certificates: updating and abstracting HTML templates

lms/static/certificates/css/vendor/normalize.css

+/*! normalize.css v2.1.3 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */
+
+/* ==========================================================================
+   HTML5 display definitions
+   ========================================================================== */
+
+/**
+ * Correct `block` display not defined in IE 8/9.
+ */
+
+article,
+aside,
+details,
+figcaption,
+figure,
+footer,
+header,
+hgroup,
+main,
+nav,
+section,
+summary {
+    display: block;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9.
+ */
+
+audio,
+canvas,
+video {
+    display: inline-block;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls.
+ * Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices.
+ */
+
+audio:not([controls]) {
+    display: none;
+    height: 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9.
+ * Hide the `template` element in IE, Safari, and Firefox < 22.
+ */
+
+[hidden],
+template {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+/* ==========================================================================
+   Base
+   ========================================================================== */
+
+/**
+ * 1. Set default font family to sans-serif.
+ * 2. Prevent iOS text size adjust after orientation change, without disabling
+ *    user zoom.
+ */
+
+html {
+    font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */
+    -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
+    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove default margin.
+ */
+
+body {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+/* ==========================================================================
+   Links
+   ========================================================================== */
+
+/**
+ * Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10.
+ */
+
+a {
+    background: transparent;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address `outline` inconsistency between Chrome and other browsers.
+ */
+
+a:focus {
+    outline: thin dotted;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Improve readability when focused and also mouse hovered in all browsers.
+ */
+
+a:active,
+a:hover {
+    outline: 0;
+}
+
+/* ==========================================================================
+   Typography
+   ========================================================================== */
+
+/**
+ * Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article`
+ * contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome.
+ */
+
+h1 {
+    font-size: 2em;
+    margin: 0.67em 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address styling not present in IE 8/9, Safari 5, and Chrome.
+ */
+
+abbr[title] {
+    border-bottom: 1px dotted;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome.
+ */
+
+b,
+strong {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address styling not present in Safari 5 and Chrome.
+ */
+
+dfn {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address differences between Firefox and other browsers.
+ */
+
+hr {
+    -moz-box-sizing: content-box;
+    box-sizing: content-box;
+    height: 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address styling not present in IE 8/9.
+ */
+
+mark {
+    background: #ff0;
+    color: #000;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Correct font family set oddly in Safari 5 and Chrome.
+ */
+
+code,
+kbd,
+pre,
+samp {
+    font-family: monospace, serif;
+    font-size: 1em;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Improve readability of pre-formatted text in all browsers.
+ */
+
+pre {
+    white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set consistent quote types.
+ */
+
+q {
+    quotes: "\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers.
+ */
+
+small {
+    font-size: 80%;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers.
+ */
+
+sub,
+sup {
+    font-size: 75%;
+    line-height: 0;
+    position: relative;
+    vertical-align: baseline;
+}
+
+sup {
+    top: -0.5em;
+}
+
+sub {
+    bottom: -0.25em;
+}
+
+/* ==========================================================================
+   Embedded content
+   ========================================================================== */
+
+/**
+ * Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9.
+ */
+
+img {
+    border: 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Correct overflow displayed oddly in IE 9.
+ */
+
+svg:not(:root) {
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+/* ==========================================================================
+   Figures
+   ========================================================================== */
+
+/**
+ * Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari 5.
+ */
+
+figure {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+/* ==========================================================================
+   Forms
+   ========================================================================== */
+
+/**
+ * Define consistent border, margin, and padding.
+ */
+
+fieldset {
+    border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
+    margin: 0 2px;
+    padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9.
+ * 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets.
+ */
+
+legend {
+    border: 0; /* 1 */
+    padding: 0; /* 2 */
+}
+
+/**
+ * 1. Correct font family not being inherited in all browsers.
+ * 2. Correct font size not being inherited in all browsers.
+ * 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, and Chrome.
+ */
+
+button,
+input,
+select,
+textarea {
+    font-family: inherit; /* 1 */
+    font-size: 100%; /* 2 */
+    margin: 0; /* 3 */
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in
+ * the UA stylesheet.
+ */
+
+button,
+input {
+    line-height: normal;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`.
+ * All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values.
+ * Correct `button` style inheritance in Chrome, Safari 5+, and IE 8+.
+ * Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox 4+ and Opera.
+ */
+
+button,
+select {
+    text-transform: none;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio`
+ *    and `video` controls.
+ * 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS.
+ * 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type
+ *    `input` and others.
+ */
+
+button,
+html input[type="button"], /* 1 */
+input[type="reset"],
+input[type="submit"] {
+    -webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
+    cursor: pointer; /* 3 */
+}
+
+/**
+ * Re-set default cursor for disabled elements.
+ */
+
+button[disabled],
+html input[disabled] {
+    cursor: default;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9/10.
+ * 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9/10.
+ */
+
+input[type="checkbox"],
+input[type="radio"] {
+    box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
+    padding: 0; /* 2 */
+}
+
+/**
+ * 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari 5 and Chrome.
+ * 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari 5 and Chrome
+ *    (include `-moz` to future-proof).
+ */
+
+input[type="search"] {
+    -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
+    -moz-box-sizing: content-box;
+    -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */
+    box-sizing: content-box;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari 5 and Chrome
+ * on OS X.
+ */
+
+input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
+input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
+    -webkit-appearance: none;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+.
+ */
+
+button::-moz-focus-inner,
+input::-moz-focus-inner {
+    border: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 1. Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9.
+ * 2. Improve readability and alignment in all browsers.
+ */
+
+textarea {
+    overflow: auto; /* 1 */
+    vertical-align: top; /* 2 */
+}
+
+/* ==========================================================================
+   Tables
+   ========================================================================== */
+
+/**
+ * Remove most spacing between table cells.
+ */
+
+table {
+    border-collapse: collapse;
+    border-spacing: 0;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/_base.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Base
+// ====================
+
+// basic
+html, body {
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+html {
+  font-size: 62.5%;
+  overflow-y: scroll;
+}
+
+body {
+  @extend %t-copy-base;
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// base: layout
+[class^="wrapper-"] {
+  @extend %wrapper !optional;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+.sr, hr.divider {
+  @extend %ui-text-sr;
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// base: view
+.wrapper--view {
+  background: $bg-view;
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+[class^="content__"], [class^="content--"] {
+
+  a {
+    @extend %link-copy;
+  }
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// base: elements
+html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
+a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
+del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
+small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
+b, u, i, center,
+dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
+fieldset, form, label, legend,
+table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
+article, aside, canvas, details, figcaption, figure,
+footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section, summary,
+time, mark, audio, video {
+  @extend %t-weight1;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  border: 0;
+  outline: 0;
+  vertical-align: baseline;
+}
+
+
+abbr[title] {
+  border-bottom: none;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  cursor: help;
+}
+
+strong {
+  @extend %t-weight3;
+}
+
+//  reset: lists
+.list--actions, .list--docs, .list--steps, .list--controls, .list--fields, .list--help, .nav--wizard, .list--tips, .field--group {
+  @extend %ui-no-list;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/_shame.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Shame
+// ====================
+// shame file - used for any bad-form/orphaned scss that knowingly violate edX FED architecture/standards (http://csswizardry.com/2013/04/shame-css)

lms/static/certificates/sass/assets/_anims.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Animations
+// ====================
+
+// fade in
+@include keyframes(fadeIn) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0.0;
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    opacity: 0.5;
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 1.0;
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-fadeIn {
+  @include animation(fadeIn $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// fade in + up
+@include keyframes(fadeInUp) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateY($baseline-v);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-fadeIn {
+  @include animation(fadeInUp $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// fade in + down
+@include keyframes(fadeInDown) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateY(-($baseline-v));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-fadeInDown {
+  @include animation(fadeInDown $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// fade out
+@include keyframes(fadeOut) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 1.0;
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    opacity: 0.5;
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0.0;
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-fadeOut {
+  @include animation(fadeOut $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// slide in left
+@include keyframes(slideInLeft) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateX(-($anim-distance-offviewport));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    transform: translateX(0);
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-slideInLeft {
+  @include animation(slideInLeft $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// slide in right
+@include keyframes(slideInRight) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateX($anim-distance-offviewport);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    transform: translateX(0);
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-slideInRight {
+  @include animation(slideInRight $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// slide in down
+@include keyframes(slideInDown) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateY(-($anim-distance-offviewport));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-slideInDown {
+  @include animation(slideInDown $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// slide in up
+@include keyframes(slideInUp) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateY($anim-distance-offviewport);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-slideInUp {
+  @include animation(slideInUp $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// slide out left
+@include keyframes(slideOutLeft) {
+  0% {
+    transform: translateX(0);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateX(-($anim-distance-offviewport));
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-slideOutLeft {
+  @include animation(slideOutLeft $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// slide out right
+@include keyframes(slideOutRight) {
+  0% {
+      transform: translateX(0);
+    }
+
+    100% {
+      opacity: 0;
+      transform: translateX($anim-distance-offviewport);
+    }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-slideOutRight {
+  @include animation(slideOutRight $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// slide out up
+@include keyframes(slideOutUp) {
+  0% {
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0;
+    transform: translateY(-($anim-distance-offviewport));
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-slideOutUp {
+  @include animation(slideOutUp $tmg-f2 linear 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// rotate up
+@include keyframes(rotateUp) {
+  0% {
+    @include transform(rotate(0deg));
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    @include transform(rotate(-90deg));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    @include transform(rotate(-180deg));
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-rotateUp {
+  @include animation(rotateUp $tmg-f2 ease-in-out 1);
+}
+
+
+// rotate down
+@include keyframes(rotateDown) {
+  0% {
+    @include transform(rotate(0deg));
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    @include transform(rotate(90deg));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    @include transform(rotate(180deg));
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-rotateDown {
+  @include animation(rotateDown $tmg-f2 ease-in-out 1);
+}
+
+
+// rotate clockwise
+@include keyframes(rotateCW) {
+  0% {
+    @include transform(rotate(0deg));
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    @include transform(rotate(180deg));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    @include transform(rotate(360deg));
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-rotateCW {
+  @include animation(rotateCW $tmg-s1 linear infinite);
+}
+
+
+// rotate counter-clockwise
+@include keyframes(rotateCCW) {
+  0% {
+    @include transform(rotate(0deg));
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    @include transform(rotate(-180deg));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    @include transform(rotate(-360deg));
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-rotateCCW {
+  @include animation(rotateCCW $tmg-s1 linear infinite);
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// bounce in
+@include keyframes(bounceIn) {
+  0% {
+    opacity: 0.0;
+    @include transform(scale(0.3));
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    opacity: 1.0;
+    @include transform(scale(1.05));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    @include transform(scale(1));
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-bounceIn {
+  @include animation(bounceIn $tmg-f1 ease-in-out 1);
+}
+
+
+// bounce out
+@include keyframes(bounceOut) {
+  0% {
+    @include transform(scale(1));
+  }
+
+  50% {
+    opacity: 1.0;
+    @include transform(scale(1.05));
+  }
+
+  100% {
+    opacity: 0.0;
+    @include transform(scale(0.3));
+  }
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-bounceOut {
+  @include animation(bounceOut $tmg-f1 ease-in-out 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// flash
+@include keyframes(flash) {
+  0%, 50%, 100% {opacity: 1.0;}
+  25%, 75% {opacity: 0;}
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-flash {
+  @include animation(flash $tmg-f1 ease-in-out 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// shake
+@include keyframes(shake) {
+  0%, 100% {transform: translateX(0);}
+  10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% {transform: translateX(-($baseline-h/2));}
+  20%, 40%, 60%, 80% {transform: translateX(($baseline-h/2));}
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-shake {
+  @include animation(shake $tmg-f1 ease-in-out 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// bounce
+@include keyframes(bounce) {
+  0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 100% {transform: translateY(0);}
+  40% {transform: translateY(($baseline-v*1.5));}
+  60% {transform: translateY(($baseline-v*0.75));}
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-shake {
+  @include animation(shake $tmg-f1 ease-in-out 1);
+}
+
+
+// ====================
+
+
+// bounce
+@include keyframes(bounce) {
+  0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 100% {transform: translateY(0);}
+  40% {transform: translateY(($baseline-v*1.5));}
+  60% {transform: translateY(($baseline-v*0.75));}
+}
+
+// canned animation - use if you want out of the box/non-customized anim
+%anim-shake {
+  @include animation(shake $tmg-f1 ease-in-out 1);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/assets/_fonts.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Fonts
+// ====================
+// import from google fonts - Open Sans
+// (http://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Open+Sans)
+@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,300,600,700);

