respect to the current that is flowing", 
-    "through the element.", 
-    "So here are examples of a couple of elements and their", 
-    "I-V relation."
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file

subs/CcgAYu0n0bg.srt.sjson

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-  "text": [
-    "PROFESSOR: In the previous segment, we looked at the", 
-    "Thevenin method, which applied to linear circuits.", 
-    "And in that method, I could take an arbitrary network, n,", 
-    "containing a whole bunch of sources and resistors where", 
-    "the current sources are voltage sources.", 
-    "And I could replace that with its Thevenin equivalent, where", 
-    "the Thevenin equivalent pattern was given by a voltage", 
-    "source VTH.", 
-    "in series with the resistance RTH.", 
-    "Now one of the things that I want you to think about in", 
-    "circuits is that whenever you have circuits containing", 
-    "voltages and properties involving voltages, you can", 
-    "immediately think of complimentary properties", 
-    "involving current sources.", 
-    "So much as I was able to replace an arbitrary network n", 
-    "with its Thevenin equivalent, you can think about replacing", 
-    "the arbitrary network n with some pattern involving a", 
-    "current source.", 
-    "And indeed, that method where you replace an arbitrary", 
-    "network with a pattern involving a current source is", 
-    "called the Norton method.", 
-    "So in the Norton method, what we do is we are able to", 
-    "replace an arbitrary network n with its Norton equivalent,", 
-    "where the Norton equivalent contains the current source IN", 
-    "in parallel with the resistance RTH.", 
-    "The current source in parallel with RTH is a Norton pattern,", 
-    "and you should contrast it with the corresponding", 
-    "Thevenin pattern.", 
-    "So a voltage source in series with a resistor is a Thevenin", 
-    "pattern, and a current source in parallel with the", 
-    "resistance is the Norton pattern.", 
-    "So in the case of the Norton pattern, which contains the", 
-    "current source IN and the Norton resistance RN, in the", 
-    "same manner that you defined the Thevenin equivalent, we", 
-    "can derive the Norton equivalent.", 
-    "So to obtain the current IN, what you do is you obtain the", 
-    "short circuit current seen at the port.", 
-    "So recall for the Thevenin method, I open-circuited the", 
-    "port here, and measured the voltage, and that was my VTH.", 
-    "So the Norton method, what I do is I short circuit this", 
-    "port and measure the current I. That current is IN, or the", 
-    "Norton current.", 
-    "And then I can get a Norton resistance RN--", 
-    "oh, I should say RN here-- the Norton resistance RN, which,", 
-    "incidentally, is identical to the Thevenin resistance RTH.", 
-    "I can get that in the same manner as I got RTH, which is", 
-    "I shut off all the independent voltage sources and current", 
-    "sources and simply take the resistance measure at the", 
-    "port, of course, without the short.", 
-    "I go ahead and measure the resistance seen at the port", 
-    "with all the voltages and currents turned off.", 
-    "OK?", 
-    "That would be my Norton resistance, RN.", 
-    "So again, we stated this pattern, a current source IN", 
-    "parallel to a Norton resistance RN, where this", 
-    "corresponds to the Thevenin equivalent, where I have VTH", 
-    "and RTH in series.", 
-    "So the Norton is the dual of the Thevenin.", 
-    "OK?", 
-    "Where the Thevenin is the voltage in series with the", 
-    "resistance, and its dual is the Norton equivalent, which", 
-    "is the current source in parallel with resistance.", 
-    "An immediate question that comes to mind is how are the", 
-    "Thevenin and Norton equivalents", 
-    "related to each other?", 
-    "After all, they are the duals of one another.", 
-    "And so notice the Thevenin equivalent on the left-hand", 
-    "side and the Norton equivalent on the right-hand side.", 
-    "The resistances RTH and the Norton", 
-    "resistance RN are equal.", 
-    "And then we can also relate the Norton current IN and the", 
-    "Thevenin voltage as follows.", 
-    "IN is VTH divided by RTH.", 
-    "And so if you take the Thevenin voltage and divide", 
-    "that by the Thevenin resistance, you get the Norton", 
-    "current, IN.", 
-    "So this very quickly shows you how you can go from the Norton", 
-    "to the Thevenin.", 
-    "One question I am often asked is when do I use the Thevenin", 
-    "method and when do I use the Norton method?", 
-    "Well, you know, that comes from experience.", 
-    "Like you look at circuits in one of our earlier examples", 
-    "where the external network contained a voltage source in", 
-    "series with a resistance, it made sense to take the rest of", 
-    "the network and turn that into Thevenin equivalent.", 
-    "However, if I have a basic circuit containing a current", 
-    "source and a resistance in parallel, then it might be", 
-    "easier to take my external network and convert that into", 
-    "a Norton equivalent.", 
-    "So, really, when you want to get things in", 
-    "parallel, think Norton.", 
-    "When you want to get things in series to simplify analysis,", 
-    "think Thevenin."
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file

subs/EWD-sNLs2Xw.srt.sjson

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\ No newline at end of file

subs/FGx1I9LAIGs.srt.sjson

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