index.py

"""
View for Courseware Index
"""

# pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init

import logging
import urllib

from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.context_processors import csrf
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.http import Http404
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_control
from django.views.decorators.csrf import ensure_csrf_cookie
from django.views.generic import View
from opaque_keys.edx.keys import CourseKey
from web_fragments.fragment import Fragment

from edxmako.shortcuts import render_to_response, render_to_string
from lms.djangoapps.courseware.exceptions import CourseAccessRedirect
from lms.djangoapps.experiments.utils import get_experiment_user_metadata_context
from lms.djangoapps.gating.api import get_entrance_exam_score_ratio, get_entrance_exam_usage_key
from lms.djangoapps.grades.new.course_grade_factory import CourseGradeFactory
from openedx.core.djangoapps.crawlers.models import CrawlersConfig
from openedx.core.djangoapps.lang_pref import LANGUAGE_KEY
from openedx.core.djangoapps.monitoring_utils import set_custom_metrics_for_course_key
from openedx.core.djangoapps.user_api.preferences.api import get_user_preference
from openedx.core.djangoapps.waffle_utils import WaffleSwitchNamespace
from openedx.features.course_experience import COURSE_OUTLINE_PAGE_FLAG, default_course_url_name
from openedx.features.course_experience.views.course_sock import CourseSockFragmentView
from openedx.features.enterprise_support.api import data_sharing_consent_required
from shoppingcart.models import CourseRegistrationCode
from student.views import is_course_blocked
from student.models import CourseEnrollment
from util.views import ensure_valid_course_key
from xmodule.modulestore.django import modulestore
from xmodule.x_module import STUDENT_VIEW

from ..access import has_access
from ..access_utils import in_preview_mode, check_course_open_for_learner
from ..courses import get_course_with_access, get_current_child, get_studio_url
from ..entrance_exams import (
    course_has_entrance_exam,
    get_entrance_exam_content,
    user_can_skip_entrance_exam,
    user_has_passed_entrance_exam
)
from ..masquerade import setup_masquerade
from ..model_data import FieldDataCache
from ..module_render import get_module_for_descriptor, toc_for_course
from .views import (
    CourseTabView,
)

log = logging.getLogger("edx.courseware.views.index")

TEMPLATE_IMPORTS = {'urllib': urllib}
CONTENT_DEPTH = 2


class CoursewareIndex(View):
    """
    View class for the Courseware page.
    """
    @method_decorator(login_required)
    @method_decorator(ensure_csrf_cookie)
    @method_decorator(cache_control(no_cache=True, no_store=True, must_revalidate=True))
    @method_decorator(ensure_valid_course_key)
    @method_decorator(data_sharing_consent_required)
    def get(self, request, course_id, chapter=None, section=None, position=None):
        """
        Displays courseware accordion and associated content.  If course, chapter,
        and section are all specified, renders the page, or returns an error if they
        are invalid.

        If section is not specified, displays the accordion opened to the right
        chapter.

        If neither chapter or section are specified, displays the user's most
        recent chapter, or the first chapter if this is the user's first visit.

        Arguments:
            request: HTTP request
            course_id (unicode): course id
            chapter (unicode): chapter url_name
            section (unicode): section url_name
            position (unicode): position in module, eg of <sequential> module
        """
        self.course_key = CourseKey.from_string(course_id)
        self.request = request
        self.original_chapter_url_name = chapter
        self.original_section_url_name = section
        self.chapter_url_name = chapter
        self.section_url_name = section
        self.position = position
        self.chapter, self.section = None, None
        self.course = None
        self.url = request.path

        try:
            set_custom_metrics_for_course_key(self.course_key)
            self._clean_position()
            with modulestore().bulk_operations(self.course_key):
                self.course = get_course_with_access(
                    request.user, 'load', self.course_key,
                    depth=CONTENT_DEPTH,
                    check_if_enrolled=True,
                )
                self.is_staff = has_access(request.user, 'staff', self.course)
                self._setup_masquerade_for_effective_user()
                return self._get(request)
        except Exception as exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
            return CourseTabView.handle_exceptions(request, self.course, exception)

    def _setup_masquerade_for_effective_user(self):
        """
        Setup the masquerade information to allow the request to
        be processed for the requested effective user.
        """
        self.real_user = self.request.user
        self.masquerade, self.effective_user = setup_masquerade(
            self.request,
            self.course_key,
            self.is_staff,
            reset_masquerade_data=True
        )
        # Set the user in the request to the effective user.
        self.request.user = self.effective_user

    def _get(self, request):
        """
        Render the index page.
        """
        self._redirect_if_needed_to_pay_for_course()
        self._prefetch_and_bind_course(request)

        if self.course.has_children_at_depth(CONTENT_DEPTH):
            self._reset_section_to_exam_if_required()
            self.chapter = self._find_chapter()
            self.section = self._find_section()

            if self.chapter and self.section:
                self._redirect_if_not_requested_section()
                self._save_positions()
                self._prefetch_and_bind_section()

        return render_to_response('courseware/courseware.html', self._create_courseware_context(request))

    def _redirect_if_not_requested_section(self):
        """
        If the resulting section and chapter are different from what was initially
        requested, redirect back to the index page, but with an updated URL that includes
        the correct section and chapter values.  We do this so that our analytics events
        and error logs have the appropriate URLs.
        """
        if (
                self.chapter.url_name != self.original_chapter_url_name or
                (self.original_section_url_name and self.section.url_name != self.original_section_url_name)
        ):
            raise CourseAccessRedirect(
                reverse(
                    'courseware_section',
                    kwargs={
                        'course_id': unicode(self.course_key),
                        'chapter': self.chapter.url_name,
                        'section': self.section.url_name,
                    },
                )
            )