lms/static/certificates/sass/assets/_graphics.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Graphics
+// ====================
+// sprites, background images, decorative elements are placed/defined here
+
+

lms/static/certificates/sass/contexts/_ie.scss

+// edX: Certificates - IE-specific styling
+// ====================
+
+// less than IE10
+.lt-ie10 {
+
+}
+
+// less than IE9
+.lt-ie9 {
+
+}
+
+// less than IE8
+.lt-ie8 {
+
+}
+
+// less than IE7
+.lt-ie7 {
+
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/contexts/_print.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Print-centric styling
+// ====================
+
+// print - general
+@include media(print) {
+
+}
+
+// print - portrait
+@include media(print orientation portrait) {
+
+}
+
+// print - landscape
+@include media(print orientation landscape) {
+
+}
+
+// print - color
+@include media(print color) {
+
+}
+
+// print - monochrome
+@include media(print monochrome) {
+
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/elements/_controls.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Controls
+// ====================
+
+// archetype: buttons
+%btn {
+  @include box-sizing(border-box);
+  @include transition(color 0.25s ease-in-out, background 0.25s ease-in-out, box-shadow 0.25s ease-in-out);
+  display: inline-block;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-decoration: none;
+
+  &:hover, &:active, &:focus {
+    text-decoration: none;
+  }
+
+  &.disabled, &[disabled] {
+    cursor: default;
+    pointer-events: none;
+  }
+}
+
+%btn-pill {
+  @extend %btn;
+  border-radius: $baseline-v/5;
+}
+
+%btn-rounded {
+  @extend %btn;
+  border-radius: ($baseline-v/2);
+}
+
+%btn-edged {
+  @extend %btn;
+  border-radius: ($baseline-v/10);
+}
+
+// primary button
+%btn-primary {
+  @extend %btn-edged;
+  @extend %t-weight3;
+  padding: ($baseline-v/2) ($baseline-h);
+  background: $bg-action-primary;
+  border-color: $bordercolor-action-primary;
+  color: $color-action-primary;
+
+
+  &:hover, &:active, &:focus {
+    background: $bg-action-primary-focus;
+    border-color: $bordercolor-action-primary-focus;
+    color: $color-action-primary-focus
+  }
+
+  &.current, &.active {
+
+    &:hover, &:active, &:focus {
+
+    }
+  }
+
+  &.disabled, &.is-disabled, &[disabled] {
+    opacity: 0.5;
+  }
+}
+
+// primary button
+%btn-secondary {
+  @extend %btn-edged;
+  @extend %t-weight3;
+  padding: ($baseline-v/2) ($baseline-h);
+  background: $bg-action-secondary;
+  border-color: $bordercolor-action-secondary;
+  color: $color-action-secondary;
+
+
+  &:hover, &:active, &:focus {
+    background: $bg-action-secondary-focus;
+    border-color: $bordercolor-action-secondary-focus;
+    color: $color-action-secondary-focus
+  }
+
+  &.current, &.active {
+
+    &:hover, &:active, &:focus {
+
+    }
+  }
+
+  &.disabled, &.is-disabled, &[disabled] {
+    opacity: 0.5;
+  }
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// links - subtle
+%link-subtle {
+  @include transition(color $tmg-f1 ease-in-out);
+  color: $color-link;
+  text-decoration: none;
+
+  &:hover, &:focus, &:active {
+    color: $color-link-focus;
+  }
+}
+
+// links - copy
+%link-copy {
+  @include transition(color $tmg-f1 ease-in-out, border $tmg-f1 ease-in-out);
+  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
+  color: $color-link;
+  text-decoration: none;
+
+  &:hover, &:focus, &:active {
+    color: $color-link-focus;
+    border-color: $color-link-focus;
+  }
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// archetype: modal/dialogue controls

lms/static/certificates/sass/elements/_footer.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Footer
+// ====================
+
+.wrapper--footer {
+  padding: 0 ($baseline-h*2);
+  background: $bg-footer-main;
+  color: $color-footer-main;
+
+  @include media($bp-ds) {
+    padding: 0 ($baseline-h);
+  }
+
+  @include media($bp-m) {
+    padding: 0 ($baseline-h);
+  }
+}
+
+.footer--app {
+  @include outer-container;
+  border-top: 2px solid $gray-l5;
+  margin-top: $baseline-v;
+  padding-top: $baseline-v;
+
+  a {
+    @extend %link-copy;
+  }
+
+  .copyright {
+    @extend %t-copy-sub1;
+    @include span-columns(4 of 12);
+
+    @include media($bp-dm) {
+      @include fill-parent;
+      margin-bottom: ($baseline-v);
+    }
+
+    @include media($bp-ds) {
+      @include fill-parent;
+      margin-bottom: ($baseline-v);
+    }
+
+    @include media($bp-m) {
+      @include fill-parent;
+      margin-bottom: ($baseline-v);
+    }
+  }
+
+  .nav--footer {
+    @include span-columns(8 of 12);
+    @include omega();
+    text-align: right;
+
+    @include media($bp-dm) {
+      @include fill-parent;
+      text-align: left;
+    }
+
+    @include media($bp-ds) {
+      @include fill-parent;
+      text-align: left;
+    }
+
+    @include media($bp-m) {
+      @include fill-parent;
+      text-align: left;
+    }
+
+    .list {
+      display: inline-block;
+      vertical-align: middle;
+      margin-right: ($baseline-h*2);
+
+      &:last-child {
+        margin-right: 0;
+      }
+
+      @include media($bp-dm) {
+        @include fill-parent;
+        margin: 0 0 $baseline-v 0;
+        text-align: left;
+      }
+
+      @include media($bp-ds) {
+        @include fill-parent;
+        margin: 0 0 $baseline-v 0;
+        text-align: left;
+      }
+
+      @include media($bp-m) {
+        @include fill-parent;
+        margin: 0 0 $baseline-v 0;
+        text-align: left;
+      }
+    }
+
+    .nav__item {
+      @extend %t-action5;
+      display: inline-block;
+      margin-right: ($baseline-h/2);
+
+      @include media($bp-dm) {
+        @include font-size(14);
+        @include lh(14);
+      }
+
+      @include media($bp-ds) {
+        @include font-size(14);
+        @include lh(14);
+        display: block;
+        margin: 0 0 ($baseline-v/4) 0;
+      }
+
+      @include media($bp-m) {
+        @include font-size(14);
+        @include lh(14);
+        display: block;
+        margin: 0 0 ($baseline-v/4) 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/elements/_header.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Header
+// ====================
+
+// grid/layout
+.wrapper--header {
+  @extend %ui-shadow-subtle-down;
+  margin-bottom: ($baseline-v*2);
+  padding: ($baseline-v) ($baseline-h*2);
+  background: $white-t;
+  color: $black;
+
+  @include media($bp-ds) {
+    padding: ($baseline-v) ($baseline-h);
+  }
+
+  @include media($bp-m) {
+    padding: ($baseline-v) ($baseline-h);
+  }
+}
+
+.header--app {
+  @include outer-container;
+}
+
+// masthead
+.title--logo {
+  text-align: center;
+
+  .logo {
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    margin-right: ($baseline-h);
+  }
+
+  .title--sub {
+    @extend %ui-text-sr;
+    @extend %t-title-5;
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    text-transform: uppercase;
+    letter-spacing: 0.1rem;
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/elements/_navigation.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Navigation
+// ====================
+
+// general
+%nav {
+
+  ol, ul {
+    @extend %no-list !optional;
+  }
+
+  .nav__item {
+
+    .action {
+
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// archetype: nav - horizontal
+%nav--inline {
+  @extend %nav  !optional;
+
+  .nav__item, .item {
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+
+    .action {
+
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// archetype: nav - vertical
+%nav--blocks {
+  @extend %nav  !optional;
+
+  .nav__item {
+    display: block;
+
+    .action {
+
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// archetype: nav - tabs
+%nav--tabs {
+  @extend %nav  !optional;
+
+  .nav__item {
+
+    .action {
+
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// archetype: nav - pagination
+%nav--pagination {
+  @extend %nav  !optional;
+
+  .nav__item {
+
+    .action {
+
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// archetype: nav - dropdown
+%nav--dropdown {
+  @extend %nav  !optional;
+
+  .nav__item {
+
+    .action {
+
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// application: secondary navigation
+%nav--secondary {
+
+  .nav__item {
+
+    .action {
+
+    }
+  }
+
+  &.horizontal {
+
+  }
+
+  &.vertical {
+
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/elements/_typography.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Typography
+// ====================
+
+// (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72)
+
+// ====================
+
+// misc
+%t-weight0 {
+  font-weight: 300;
+}
+
+%t-weight1 {
+  font-weight: 400;
+}
+
+%t-weight2 {
+  font-weight: 500;
+}
+
+%t-weight3 {
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+%t-weight4 {
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// headings/titles
+%t-title-1, %t-title-2, %t-title-3, %t-title-4, %t-title-5, %t-title-5, %t-title-6, %t-title-7, %t-title-8, %t-title-9 {
+  font-family: $f-sans-serif;
+}
+
+%t-title-0 {
+  @include font-size(72);
+  @include lh(72);
+}
+
+%t-title-1 {
+  @include font-size(60);
+  @include lh(60);
+}
+
+%t-title-2 {
+  @include font-size(48);
+  @include lh(48);
+}
+
+%t-title-3 {
+  @include font-size(36);
+  @include lh(36);
+}
+
+%t-title-4 {
+  @include font-size(24);
+  @include lh(24);
+}
+
+%t-title-5 {
+  @include font-size(20);
+  @include lh(20);
+}
+
+%t-title-6 {
+  @include font-size(18);
+  @include lh(18);
+}
+
+%t-title-7 {
+  @include font-size(16);
+  @include lh(16);
+}
+
+%t-title-8 {
+  @include font-size(14);
+  @include lh(14);
+}
+
+%t-title-9 {
+  @include font-size(12);
+  @include lh(12);
+}
+
+%t-title-10 {
+  @include font-size(10);
+  @include lh(10);
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// copy
+%t-copy {
+  font-family: $f-sans-serif;
+}
+
+%t-copy-base {
+  @extend %t-copy;
+  @include font-size(16);
+  @include lh(16);
+}
+
+%t-copy-lead1 {
+  @extend %t-copy;
+  @include font-size(18);
+  @include lh(18);
+}
+
+%t-copy-lead2 {
+  @extend %t-copy;
+  @include font-size(20);
+  @include lh(20);
+}
+
+%t-copy-lead3 {
+  @extend %t-copy;
+  @include font-size(24);
+  @include lh(24);
+}
+
+%t-copy-sub1 {
+  @extend %t-copy;
+  @include font-size(14);
+  @include lh(14);
+}
+
+%t-copy-sub2 {
+  @extend %t-copy;
+  @include font-size(12);
+  @include lh(12);
+}
+
+%t-copy-sub3 {
+  @extend %t-copy;
+  @include font-size(10);
+  @include lh(10);
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// code
+%t-code {
+  font-family: $f-monospace;
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// actions/labels
+%t-action1 {
+  @include font-size(24);
+  @include lh(24);
+}
+
+%t-action2 {
+  @include font-size(18);
+  @include lh(18);
+}
+
+%t-action3 {
+  @include font-size(16);
+  @include lh(16);
+}
+
+%t-action4 {
+  @include font-size(14);
+  @include lh(14);
+}
+
+%t-action5 {
+  @include font-size(12);
+  @include lh(12);
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// icons
+%t-icon {
+
+}
+
+%t-icon-s {
+  @extend %t-icon !optional;
+  @include font-size(12);
+}
+
+%t-icon-m {
+  @extend %t-icon !optional;
+  @include font-size(16);
+}
+
+%t-icon-l {
+  @extend %t-icon !optional;
+  @include font-size(24);
+}
+
+%t-icon-xl {
+  @extend %t-icon !optional;
+  @include font-size(36);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/style-application.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Style Compilation
+// ====================
+
+// BASE - libs and resets *do not edit*
+@import 'utilities/bourbon/bourbon';        // http://bourbon.io
+@import 'utilities/neat/neat';              // http://neat.bourbon.io
+
+
+// Utilities and Assets
+// ====================
+// BASE - utilities
+@import 'utilities/variables';              // settings/values/placeholders
+@import 'utilities/mixins';                 // re-usable utility and non-standalone rules
+
+// BASE - assets
+@import 'assets/fonts';                     // imported/used fonts
+@import 'assets/graphics';                  // sprites, basic img/figure/svg styling
+@import 'assets/anims';                     // css-based animations
+
+
+// General, Elements, and Views
+// ====================
+// BASE - foundation
+@import 'base';
+
+// BASE - elements
+@import 'elements/typography';              // font sizes/scale and applied/canned definitions
+@import 'elements/controls';                // buttons, link styles, sliders, etc.
+@import 'elements/navigation';              // all archetypes of navigation
+@import 'elements/header';                  // view/app headers
+@import 'elements/footer';                  // view/app footers
+
+// BASE - specific views/areas of app
+@import 'views/valid';                      // valid certificate/achievement view
+@import 'views/invalid';                    // invvalid certificate view
+@import 'views/validate';                   // DIY validation
+
+// BASE - contextual
+@import 'contexts/print';                   // basic print styling
+@import 'contexts/ie';                      // ie-specific styling
+
+// BASE - misc.
+@import 'shame';                            // shame file - used for any bad-form/orphaned scss

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/_mixins.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Mixins & Extends
+// ====================
+
+// utility - font sizing
+@mixin font-size($sizeValue: 16){
+  font-size: $sizeValue + px;
+  font-size: ($sizeValue/10) + rem;
+}
+
+// utility - line height
+@mixin lh($fontSize: auto){
+  line-height: ($fontSize*1.55) + px;
+  line-height: (($fontSize/10)*1.55) + rem;
+}
+
+
+// utility - nth-type style clearing
+%wipe-first-child {
+
+  &:first-child {
+    margin-top: 0;
+    margin-left: 0;
+    border: none;
+    padding-top: 0;
+    padding-left: 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// utility - nth-type style clearing
+%wipe-last-child {
+
+  &:last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+    margin-right: 0;
+    border: none;
+    padding-bottom: 0;
+    padding-right: 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+//  UI - wrapper elements
+%ui-wrapper {
+  @include clearfix();
+  @include box-sizing(border-box);
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// UI - lists
+%ui-no-list {
+  list-style: none;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  text-indent: 0;
+
+  li, dt, dd {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// UI - image-replacement hidden text
+%ui-text-hide {
+  text-indent: 200%;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+// UI - hidden elements for screenreaders
+%ui-text-sr {
+  border: 0;
+  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
+  height: 1px;
+  margin: -1px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  padding: 0;
+  position: absolute;
+  width: 1px;
+}
+
+// UI - text-wrapping
+%ui-text-wrap {
+  text-wrap: wrap;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;
+  word-wrap: break-word;
+}
+
+// UI - controls
+%ui-fake-link {
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+%ui-disabled {
+  pointer-events: none;
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// UI - depth levels
+%ui-depth0 { z-index: 0; }
+%ui-depth1 { z-index: 10; }
+%ui-depth2 { z-index: 100; }
+%ui-depth3 { z-index: 1000; }
+%ui-depth4 { z-index: 10000; }
+%ui-depth5 { z-index: 100000; }
+
+// ====================
+
+// UI - transitions
+%trans-size {
+  @include transition(width 0.25s ease-in-out, height 0.25s ease-in-out);
+}
+
+%trans-color {
+  @include transition(color 0.25s ease-in-out);
+}
+
+// ====================
+
+// UI - cosmetics - shadows
+%ui-shadow-up {
+  box-shadow: 0 -2px 2px 0 $shadow-d1;
+}
+
+%ui-shadow-down {
+  box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 $shadow-d1;
+}
+
+%ui-shadow-subtle-up {
+  box-shadow: 0 -2px 2px 0 $shadow-l1;
+}
+
+%ui-shadow-subtle-down {
+  box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 $shadow-l1;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/_variables.scss

+// edX: Certificates - Variables
+// ====================
+
+// units
+$baseline-v: 20px;                                                  // vertical baseline
+$baseline-h: 20px;                                                  // horizontal baseline
+
+// ====================
+
+// colors - basic
+$black: rgb(10,10,10);                                              // system black
+$black-t: rgb(0,0,0);
+$black-t0: rgba($black,0.125);
+$black-t1: rgba($black,0.25);
+$black-t2: rgba($black,0.50);
+$black-t3: rgba($black,0.75);
+
+$white: rgb(250,250,250);                                          // system white
+$white-t: rgb(255,255,255);
+$white-t0: rgba($white,0.125);
+$white-t1: rgba($white,0.25);
+$white-t2: rgba($white,0.50);
+$white-t3: rgba($white,0.75);
+
+$gray: rgb(53, 58, 61);
+$gray-l1: tint($gray,20%);
+$gray-l2: tint($gray,40%);
+$gray-l3: tint($gray,60%);
+$gray-l4: tint($gray,80%);
+$gray-l5: tint($gray,90%);
+$gray-l6: tint($gray,95%);
+$gray-d1: shade($gray,20%);
+$gray-d2: shade($gray,40%);
+$gray-d3: shade($gray,60%);
+$gray-d4: shade($gray,80%);
+$gray-d5: shade($gray,90%);
+$gray-d6: shade($gray,95%);
+$gray-t0: rgba($gray,0.125);
+$gray-t1: rgba($gray,0.25);
+$gray-t2: rgba($gray,0.50);
+$gray-t3: rgba($gray,0.75);
+
+// shadows
+$shadow: rgba($black-t,0.2);
+$shadow-l1: rgba($black-t,0.1);
+$shadow-l2: rgba($black-t,0.05);
+$shadow-d1: rgba($black-t,0.4);
+$shadow-d2: rgba($black-t,0.6);
+
+// colors - default
+$edx-blue: rgb(58, 162, 224);
+$edx-blue-l1: tint($edx-blue,20%);
+$edx-blue-l2: tint($edx-blue,40%);
+$edx-blue-l3: tint($edx-blue,60%);
+$edx-blue-l4: tint($edx-blue,80%);
+$edx-blue-l5: tint($edx-blue,90%);
+$edx-blue-d1: shade($edx-blue,20%);
+$edx-blue-d2: shade($edx-blue,40%);
+$edx-blue-d3: shade($edx-blue,60%);
+$edx-blue-d4: shade($edx-blue,80%);
+$edx-blue-d5: shade($edx-blue,90%);
+$edx-blue-s1: saturate($edx-blue,15%);
+$edx-blue-s2: saturate($edx-blue,30%);
+$edx-blue-s3: saturate($edx-blue,45%);
+$edx-blue-u1: desaturate($edx-blue,15%);
+$edx-blue-u2: desaturate($edx-blue,30%);
+$edx-blue-u3: desaturate($edx-blue,45%);
+$edx-blue-t0: rgba($edx-blue,0.125);
+$edx-blue-t1: rgba($edx-blue,0.25);
+$edx-blue-t2: rgba($edx-blue,0.50);
+$edx-blue-t3: rgba($edx-blue,0.75);
+
+$edx-pink: rgb(182,37,104);
+$edx-pink-l1: tint($edx-pink,20%);
+$edx-pink-l2: tint($edx-pink,40%);
+$edx-pink-l3: tint($edx-pink,60%);
+$edx-pink-l4: tint($edx-pink,80%);
+$edx-pink-l5: tint($edx-pink,90%);
+$edx-pink-d1: shade($edx-pink,20%);
+$edx-pink-d2: shade($edx-pink,40%);
+$edx-pink-d3: shade($edx-pink,60%);
+$edx-pink-d4: shade($edx-pink,80%);
+$edx-pink-d5: shade($edx-pink,90%);
+$edx-pink-s1: saturate($edx-pink,15%);
+$edx-pink-s2: saturate($edx-pink,30%);
+$edx-pink-s3: saturate($edx-pink,45%);
+$edx-pink-u1: desaturate($edx-pink,15%);
+$edx-pink-u2: desaturate($edx-pink,30%);
+$edx-pink-u3: desaturate($edx-pink,45%);
+$edx-pink-t0: rgba($edx-pink,0.125);
+$edx-pink-t1: rgba($edx-pink,0.25);
+$edx-pink-t2: rgba($edx-pink,0.50);
+$edx-pink-t3: rgba($edx-pink,0.75);
+
+// ====================
+
+// fonts
+$f-serif: 'PT Serif', Cambria, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
+$f-sans-serif: 'Open Sans','Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
+$f-monospace: 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', Consolas, Courier, monospace;
+
+// ====================
+
+// grid
+@import "neat/neat-helpers";
+
+// grid (neat-based)
+$max-width: 1280px;
+$grid-columns: 12;                                                  // make grid 12 columns
+$gutter: $baseline-v;                                               // gutter b/t columns
+
+// grid (neat-based) - responsive
+$bp-m: new-breakpoint(max-width 499px 4);                           // mobile devices - make grid 4 columns
+$bp-ds: new-breakpoint(min-width 500px max-width 759px 6);          // small displays - make grid 6 columns
+$bp-dm: new-breakpoint(min-width 760px max-width 899px 12);        // medium displays - make grid 12 columns
+$bp-dl: new-breakpoint(min-width 900px 12);                        // large displays - make grid 12 columns
+
+// ====================
+
+// timing - used for animation/transition mixin syncing
+$tmg-s3: 3.0s;
+$tmg-s2: 2.0s;
+$tmg-s1: 1.0s;
+$tmg-avg: 0.75s;
+$tmg-f1: 0.50s;
+$tmg-f2: 0.25s;
+$tmg-f3: 0.125s;
+
+// animation-based settings
+$anim-distance-offviewport: ($baseline-h*100);                         // for larger/page-level animations
+
+// ====================
+
+// application: general actions
+$color-primary: $edx-blue-d1;
+$color-secondary: $edx-blue-l1;
+$color-tertiary: $gray-l1;
+$color-quarternary: $gray-l2;
+
+// application: general links
+$color-link: $edx-blue-d1;
+$color-link-focus: $edx-blue;
+$color-link-active: $edx-blue;
+$color-link-visited: $edx-blue-d2;
+
+// application: actions & links (button-focused)
+$bg-action-primary: $color-primary;
+$bg-action-primary-focus: saturate($color-primary, 35%);
+$bordercolor-action-primary: saturate($color-primary, 15%);
+$bordercolor-action-primary-focus: saturate($color-primary, 35%);
+$color-action-primary: tint($color-primary, 90%);
+$color-action-primary-focus: tint($color-primary, 95%);
+
+$bg-action-secondary: $color-secondary;
+$bg-action-secondary-focus: saturate($color-secondary, 35%);
+$bordercolor-action-secondary: saturate($color-secondary, 15%);
+$bordercolor-action-secondary-focus: saturate($color-secondary, 35%);
+$color-action-secondary: tint($color-secondary, 90%);
+$color-action-secondary-focus: tint($color-secondary, 95%);
+
+// ====================
+
+// application: copy & headings
+
+$color-heading: $gray-d3;
+$color-heading-secondary: $gray-d1;
+$color-heading-tertiary: $gray;
+
+$color-copy: $gray-l1;
+$color-copy-lead: $gray-d2;
+$color-copy-supplemental: $gray-l1;
+
+// ====================
+
+// application: states
+$bg-selected: $edx-blue-t1;
+$color-selected: $edx-blue-s1;
+
+// ====================
+
+// application: view elements
+$bg-view: $gray-l6;
+
+$bg-header-main: $white;
+$color-header-main: $black;
+
+$bg-content: $gray-l6;
+$color-content: $gray-d1;
+
+$bg-content-main: $gray-l5;
+$color-content-main: $gray-d1;
+
+$bg-footer-main: transparent;
+$color-footer-main: $gray;

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/_bourbon-deprecated-upcoming.scss

+//************************************************************************//
+// These mixins/functions are deprecated
+// They will be removed in the next MAJOR version release
+//************************************************************************//
+@mixin inline-block {
+  display: inline-block;
+  @warn "inline-block mixin is deprecated and will be removed in the next major version release";
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/_bourbon.scss

+// Settings
+@import "settings/prefixer";
+@import "settings/px-to-em";
+@import "settings/asset-pipeline";
+
+// Custom Helpers
+@import "helpers/convert-units";
+@import "helpers/gradient-positions-parser";
+@import "helpers/is-num";
+@import "helpers/linear-angle-parser";
+@import "helpers/linear-gradient-parser";
+@import "helpers/linear-positions-parser";
+@import "helpers/linear-side-corner-parser";
+@import "helpers/radial-arg-parser";
+@import "helpers/radial-positions-parser";
+@import "helpers/radial-gradient-parser";
+@import "helpers/render-gradients";
+@import "helpers/shape-size-stripper";
+@import "helpers/str-to-num";
+
+// Custom Functions
+@import "functions/assign";
+@import "functions/color-lightness";
+@import "functions/flex-grid";
+@import "functions/golden-ratio";
+@import "functions/grid-width";
+@import "functions/modular-scale";
+@import "functions/px-to-em";
+@import "functions/px-to-rem";
+@import "functions/strip-units";
+@import "functions/tint-shade";
+@import "functions/transition-property-name";
+@import "functions/unpack";
+
+// CSS3 Mixins
+@import "css3/animation";
+@import "css3/appearance";
+@import "css3/backface-visibility";
+@import "css3/background";
+@import "css3/background-image";
+@import "css3/border-image";
+@import "css3/border-radius";
+@import "css3/box-sizing";
+@import "css3/calc";
+@import "css3/columns";
+@import "css3/filter";
+@import "css3/flex-box";
+@import "css3/font-face";
+@import "css3/font-feature-settings";
+@import "css3/hyphens";
+@import "css3/hidpi-media-query";
+@import "css3/image-rendering";
+@import "css3/keyframes";
+@import "css3/linear-gradient";
+@import "css3/perspective";
+@import "css3/radial-gradient";
+@import "css3/transform";
+@import "css3/transition";
+@import "css3/user-select";
+@import "css3/placeholder";
+
+// Addons & other mixins
+@import "addons/button";
+@import "addons/clearfix";
+@import "addons/directional-values";
+@import "addons/ellipsis";
+@import "addons/font-family";
+@import "addons/hide-text";
+@import "addons/html5-input-types";
+@import "addons/position";
+@import "addons/prefixer";
+@import "addons/retina-image";
+@import "addons/size";
+@import "addons/timing-functions";
+@import "addons/triangle";
+@import "addons/word-wrap";
+
+// Soon to be deprecated Mixins
+@import "bourbon-deprecated-upcoming";

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_clearfix.scss

+// Modern micro clearfix provides an easy way to contain floats without adding additional markup.
+//
+// Example usage:
+//
+//    // Contain all floats within .wrapper
+//    .wrapper {
+//      @include clearfix;
+//      .content,
+//      .sidebar {
+//        float : left;
+//      }
+//    }
+
+@mixin clearfix {
+  &:after {
+    content:"";
+    display:table;
+    clear:both;
+  }
+}
+
+// Acknowledgements
+// Beat *that* clearfix: [Thierry Koblentz](http://www.css-101.org/articles/clearfix/latest-new-clearfix-so-far.php)

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_directional-values.scss

+// directional-property mixins are shorthands
+// for writing properties like the following
+//
+// @include margin(null 0 10px);
+// ------
+// margin-right: 0;
+// margin-bottom: 10px;
+// margin-left: 0;
+//
+// - or -
+//
+// @include border-style(dotted null);
+// ------
+// border-top-style: dotted;
+// border-bottom-style: dotted;
+//
+// ------
+//
+// Note: You can also use false instead of null
+
+@function collapse-directionals($vals) {
+  $output: null;
+
+  $A: nth( $vals, 1 );
+  $B: if( length($vals) < 2, $A, nth($vals, 2));
+  $C: if( length($vals) < 3, $A, nth($vals, 3));
+  $D: if( length($vals) < 2, $A, nth($vals, if( length($vals) < 4, 2, 4) ));
+
+  @if $A == 0 { $A: 0 }
+  @if $B == 0 { $B: 0 }
+  @if $C == 0 { $C: 0 }
+  @if $D == 0 { $D: 0 }
+
+  @if $A == $B and $A == $C and $A == $D { $output: $A          }
+  @else if $A == $C and $B == $D         { $output: $A $B       }
+  @else if $B == $D                      { $output: $A $B $C    }
+  @else                                  { $output: $A $B $C $D }
+
+  @return $output;
+}
+
+@function contains-falsy($list) {
+  @each $item in $list {
+    @if not $item {
+      @return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @return false;
+}
+
+@mixin directional-property($pre, $suf, $vals) {
+  // Property Names
+  $top:    $pre + "-top"    + if($suf, "-#{$suf}", "");
+  $bottom: $pre + "-bottom" + if($suf, "-#{$suf}", "");
+  $left:   $pre + "-left"   + if($suf, "-#{$suf}", "");
+  $right:  $pre + "-right"  + if($suf, "-#{$suf}", "");
+  $all:    $pre +             if($suf, "-#{$suf}", "");
+
+  $vals: collapse-directionals($vals);
+
+  @if contains-falsy($vals) {
+    @if nth($vals, 1) { #{$top}: nth($vals, 1); }
+
+    @if length($vals) == 1 {
+      @if nth($vals, 1) { #{$right}: nth($vals, 1); }
+    } @else {
+      @if nth($vals, 2) { #{$right}: nth($vals, 2); }
+    }
+
+    // prop: top/bottom right/left
+    @if length($vals) == 2 {
+      @if nth($vals, 1) { #{$bottom}: nth($vals, 1); }
+      @if nth($vals, 2) { #{$left}:   nth($vals, 2); }
+
+    // prop: top right/left bottom
+    } @else if length($vals) == 3 {
+      @if nth($vals, 3) { #{$bottom}: nth($vals, 3); }
+      @if nth($vals, 2) { #{$left}:   nth($vals, 2); }
+
+    // prop: top right bottom left
+    } @else if length($vals) == 4 {
+      @if nth($vals, 3) { #{$bottom}: nth($vals, 3); }
+      @if nth($vals, 4) { #{$left}:   nth($vals, 4); }
+    }
+
+  // prop: top/right/bottom/left
+  } @else {
+    #{$all}: $vals;
+  }
+}
+
+@mixin margin($vals...) {
+  @include directional-property(margin, false, $vals...);
+}
+
+@mixin padding($vals...) {
+  @include directional-property(padding, false, $vals...);
+}
+
+@mixin border-style($vals...) {
+  @include directional-property(border, style, $vals...);
+}
+
+@mixin border-color($vals...) {
+  @include directional-property(border, color, $vals...);
+}
+
+@mixin border-width($vals...) {
+  @include directional-property(border, width, $vals...);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_ellipsis.scss

+@mixin ellipsis($width: 100%) {
+  display: inline-block;
+  max-width: $width;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_font-family.scss

+$georgia: Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
+$helvetica: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
+$lucida-grande: "Lucida Grande", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
+$monospace: "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", Consolas, Courier, monospace;
+$verdana: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_hide-text.scss

+@mixin hide-text {
+  overflow: hidden;
+
+  &:before {
+    content: "";
+    display: block;
+    width: 0;
+    height: 100%;
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_html5-input-types.scss

+//************************************************************************//
+// Generate a variable ($all-text-inputs) with a list of all html5
+// input types that have a text-based input, excluding textarea.
+// http://diveintohtml5.org/forms.html
+//************************************************************************//
+$inputs-list: 'input[type="email"]',
+              'input[type="number"]',
+              'input[type="password"]',
+              'input[type="search"]',
+              'input[type="tel"]',
+              'input[type="text"]',
+              'input[type="url"]',
+
+              // Webkit & Gecko may change the display of these in the future
+              'input[type="color"]',
+              'input[type="date"]',
+              'input[type="datetime"]',
+              'input[type="datetime-local"]',
+              'input[type="month"]',
+              'input[type="time"]',
+              'input[type="week"]';
+
+// Bare inputs
+//************************************************************************//
+$all-text-inputs: assign-inputs($inputs-list);
+
+// Hover Pseudo-class
+//************************************************************************//
+$all-text-inputs-hover: assign-inputs($inputs-list, hover);
+
+// Focus Pseudo-class
+//************************************************************************//
+$all-text-inputs-focus: assign-inputs($inputs-list, focus);
+
+
+
+// You must use interpolation on the variable:
+// #{$all-text-inputs}
+// #{$all-text-inputs-hover}
+// #{$all-text-inputs-focus}
+
+// Example
+//************************************************************************//
+//   #{$all-text-inputs}, textarea {
+//     border: 1px solid red;
+//   }
+
+
+
+//************************************************************************//
+// Generate a variable ($all-button-inputs) with a list of all html5
+// input types that have a button-based input, excluding button.
+//************************************************************************//
+$inputs-button-list: 'input[type="button"]',
+                     'input[type="reset"]',
+                     'input[type="submit"]';
+
+// Bare inputs
+//************************************************************************//
+$all-button-inputs: assign-inputs($inputs-button-list);
+
+// Hover Pseudo-class
+//************************************************************************//
+$all-button-inputs-hover: assign-inputs($inputs-button-list, hover);
+
+// Focus Pseudo-class
+//************************************************************************//
+$all-button-inputs-focus: assign-inputs($inputs-button-list, focus);
+
+// Active Pseudo-class
+//************************************************************************//
+$all-button-inputs-active: assign-inputs($inputs-button-list, active);
+
+
+
+// You must use interpolation on the variable:
+// #{$all-button-inputs}
+// #{$all-button-inputs-hover}
+// #{$all-button-inputs-focus}
+// #{$all-button-inputs-active}
+
+// Example
+//************************************************************************//
+//   #{$all-button-inputs}, button {
+//     border: 1px solid red;
+//   }

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_position.scss

+@mixin position ($position: relative, $coordinates: null null null null) {
+
+  @if type-of($position) == list {
+    $coordinates: $position;
+    $position: relative;
+  }
+
+  $coordinates: unpack($coordinates);
+
+  $top: nth($coordinates, 1);
+  $right: nth($coordinates, 2);
+  $bottom: nth($coordinates, 3);
+  $left: nth($coordinates, 4);
+
+  position: $position;
+
+  @if ($top and $top == auto) or (type-of($top) == number) {
+    top: $top;
+  }
+
+  @if ($right and $right == auto) or (type-of($right) == number) {
+    right: $right;
+  }
+
+  @if ($bottom and $bottom == auto) or (type-of($bottom) == number) {
+    bottom: $bottom;
+  }
+
+  @if ($left and $left == auto) or (type-of($left) == number) {
+    left: $left;
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_prefixer.scss

+//************************************************************************//
+// Example: @include prefixer(border-radius, $radii, webkit ms spec);
+//************************************************************************//
+// Variables located in /settings/_prefixer.scss
+
+@mixin prefixer ($property, $value, $prefixes) {
+  @each $prefix in $prefixes {
+    @if $prefix == webkit {
+      @if $prefix-for-webkit {
+        -webkit-#{$property}: $value;
+      }
+    }
+    @else if $prefix == moz {
+      @if $prefix-for-mozilla {
+        -moz-#{$property}: $value;
+      }
+    }
+    @else if $prefix == ms {
+      @if $prefix-for-microsoft {
+        -ms-#{$property}: $value;
+      }
+    }
+    @else if $prefix == o {
+      @if $prefix-for-opera {
+        -o-#{$property}: $value;
+      }
+    }
+    @else if $prefix == spec {
+      @if $prefix-for-spec {
+        #{$property}: $value;
+      }
+    }
+    @else  {
+      @warn "Unrecognized prefix: #{$prefix}";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@mixin disable-prefix-for-all() {
+  $prefix-for-webkit:    false !global;
+  $prefix-for-mozilla:   false !global;
+  $prefix-for-microsoft: false !global;
+  $prefix-for-opera:     false !global;
+  $prefix-for-spec:      false !global;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_retina-image.scss

+@mixin retina-image($filename, $background-size, $extension: png, $retina-filename: null, $retina-suffix: _2x, $asset-pipeline: $asset-pipeline) {
+  @if $asset-pipeline {
+    background-image: image-url("#{$filename}.#{$extension}");
+  }
+  @else {
+    background-image:       url("#{$filename}.#{$extension}");
+  }
+
+  @include hidpi {
+    @if $asset-pipeline {
+      @if $retina-filename {
+        background-image: image-url("#{$retina-filename}.#{$extension}");
+      }
+      @else {
+        background-image: image-url("#{$filename}#{$retina-suffix}.#{$extension}");
+      }
+    }
+
+    @else {
+      @if $retina-filename {
+        background-image: url("#{$retina-filename}.#{$extension}");
+      }
+      @else {
+        background-image: url("#{$filename}#{$retina-suffix}.#{$extension}");
+      }
+    }
+
+    background-size: $background-size;
+
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_size.scss

+@mixin size($size) {
+  $height: nth($size, 1);
+  $width: $height;
+
+  @if length($size) > 1 {
+    $height: nth($size, 2);
+  }
+
+  @if $height == auto or (type-of($height) == number and not unitless($height)) {
+    height: $height;
+  }
+
+  @if $width == auto or (type-of($width) == number and not unitless($width)) {
+    width: $width;
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_timing-functions.scss

+// CSS cubic-bezier timing functions. Timing functions courtesy of jquery.easie (github.com/jaukia/easie)
+// Timing functions are the same as demo'ed here: http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/effect/easing.html
+
+// EASE IN
+$ease-in-quad:      cubic-bezier(0.550,  0.085, 0.680, 0.530);
+$ease-in-cubic:     cubic-bezier(0.550,  0.055, 0.675, 0.190);
+$ease-in-quart:     cubic-bezier(0.895,  0.030, 0.685, 0.220);
+$ease-in-quint:     cubic-bezier(0.755,  0.050, 0.855, 0.060);
+$ease-in-sine:      cubic-bezier(0.470,  0.000, 0.745, 0.715);
+$ease-in-expo:      cubic-bezier(0.950,  0.050, 0.795, 0.035);
+$ease-in-circ:      cubic-bezier(0.600,  0.040, 0.980, 0.335);
+$ease-in-back:      cubic-bezier(0.600, -0.280, 0.735, 0.045);
+
+// EASE OUT
+$ease-out-quad:     cubic-bezier(0.250,  0.460, 0.450, 0.940);
+$ease-out-cubic:    cubic-bezier(0.215,  0.610, 0.355, 1.000);
+$ease-out-quart:    cubic-bezier(0.165,  0.840, 0.440, 1.000);
+$ease-out-quint:    cubic-bezier(0.230,  1.000, 0.320, 1.000);
+$ease-out-sine:     cubic-bezier(0.390,  0.575, 0.565, 1.000);
+$ease-out-expo:     cubic-bezier(0.190,  1.000, 0.220, 1.000);
+$ease-out-circ:     cubic-bezier(0.075,  0.820, 0.165, 1.000);
+$ease-out-back:     cubic-bezier(0.175,  0.885, 0.320, 1.275);
+
+// EASE IN OUT
+$ease-in-out-quad:  cubic-bezier(0.455,  0.030, 0.515, 0.955);
+$ease-in-out-cubic: cubic-bezier(0.645,  0.045, 0.355, 1.000);
+$ease-in-out-quart: cubic-bezier(0.770,  0.000, 0.175, 1.000);
+$ease-in-out-quint: cubic-bezier(0.860,  0.000, 0.070, 1.000);
+$ease-in-out-sine:  cubic-bezier(0.445,  0.050, 0.550, 0.950);
+$ease-in-out-expo:  cubic-bezier(1.000,  0.000, 0.000, 1.000);
+$ease-in-out-circ:  cubic-bezier(0.785,  0.135, 0.150, 0.860);
+$ease-in-out-back:  cubic-bezier(0.680, -0.550, 0.265, 1.550);

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_triangle.scss

+@mixin triangle ($size, $color, $direction) {
+  height: 0;
+  width: 0;
+
+  $width: nth($size, 1);
+  $height: nth($size, length($size));
+
+  $foreground-color: nth($color, 1);
+  $background-color: if(length($color) == 2, nth($color, 2), transparent);
+
+  @if ($direction == up) or ($direction == down) or ($direction == right) or ($direction == left) {
+
+    $width: $width / 2;
+    $height: if(length($size) > 1, $height, $height/2);
+
+    @if $direction == up {
+      border-left: $width solid $background-color;
+      border-right: $width solid $background-color;
+      border-bottom: $height solid $foreground-color;
+
+    } @else if $direction == right {
+      border-top: $width solid $background-color;
+      border-bottom: $width solid $background-color;
+      border-left: $height solid $foreground-color;
+
+    } @else if $direction == down {
+      border-left: $width solid $background-color;
+      border-right: $width solid $background-color;
+      border-top: $height solid $foreground-color;
+
+    } @else if $direction == left {
+      border-top: $width solid $background-color;
+      border-bottom: $width solid $background-color;
+      border-right: $height solid $foreground-color;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @else if ($direction == up-right) or ($direction == up-left) {
+    border-top: $height solid $foreground-color;
+
+    @if $direction == up-right {
+      border-left:  $width solid $background-color;
+
+    } @else if $direction == up-left {
+      border-right: $width solid $background-color;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @else if ($direction == down-right) or ($direction == down-left) {
+    border-bottom: $height solid $foreground-color;
+
+    @if $direction == down-right {
+      border-left:  $width solid $background-color;
+
+    } @else if $direction == down-left {
+      border-right: $width solid $background-color;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @else if ($direction == inset-up) {
+    border-width: $height $width;
+    border-style: solid;
+    border-color: $background-color $background-color $foreground-color;
+  }
+
+  @else if ($direction == inset-down) {
+    border-width: $height $width;
+    border-style: solid;
+    border-color: $foreground-color $background-color $background-color;
+  }
+
+  @else if ($direction == inset-right) {
+    border-width: $width $height;
+    border-style: solid;
+    border-color: $background-color $background-color $background-color $foreground-color;
+  }
+
+  @else if ($direction == inset-left) {
+    border-width: $width $height;
+    border-style: solid;
+    border-color: $background-color $foreground-color $background-color $background-color;
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/addons/_word-wrap.scss

+@mixin word-wrap($wrap: break-word) {
+  word-wrap: $wrap;
+
+  @if $wrap == break-word {
+    overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    word-break: break-all;
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_animation.scss

+// http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-animations/#the-animation-name-property-
+// Each of these mixins support comma separated lists of values, which allows different transitions for individual properties to be described in a single style rule. Each value in the list corresponds to the value at that same position in the other properties.
+
+// Official animation shorthand property.
+@mixin animation ($animations...) {
+  @include prefixer(animation, $animations, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+// Individual Animation Properties
+@mixin animation-name ($names...) {
+  @include prefixer(animation-name, $names, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+
+@mixin animation-duration ($times...) {
+  @include prefixer(animation-duration, $times, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+
+@mixin animation-timing-function ($motions...) {
+// ease | linear | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out
+  @include prefixer(animation-timing-function, $motions, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+
+@mixin animation-iteration-count ($values...) {
+// infinite | <number>
+  @include prefixer(animation-iteration-count, $values, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+
+@mixin animation-direction ($directions...) {
+// normal | alternate
+  @include prefixer(animation-direction, $directions, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+
+@mixin animation-play-state ($states...) {
+// running | paused
+  @include prefixer(animation-play-state, $states, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+
+@mixin animation-delay ($times...) {
+  @include prefixer(animation-delay, $times, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+
+@mixin animation-fill-mode ($modes...) {
+// none | forwards | backwards | both
+  @include prefixer(animation-fill-mode, $modes, webkit moz spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_appearance.scss

+@mixin appearance ($value) {
+  @include prefixer(appearance, $value, webkit moz ms o spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_backface-visibility.scss

+//************************************************************************//
+// Backface-visibility mixin
+//************************************************************************//
+@mixin backface-visibility($visibility) {
+  @include prefixer(backface-visibility, $visibility, webkit spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_background-image.scss

+//************************************************************************//
+// Background-image property for adding multiple background images with
+// gradients, or for stringing multiple gradients together.
+//************************************************************************//
+
+@mixin background-image($images...) {
+  $webkit-images: ();
+  $spec-images: ();
+
+  @each $image in $images {
+    $webkit-image: ();
+    $spec-image: ();
+
+    @if (type-of($image) == string) {
+      $url-str:       str-slice($image, 0, 3);
+      $gradient-type: str-slice($image, 0, 6);
+
+      @if $url-str == "url" {
+        $webkit-image: $image;
+          $spec-image: $image;
+      }
+
+      @else if $gradient-type == "linear" {
+        $gradients: _linear-gradient-parser($image);
+        $webkit-image:  map-get($gradients, webkit-image);
+        $spec-image:    map-get($gradients, spec-image);
+      }
+
+      @else if $gradient-type == "radial" {
+        $gradients: _radial-gradient-parser($image);
+        $webkit-image: map-get($gradients, webkit-image);
+        $spec-image:   map-get($gradients, spec-image);
+      }
+    }
+
+    $webkit-images: append($webkit-images, $webkit-image, comma);
+    $spec-images:   append($spec-images,   $spec-image,   comma);
+  }
+
+  background-image: $webkit-images;
+  background-image: $spec-images;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_background.scss

+//************************************************************************//
+// Background property for adding multiple backgrounds using shorthand
+// notation.
+//************************************************************************//
+
+@mixin background($backgrounds...) {
+  $webkit-backgrounds: ();
+  $spec-backgrounds: ();
+
+  @each $background in $backgrounds {
+    $webkit-background: ();
+    $spec-background: ();
+    $background-type: type-of($background);
+
+    @if $background-type == string or list {
+      $background-str: if($background-type == list, nth($background, 1), $background);
+
+      $url-str:       str-slice($background-str, 0, 3);
+      $gradient-type: str-slice($background-str, 0, 6);
+
+      @if $url-str == "url" {
+        $webkit-background: $background;
+          $spec-background: $background;
+      }
+
+      @else if $gradient-type == "linear" {
+        $gradients: _linear-gradient-parser("#{$background}");
+        $webkit-background: map-get($gradients, webkit-image);
+        $spec-background:   map-get($gradients, spec-image);
+      }
+
+      @else if $gradient-type == "radial" {
+        $gradients: _radial-gradient-parser("#{$background}");
+        $webkit-background: map-get($gradients, webkit-image);
+        $spec-background:   map-get($gradients, spec-image);
+      }
+
+      @else {
+        $webkit-background: $background;
+          $spec-background: $background;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @else {
+      $webkit-background: $background;
+        $spec-background: $background;
+    }
+
+    $webkit-backgrounds: append($webkit-backgrounds, $webkit-background, comma);
+    $spec-backgrounds:   append($spec-backgrounds,   $spec-background,   comma);
+  }
+
+  background: $webkit-backgrounds;
+  background: $spec-backgrounds;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_border-image.scss

+@mixin border-image($borders...) {
+  $webkit-borders: ();
+  $spec-borders: ();
+
+  @each $border in $borders {
+    $webkit-border: ();
+    $spec-border: ();
+    $border-type: type-of($border);
+
+    @if $border-type == string or list {
+      $border-str: if($border-type == list, nth($border, 1), $border);
+
+      $url-str:       str-slice($border-str, 0, 3);
+      $gradient-type: str-slice($border-str, 0, 6);
+
+      @if $url-str == "url" {
+        $webkit-border: $border;
+          $spec-border: $border;
+      }
+
+      @else if $gradient-type == "linear" {
+        $gradients: _linear-gradient-parser("#{$border}");
+        $webkit-border: map-get($gradients, webkit-image);
+        $spec-border:   map-get($gradients, spec-image);
+      }
+
+      @else if $gradient-type == "radial" {
+        $gradients: _radial-gradient-parser("#{$border}");
+        $webkit-border: map-get($gradients, webkit-image);
+        $spec-border:   map-get($gradients, spec-image);
+      }
+
+      @else {
+        $webkit-border: $border;
+          $spec-border: $border;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @else {
+      $webkit-border: $border;
+        $spec-border: $border;
+    }
+
+    $webkit-borders: append($webkit-borders, $webkit-border, comma);
+    $spec-borders:   append($spec-borders,   $spec-border,   comma);
+  }
+
+  -webkit-border-image: $webkit-borders;
+          border-image: $spec-borders;
+          border-style: solid;
+}
+
+//Examples:
+// @include border-image(url("image.png"));
+// @include border-image(url("image.png") 20 stretch);
+// @include border-image(linear-gradient(45deg, orange, yellow));
+// @include border-image(linear-gradient(45deg, orange, yellow) stretch);
+// @include border-image(linear-gradient(45deg, orange, yellow) 20 30 40 50 stretch round);
+// @include border-image(radial-gradient(top, cover, orange, yellow, orange));

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_border-radius.scss

+//************************************************************************//
+// Shorthand Border-radius mixins
+//************************************************************************//
+@mixin border-top-radius($radii) {
+  @include prefixer(border-top-left-radius, $radii, spec);
+  @include prefixer(border-top-right-radius, $radii, spec);
+}
+
+@mixin border-bottom-radius($radii) {
+  @include prefixer(border-bottom-left-radius, $radii, spec);
+  @include prefixer(border-bottom-right-radius, $radii, spec);
+}
+
+@mixin border-left-radius($radii) {
+  @include prefixer(border-top-left-radius, $radii, spec);
+  @include prefixer(border-bottom-left-radius, $radii, spec);
+}
+
+@mixin border-right-radius($radii) {
+  @include prefixer(border-top-right-radius, $radii, spec);
+  @include prefixer(border-bottom-right-radius, $radii, spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_box-sizing.scss

+@mixin box-sizing ($box) {
+//  content-box | border-box | inherit
+  @include prefixer(box-sizing, $box, webkit moz spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_calc.scss

+@mixin calc($property, $value) {
+  #{$property}: -webkit-calc(#{$value});
+  #{$property}:         calc(#{$value});
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_columns.scss

+@mixin columns($arg: auto) {
+// <column-count> || <column-width>
+  @include prefixer(columns, $arg, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-count($int: auto) {
+// auto || integer
+  @include prefixer(column-count, $int, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-gap($length: normal) {
+// normal || length
+  @include prefixer(column-gap, $length, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-fill($arg: auto) {
+// auto || length
+  @include prefixer(column-fill, $arg, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-rule($arg) {
+// <border-width> || <border-style> || <color>
+  @include prefixer(column-rule, $arg, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-rule-color($color) {
+  @include prefixer(column-rule-color, $color, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-rule-style($style: none) {
+// none | hidden | dashed | dotted | double | groove | inset | inset | outset | ridge | solid
+  @include prefixer(column-rule-style, $style, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-rule-width ($width: none) {
+  @include prefixer(column-rule-width, $width, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-span($arg: none) {
+// none || all
+  @include prefixer(column-span, $arg, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin column-width($length: auto) {
+// auto || length
+  @include prefixer(column-width, $length, webkit moz spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_filter.scss

+@mixin filter($function: none) {
+  // <filter-function> [<filter-function]* | none
+  @include prefixer(filter, $function, webkit spec);
+}
+

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_flex-box.scss

+// CSS3 Flexible Box Model and property defaults
+
+// Custom shorthand notation for flexbox
+@mixin box($orient: inline-axis, $pack: start, $align: stretch) {
+  @include display-box;
+  @include box-orient($orient);
+  @include box-pack($pack);
+  @include box-align($align);
+}
+
+@mixin display-box {
+  display: -webkit-box;
+  display: -moz-box;
+  display: -ms-flexbox; // IE 10
+  display: box;
+}
+
+@mixin box-orient($orient: inline-axis) {
+// horizontal|vertical|inline-axis|block-axis|inherit
+  @include prefixer(box-orient, $orient, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin box-pack($pack: start) {
+// start|end|center|justify
+  @include prefixer(box-pack, $pack, webkit moz spec);
+  -ms-flex-pack: $pack; // IE 10
+}
+
+@mixin box-align($align: stretch) {
+// start|end|center|baseline|stretch
+  @include prefixer(box-align, $align, webkit moz spec);
+  -ms-flex-align: $align; // IE 10
+}
+
+@mixin box-direction($direction: normal) {
+// normal|reverse|inherit
+  @include prefixer(box-direction, $direction, webkit moz spec);
+  -ms-flex-direction: $direction; // IE 10
+}
+
+@mixin box-lines($lines: single) {
+// single|multiple
+  @include prefixer(box-lines, $lines, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin box-ordinal-group($int: 1) {
+  @include prefixer(box-ordinal-group, $int, webkit moz spec);
+  -ms-flex-order: $int; // IE 10
+}
+
+@mixin box-flex($value: 0.0) {
+  @include prefixer(box-flex, $value, webkit moz spec);
+  -ms-flex: $value; // IE 10
+}
+
+@mixin box-flex-group($int: 1) {
+  @include prefixer(box-flex-group, $int, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+// CSS3 Flexible Box Model and property defaults
+// Unified attributes for 2009, 2011, and 2012 flavours.
+
+// 2009 - display (box | inline-box)
+// 2011 - display (flexbox | inline-flexbox)
+// 2012 - display (flex | inline-flex)
+@mixin display($value) {
+//  flex | inline-flex
+    @if $value == "flex" {
+        // 2009
+        display: -webkit-box;
+        display: -moz-box;
+        display: box;
+
+        // 2012
+        display: -webkit-flex;
+        display: -moz-flex;
+        display: -ms-flexbox; // 2011 (IE 10)
+        display: flex;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "inline-flex" {
+        display: -webkit-inline-box;
+        display: -moz-inline-box;
+        display: inline-box;
+
+        display: -webkit-inline-flex;
+        display: -moz-inline-flex;
+        display: -ms-inline-flexbox;
+        display: inline-flex;
+    }
+
+    @else {
+        display: $value;
+    }
+}
+
+// 2009 - box-flex (integer)
+// 2011 - flex (decimal | width decimal)
+// 2012 - flex (integer integer width)
+@mixin flex($value) {
+
+    // Grab flex-grow for older browsers.
+    $flex-grow: nth($value, 1);
+
+    // 2009
+    @include prefixer(box-flex, $flex-grow, webkit moz spec);
+
+    // 2011 (IE 10), 2012
+    @include prefixer(flex, $value, webkit moz ms spec);
+}
+
+// 2009 - box-orient ( horizontal | vertical | inline-axis | block-axis)
+//      - box-direction (normal | reverse)      
+// 2011 - flex-direction (row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse)
+// 2012 - flex-direction (row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse)
+@mixin flex-direction($value: row) {
+
+    // Alt values.
+    $value-2009: $value;
+    $value-2011: $value;
+    $direction: "normal";
+
+    @if $value == row {
+        $value-2009: horizontal;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "row-reverse" {
+        $value-2009: horizontal;
+        $direction: reverse;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == column {
+        $value-2009: vertical;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "column-reverse" {
+        $value-2009: vertical;
+        $direction: reverse;
+    }
+
+    // 2009
+    @include prefixer(box-orient, $value-2009, webkit moz spec);
+    @if $direction == "reverse" {
+        @include prefixer(box-direction, $direction, webkit moz spec);
+    }
+
+    // 2012
+    @include prefixer(flex-direction, $value, webkit moz spec);
+
+    // 2011 (IE 10)
+    -ms-flex-direction: $value;
+}
+
+// 2009 - box-lines (single | multiple)
+// 2011 - flex-wrap (nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse)
+// 2012 - flex-wrap (nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse)
+@mixin flex-wrap($value: nowrap) {
+
+    // Alt values.
+    $alt-value: $value;
+    @if $value == nowrap {
+        $alt-value: single;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == wrap {
+        $alt-value: multiple;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "wrap-reverse" {
+        $alt-value: multiple;
+    }
+
+    @include prefixer(box-lines, $alt-value, webkit moz spec);
+    @include prefixer(flex-wrap, $value, webkit moz ms spec);
+}
+
+// 2009 - TODO: parse values into flex-direction/flex-wrap
+// 2011 - TODO: parse values into flex-direction/flex-wrap
+// 2012 - flex-flow (flex-direction || flex-wrap)
+@mixin flex-flow($value) {
+    @include prefixer(flex-flow, $value, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+// 2009 - box-ordinal-group (integer)
+// 2011 - flex-order (integer)
+// 2012 - order (integer)
+@mixin order($int: 0) {
+    // 2009
+    @include prefixer(box-ordinal-group, $int, webkit moz spec);
+
+    // 2012
+    @include prefixer(order, $int, webkit moz spec);
+
+    // 2011 (IE 10)
+    -ms-flex-order: $int;
+}
+
+// 2012 - flex-grow (number)
+@mixin flex-grow($number: 0) {
+    @include prefixer(flex-grow, $number, webkit moz spec);
+    -ms-flex-positive: $number;
+}
+
+// 2012 - flex-shrink (number)
+@mixin flex-shrink($number: 1) {
+    @include prefixer(flex-shrink, $number, webkit moz spec);
+    -ms-flex-negative: $number;
+}
+
+// 2012 - flex-basis (number)
+@mixin flex-basis($width: auto) {
+    @include prefixer(flex-basis, $width, webkit moz spec);
+    -ms-flex-preferred-size: $width;
+}
+
+// 2009 - box-pack (start | end | center | justify)
+// 2011 - flex-pack (start | end | center | justify)
+// 2012 - justify-content (flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around)
+@mixin justify-content ($value: flex-start) {
+
+    // Alt values.
+    $alt-value: $value;
+    @if $value == "flex-start" {
+        $alt-value: start;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "flex-end" {
+        $alt-value: end;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "space-between" {
+        $alt-value: justify;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "space-around" {
+        $alt-value: center;
+    }
+
+    // 2009
+    @include prefixer(box-pack, $alt-value, webkit moz spec);
+
+    // 2012
+    @include prefixer(justify-content, $value, webkit moz ms o spec);
+
+    // 2011 (IE 10)
+    -ms-flex-pack: $alt-value;
+}
+
+// 2009 - box-align (start | end | center | baseline | stretch)
+// 2011 - flex-align (start | end | center | baseline | stretch)
+// 2012 - align-items (flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch)
+@mixin align-items($value: stretch) {
+
+    $alt-value: $value;
+
+    @if $value == "flex-start" {
+        $alt-value: start;
+    }    
+
+    @elseif $value == "flex-end" {
+        $alt-value: end;
+    }
+
+    // 2009
+    @include prefixer(box-align, $alt-value, webkit moz spec);
+
+    // 2012
+    @include prefixer(align-items, $value, webkit moz ms o spec);
+    
+    // 2011 (IE 10)
+    -ms-flex-align: $alt-value;    
+}
+
+// 2011 - flex-item-align (auto | start | end | center | baseline | stretch)
+// 2012 - align-self (auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch)
+@mixin align-self($value: auto) {
+
+    $value-2011: $value;
+    @if $value == "flex-start" {
+        $value-2011: start;
+    }    
+
+    @elseif $value == "flex-end" {
+        $value-2011: end;
+    }
+
+    // 2012
+    @include prefixer(align-self, $value, webkit moz spec);
+
+    // 2011 (IE 10)
+    -ms-flex-item-align: $value-2011;
+}
+
+// 2011 - flex-line-pack (start | end | center | justify | distribute | stretch)
+// 2012 - align-content (flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | stretch)
+@mixin align-content($value: stretch) {
+
+    $value-2011: $value;
+    @if $value == "flex-start" {
+        $value-2011: start;
+    }    
+
+    @elseif $value == "flex-end" {
+        $value-2011: end;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "space-between" {
+        $value-2011: justify;
+    }
+
+    @elseif $value == "space-around" {
+        $value-2011: distribute;
+    }
+
+    // 2012
+    @include prefixer(align-content, $value, webkit moz spec);
+
+    // 2011 (IE 10)
+    -ms-flex-line-pack: $value-2011;
+}
+

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_font-face.scss

+// Order of the includes matters, and it is: normal, bold, italic, bold+italic.
+
+@mixin font-face($font-family, $file-path, $weight: normal, $style: normal, $asset-pipeline: $asset-pipeline) {
+  @font-face {
+    font-family: $font-family;
+    font-weight: $weight;
+    font-style: $style;
+
+    @if $asset-pipeline == true {
+      src: font-url('#{$file-path}.eot');
+      src: font-url('#{$file-path}.eot?#iefix')          format('embedded-opentype'),
+           font-url('#{$file-path}.woff')                format('woff'),
+           font-url('#{$file-path}.ttf')                 format('truetype'),
+           font-url('#{$file-path}.svg##{$font-family}') format('svg');
+    } @else {
+      src: url('#{$file-path}.eot');
+      src: url('#{$file-path}.eot?#iefix')               format('embedded-opentype'),
+           url('#{$file-path}.woff')                     format('woff'),
+           url('#{$file-path}.ttf')                      format('truetype'),
+           url('#{$file-path}.svg##{$font-family}')      format('svg');
+    }
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_font-feature-settings.scss

+// Font feature settings mixin and property default.
+// Examples: @include font-feature-settings("liga");
+//           @include font-feature-settings("lnum" false);
+//           @include font-feature-settings("pnum" 1, "kern" 0);
+//           @include font-feature-settings("ss01", "ss02");
+
+@mixin font-feature-settings($settings...) {
+  @if length($settings) == 0 { $settings: none; }
+  @include prefixer(font-feature-settings, $settings, webkit moz ms spec);
+}
\ No newline at end of file

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_hidpi-media-query.scss

+// HiDPI mixin. Default value set to 1.3 to target Google Nexus 7 (http://bjango.com/articles/min-device-pixel-ratio/)
+@mixin hidpi($ratio: 1.3) {
+  @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: $ratio),
+  only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: $ratio),
+  only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: #{$ratio}/1),
+  only screen and (min-resolution: #{round($ratio*96)}dpi),
+  only screen and (min-resolution: #{$ratio}dppx) {
+    @content;
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_hyphens.scss

+@mixin hyphens($hyphenation: none) {
+// none | manual | auto
+  @include prefixer(hyphens, $hyphenation, webkit moz ms spec);
+}
\ No newline at end of file

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_image-rendering.scss

+@mixin image-rendering ($mode:auto) {
+
+  @if ($mode == crisp-edges) {
+      -ms-interpolation-mode: nearest-neighbor; // IE8+
+      image-rendering: -moz-crisp-edges;
+      image-rendering: -o-crisp-edges;
+      image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
+      image-rendering: crisp-edges;
+  }
+
+  @else {
+      image-rendering: $mode;
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_keyframes.scss

+// Adds keyframes blocks for supported prefixes, removing redundant prefixes in the block's content
+@mixin keyframes($name) {
+  $original-prefix-for-webkit:    $prefix-for-webkit;
+  $original-prefix-for-mozilla:   $prefix-for-mozilla;
+  $original-prefix-for-microsoft: $prefix-for-microsoft;
+  $original-prefix-for-opera:     $prefix-for-opera;
+  $original-prefix-for-spec:      $prefix-for-spec;
+
+  @if $original-prefix-for-webkit {
+    @include disable-prefix-for-all();
+    $prefix-for-webkit: true !global;
+    @-webkit-keyframes #{$name} {
+      @content;
+    }
+  }
+  @if $original-prefix-for-mozilla {
+    @include disable-prefix-for-all();
+    $prefix-for-mozilla: true !global;
+    @-moz-keyframes #{$name} {
+      @content;
+    }
+  }
+
+  $prefix-for-webkit:    $original-prefix-for-webkit    !global;
+  $prefix-for-mozilla:   $original-prefix-for-mozilla   !global;
+  $prefix-for-microsoft: $original-prefix-for-microsoft !global;
+  $prefix-for-opera:     $original-prefix-for-opera     !global;
+  $prefix-for-spec:      $original-prefix-for-spec      !global;
+
+  @if $original-prefix-for-spec {
+    @keyframes #{$name} {
+      @content;
+    }
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_linear-gradient.scss

+@mixin linear-gradient($pos, $G1, $G2: null,
+                       $G3: null, $G4: null,
+                       $G5: null, $G6: null,
+                       $G7: null, $G8: null,
+                       $G9: null, $G10: null,
+                       $fallback: null) {
+  // Detect what type of value exists in $pos
+  $pos-type: type-of(nth($pos, 1));
+  $pos-spec: null;
+  $pos-degree: null;
+
+  // If $pos is missing from mixin, reassign vars and add default position
+  @if ($pos-type == color) or (nth($pos, 1) == "transparent")  {
+    $G10: $G9; $G9: $G8; $G8: $G7; $G7: $G6; $G6: $G5;
+     $G5: $G4; $G4: $G3; $G3: $G2; $G2: $G1; $G1: $pos;
+     $pos: null;
+  }
+
+  @if $pos {
+    $positions: _linear-positions-parser($pos);
+    $pos-degree: nth($positions, 1);
+    $pos-spec:   nth($positions, 2);
+  }
+
+  $full: $G1, $G2, $G3, $G4, $G5, $G6, $G7, $G8, $G9, $G10;
+
+  // Set $G1 as the default fallback color
+  $fallback-color: nth($G1, 1);
+
+  // If $fallback is a color use that color as the fallback color
+  @if (type-of($fallback) == color) or ($fallback == "transparent") {
+    $fallback-color: $fallback;
+  }
+
+  background-color: $fallback-color;
+  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient($pos-degree $full); // Safari 5.1+, Chrome
+  background-image: unquote("linear-gradient(#{$pos-spec}#{$full})");
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_perspective.scss

+@mixin perspective($depth: none) {
+  // none | <length>
+  @include prefixer(perspective, $depth, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin perspective-origin($value: 50% 50%) {
+  @include prefixer(perspective-origin, $value, webkit moz spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_placeholder.scss

+@mixin placeholder {
+  $placeholders: ":-webkit-input" ":-moz" "-moz" "-ms-input";
+  @each $placeholder in $placeholders {
+    &:#{$placeholder}-placeholder {
+      @content;
+    }
+  }
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_radial-gradient.scss

+// Requires Sass 3.1+
+@mixin radial-gradient($G1,        $G2,
+                       $G3: null, $G4: null,
+                       $G5: null, $G6: null,
+                       $G7: null, $G8: null,
+                       $G9: null, $G10: null,
+                       $pos: null,
+                       $shape-size: null,
+                       $fallback: null) {
+
+  $data: _radial-arg-parser($G1, $G2, $pos, $shape-size);
+  $G1:  nth($data, 1);
+  $G2:  nth($data, 2);
+  $pos: nth($data, 3);
+  $shape-size: nth($data, 4);
+
+  $full: $G1, $G2, $G3, $G4, $G5, $G6, $G7, $G8, $G9, $G10;
+
+  // Strip deprecated cover/contain for spec
+  $shape-size-spec: _shape-size-stripper($shape-size);
+
+  // Set $G1 as the default fallback color
+  $first-color: nth($full, 1);
+  $fallback-color: nth($first-color, 1);
+
+  @if (type-of($fallback) == color) or ($fallback == "transparent") {
+    $fallback-color: $fallback;
+  }
+
+  // Add Commas and spaces
+  $shape-size: if($shape-size, '#{$shape-size}, ', null);
+  $pos:        if($pos, '#{$pos}, ', null);
+  $pos-spec:   if($pos, 'at #{$pos}', null);
+  $shape-size-spec: if(($shape-size-spec != ' ') and ($pos == null), '#{$shape-size-spec}, ', '#{$shape-size-spec} ');
+
+  background-color:  $fallback-color;
+  background-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(unquote(#{$pos}#{$shape-size}#{$full}));
+  background-image: unquote("radial-gradient(#{$shape-size-spec}#{$pos-spec}#{$full})");
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_transform.scss

+@mixin transform($property: none) {
+//  none | <transform-function>
+  @include prefixer(transform, $property, webkit moz ms o spec);
+}
+
+@mixin transform-origin($axes: 50%) {
+// x-axis - left | center | right  | length | %
+// y-axis - top  | center | bottom | length | %
+// z-axis -                          length
+  @include prefixer(transform-origin, $axes, webkit moz ms o spec);
+}
+
+@mixin transform-style ($style: flat) {
+  @include prefixer(transform-style, $style, webkit moz ms o spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_transition.scss

+// Shorthand mixin. Supports multiple parentheses-deliminated values for each variable.
+// Example: @include transition (all 2s ease-in-out);
+//          @include transition (opacity 1s ease-in 2s, width 2s ease-out);
+//          @include transition-property (transform, opacity);
+
+@mixin transition ($properties...) {
+  // Fix for vendor-prefix transform property
+  $needs-prefixes: false;
+  $webkit: ();
+  $moz: ();
+  $spec: ();
+
+  // Create lists for vendor-prefixed transform
+  @each $list in $properties {
+    @if nth($list, 1) == "transform" {
+      $needs-prefixes: true;
+      $list1: -webkit-transform;
+      $list2: -moz-transform;
+      $list3: ();
+
+      @each $var in $list {
+        $list3: join($list3, $var);
+
+        @if $var != "transform" {
+          $list1: join($list1, $var);
+          $list2: join($list2, $var);
+        }
+      }
+
+      $webkit: append($webkit, $list1);
+         $moz: append($moz,    $list2);
+        $spec: append($spec,   $list3);
+    }
+
+    // Create lists for non-prefixed transition properties
+    @else {
+      $webkit:  append($webkit, $list, comma);
+      $moz:     append($moz,    $list, comma);
+      $spec:    append($spec,   $list, comma);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @if $needs-prefixes {
+    -webkit-transition: $webkit;
+       -moz-transition: $moz;
+            transition: $spec;
+  }
+  @else {
+    @if length($properties) >= 1 {
+      @include prefixer(transition, $properties, webkit moz spec);
+    }
+
+    @else {
+      $properties: all 0.15s ease-out 0s;
+      @include prefixer(transition, $properties, webkit moz spec);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+@mixin transition-property ($properties...) {
+   -webkit-transition-property: transition-property-names($properties, 'webkit');
+      -moz-transition-property: transition-property-names($properties, 'moz');
+           transition-property: transition-property-names($properties, false);
+}
+
+@mixin transition-duration ($times...) {
+  @include prefixer(transition-duration, $times, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin transition-timing-function ($motions...) {
+// ease | linear | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | cubic-bezier()
+  @include prefixer(transition-timing-function, $motions, webkit moz spec);
+}
+
+@mixin transition-delay ($times...) {
+  @include prefixer(transition-delay, $times, webkit moz spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/css3/_user-select.scss

+@mixin user-select($arg: none) {
+  @include prefixer(user-select, $arg, webkit moz ms spec);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_assign.scss

+@function assign-inputs($inputs, $pseudo: null) {
+  $list : ();
+
+  @each $input in $inputs {
+    $input: unquote($input);
+    $input: if($pseudo, $input + ":" + $pseudo, $input);
+    $list: append($list, $input, comma);
+  }
+
+  @return $list;
+}
\ No newline at end of file

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_color-lightness.scss

+// Programatically determines whether a color is light or dark
+// Returns a boolean
+// More details here http://robots.thoughtbot.com/closer-look-color-lightness
+
+@function is-light($hex-color) {
+  $-local-red: red(rgba($hex-color, 1.0));
+  $-local-green: green(rgba($hex-color, 1.0));
+  $-local-blue: blue(rgba($hex-color, 1.0));
+
+  $-local-lightness: ($-local-red * 0.2126 + $-local-green * 0.7152 + $-local-blue * 0.0722) / 255;
+
+  @return $-local-lightness > .6;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_flex-grid.scss

+// Flexible grid
+@function flex-grid($columns, $container-columns: $fg-max-columns) {
+  $width: $columns * $fg-column + ($columns - 1) * $fg-gutter;
+  $container-width: $container-columns * $fg-column + ($container-columns - 1) * $fg-gutter;
+  @return percentage($width / $container-width);
+}
+
+// Flexible gutter
+@function flex-gutter($container-columns: $fg-max-columns, $gutter: $fg-gutter) {
+  $container-width: $container-columns * $fg-column + ($container-columns - 1) * $fg-gutter;
+  @return percentage($gutter / $container-width);
+}
+
+// The $fg-column, $fg-gutter and $fg-max-columns variables must be defined in your base stylesheet to properly use the flex-grid function.
+// This function takes the fluid grid equation (target / context = result) and uses columns to help define each.
+//
+// The calculation presumes that your column structure will be missing the last gutter:
+//
+//   -- column -- gutter -- column -- gutter -- column
+//
+//  $fg-column: 60px;             // Column Width
+//  $fg-gutter: 25px;             // Gutter Width
+//  $fg-max-columns: 12;          // Total Columns For Main Container
+//
+//  div {
+//    width: flex-grid(4);        // returns (315px / 995px) = 31.65829%;
+//    margin-left: flex-gutter(); // returns (25px / 995px) = 2.51256%;
+//
+//    p {
+//      width: flex-grid(2, 4);  // returns (145px / 315px) = 46.031746%;
+//      float: left;
+//      margin: flex-gutter(4);  // returns (25px / 315px) = 7.936508%;
+//    }
+//
+//    blockquote {
+//      float: left;
+//      width: flex-grid(2, 4); // returns (145px / 315px) = 46.031746%;
+//    }
+//  }
\ No newline at end of file

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_golden-ratio.scss

+@function golden-ratio($value, $increment) {
+  @return modular-scale($value, $increment, $golden)
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_grid-width.scss

+@function grid-width($n) {
+  @return $n * $gw-column + ($n - 1) * $gw-gutter;
+}
+
+// The $gw-column and $gw-gutter variables must be defined in your base stylesheet to properly use the grid-width function.
+//
+//  $gw-column: 100px;         // Column Width
+//  $gw-gutter: 40px;          // Gutter Width
+//
+//  div {
+//    width: grid-width(4);    // returns 520px;
+//    margin-left: $gw-gutter; // returns 40px;
+//  }

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_modular-scale.scss

+// Scaling Variables
+$golden:           1.618;
+$minor-second:     1.067;
+$major-second:     1.125;
+$minor-third:      1.2;
+$major-third:      1.25;
+$perfect-fourth:   1.333;
+$augmented-fourth: 1.414;
+$perfect-fifth:    1.5;
+$minor-sixth:      1.6;
+$major-sixth:      1.667;
+$minor-seventh:    1.778;
+$major-seventh:    1.875;
+$octave:           2;
+$major-tenth:      2.5;
+$major-eleventh:   2.667;
+$major-twelfth:    3;
+$double-octave:    4;
+
+@function modular-scale($value, $increment, $ratio) {
+  $v1: nth($value, 1);
+  $v2: nth($value, length($value));
+  $value: $v1;
+
+  // scale $v2 to just above $v1
+  @while $v2 > $v1 {
+    $v2: ($v2 / $ratio); // will be off-by-1
+  }
+  @while $v2 < $v1 {
+    $v2: ($v2 * $ratio); // will fix off-by-1
+  }
+
+  // check AFTER scaling $v2 to prevent double-counting corner-case
+  $double-stranded: $v2 > $v1;
+
+  @if $increment > 0 {
+    @for $i from 1 through $increment {
+      @if $double-stranded and ($v1 * $ratio) > $v2 {
+        $value: $v2;
+        $v2: ($v2 * $ratio);
+      } @else {
+        $v1: ($v1 * $ratio);
+        $value: $v1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @if $increment < 0 {
+    // adjust $v2 to just below $v1
+    @if $double-stranded {
+      $v2: ($v2 / $ratio);
+    }
+
+    @for $i from $increment through -1 {
+      @if $double-stranded and ($v1 / $ratio) < $v2 {
+        $value: $v2;
+        $v2: ($v2 / $ratio);
+      } @else {
+        $v1: ($v1 / $ratio);
+        $value: $v1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @return $value;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_px-to-em.scss

+// Convert pixels to ems
+// eg. for a relational value of 12px write em(12) when the parent is 16px
+// if the parent is another value say 24px write em(12, 24)
+
+@function em($pxval, $base: $em-base) {
+  @if not unitless($pxval) {
+      $pxval: strip-units($pxval);
+  }
+  @if not unitless($base) {
+      $base: strip-units($base);
+  }
+  @return ($pxval / $base) * 1em;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_px-to-rem.scss

+// Convert pixels to rems
+// eg. for a relational value of 12px write rem(12)
+// Assumes $em-base is the font-size of <html>
+
+@function rem($pxval) {
+  @if not unitless($pxval) {
+      $pxval: strip-units($pxval);
+  }
+
+  $base: $em-base;
+  @if not unitless($base) {
+      $base: strip-units($base);
+  }
+  @return ($pxval / $base) * 1rem;
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_strip-units.scss

+// Srtips the units from a value. e.g. 12px -> 12
+
+@function strip-units($val) {
+  @return ($val / ($val * 0 + 1));
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_tint-shade.scss

+// Add percentage of white to a color
+@function tint($color, $percent){
+  @return mix(white, $color, $percent);
+}
+
+// Add percentage of black to a color
+@function shade($color, $percent){
+  @return mix(black, $color, $percent);
+}

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_transition-property-name.scss

+// Return vendor-prefixed property names if appropriate
+// Example: transition-property-names((transform, color, background), moz) -> -moz-transform, color, background
+//************************************************************************//
+@function transition-property-names($props, $vendor: false) {
+	$new-props: ();
+	
+	@each $prop in $props {
+		$new-props: append($new-props, transition-property-name($prop, $vendor), comma);
+	}
+
+	@return $new-props;
+}
+
+@function transition-property-name($prop, $vendor: false) {
+	// put other properties that need to be prefixed here aswell
+	@if $vendor and $prop == transform {
+		@return unquote('-'+$vendor+'-'+$prop);
+	}
+	@else {
+		@return $prop;
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/functions/_unpack.scss

+// Convert shorthand to the 4-value syntax
+
+@function unpack($shorthand) {
+  @if length($shorthand) == 1 {
+    @return nth($shorthand, 1) nth($shorthand, 1) nth($shorthand, 1) nth($shorthand, 1);
+  }
+  @else if length($shorthand) == 2 {
+    @return nth($shorthand, 1) nth($shorthand, 2) nth($shorthand, 1) nth($shorthand, 2);
+  }
+  @else if length($shorthand) == 3 {
+    @return nth($shorthand, 1) nth($shorthand, 2) nth($shorthand, 3) nth($shorthand, 2);
+  }
+  @else {
+    @return $shorthand;
+  }
+}
+

lms/static/certificates/sass/utilities/bourbon/helpers/_convert-units.scss

+//************************************************************************//
+// Helper function for str-to-num fn.
+// Source: http://sassmeister.com/gist/9647408
+//************************************************************************//
+@function _convert-units($number, $unit) {
+  $strings: 'px' 'cm' 'mm' '%' 'ch' 'pica' 'in' 'em' 'rem' 'pt' 'pc' 'ex' 'vw' 'vh' 'vmin' 'vmax', 'deg', 'rad', 'grad', 'turn';
+  $units:   1px  1cm  1mm  1%  1ch  1pica  1in  1em  1rem  1pt  1pc  1ex  1vw  1vh  1vmin  1vmax,  1deg,  1rad,  1grad, 1turn;
+  $index: index($strings, $unit);
+
+  @if not $index {
+    @warn "Unknown unit `#{$unit}`.";
+    @return false;
+  }
+  @return $number * nth($units, $index);
+}