    def _clean_position(self):
        """
        Verify that the given position is an integer. If it is not positive, set it to 1.
        """
        if self.position is not None:
            try:
                self.position = max(int(self.position), 1)
            except ValueError:
                raise Http404(u"Position {} is not an integer!".format(self.position))

    def _redirect_if_needed_to_pay_for_course(self):
        """
        Redirect to dashboard if the course is blocked due to non-payment.
        """
        self.real_user = User.objects.prefetch_related("groups").get(id=self.real_user.id)
        redeemed_registration_codes = CourseRegistrationCode.objects.filter(
            course_id=self.course_key,
            registrationcoderedemption__redeemed_by=self.real_user
        )
        if is_course_blocked(self.request, redeemed_registration_codes, self.course_key):
            # registration codes may be generated via Bulk Purchase Scenario
            # we have to check only for the invoice generated registration codes
            # that their invoice is valid or not
            log.warning(
                u'User %s cannot access the course %s because payment has not yet been received',
                self.real_user,
                unicode(self.course_key),
            )
            raise CourseAccessRedirect(reverse('dashboard'))

    def _reset_section_to_exam_if_required(self):
        """
        Check to see if an Entrance Exam is required for the user.
        """
        if not user_can_skip_entrance_exam(self.effective_user, self.course):
            exam_chapter = get_entrance_exam_content(self.effective_user, self.course)
            if exam_chapter and exam_chapter.get_children():
                exam_section = exam_chapter.get_children()[0]
                if exam_section:
                    self.chapter_url_name = exam_chapter.url_name
                    self.section_url_name = exam_section.url_name

    def _get_language_preference(self):
        """
        Returns the preferred language for the actual user making the request.
        """
        language_preference = get_user_preference(self.real_user, LANGUAGE_KEY)
        if not language_preference:
            language_preference = settings.LANGUAGE_CODE
        return language_preference

    def _is_masquerading_as_student(self):
        """
        Returns whether the current request is masquerading as a student.
        """
        return self.masquerade and self.masquerade.role == 'student'

    def _is_masquerading_as_specific_student(self):
        """
        Returns whether the current request is masqueurading as a specific student.
        """
        return self._is_masquerading_as_student() and self.masquerade.user_name

    def _find_block(self, parent, url_name, block_type, min_depth=None):
        """
        Finds the block in the parent with the specified url_name.
        If not found, calls get_current_child on the parent.
        """
        child = None
        if url_name:
            child = parent.get_child_by(lambda m: m.location.name == url_name)
            if not child:
                # User may be trying to access a child that isn't live yet
                if not self._is_masquerading_as_student():
                    raise Http404('No {block_type} found with name {url_name}'.format(
                        block_type=block_type,
                        url_name=url_name,
                    ))
            elif min_depth and not child.has_children_at_depth(min_depth - 1):
                child = None
        if not child:
            child = get_current_child(parent, min_depth=min_depth, requested_child=self.request.GET.get("child"))
        return child

    def _find_chapter(self):
        """
        Finds the requested chapter.
        """
        return self._find_block(self.course, self.chapter_url_name, 'chapter', CONTENT_DEPTH - 1)

    def _find_section(self):
        """
        Finds the requested section.
        """
        if self.chapter:
            return self._find_block(self.chapter, self.section_url_name, 'section')

    def _prefetch_and_bind_course(self, request):
        """
        Prefetches all descendant data for the requested section and
        sets up the runtime, which binds the request user to the section.
        """
        self.field_data_cache = FieldDataCache.cache_for_descriptor_descendents(
            self.course_key,
            self.effective_user,
            self.course,
            depth=CONTENT_DEPTH,
            read_only=CrawlersConfig.is_crawler(request),
        )

        self.course = get_module_for_descriptor(
            self.effective_user,
            self.request,
            self.course,
            self.field_data_cache,
            self.course_key,
            course=self.course,
        )

    def _prefetch_and_bind_section(self):
        """
        Prefetches all descendant data for the requested section and
        sets up the runtime, which binds the request user to the section.
        """
        # Pre-fetch all descendant data
        self.section = modulestore().get_item(self.section.location, depth=None, lazy=False)
        self.field_data_cache.add_descriptor_descendents(self.section, depth=None)

        # Bind section to user
        self.section = get_module_for_descriptor(
            self.effective_user,
            self.request,
            self.section,
            self.field_data_cache,
            self.course_key,
            self.position,
            course=self.course,
        )

    def _save_positions(self):
        """
        Save where we are in the course and chapter.
        """
        save_child_position(self.course, self.chapter_url_name)
        save_child_position(self.chapter, self.section_url_name)

    def _create_courseware_context(self, request):
        """
        Returns and creates the rendering context for the courseware.
        Also returns the table of contents for the courseware.
        """
        course_url_name = default_course_url_name(self.course.id)
        course_url = reverse(course_url_name, kwargs={'course_id': unicode(self.course.id)})

        courseware_context = {
            'csrf': csrf(self.request)['csrf_token'],
            'course': self.course,
            'course_url': course_url,
            'chapter': self.chapter,
            'section': self.section,
            'init': '',
            'fragment': Fragment(),
            'staff_access': self.is_staff,
            'masquerade': self.masquerade,
            'supports_preview_menu': True,
            'studio_url': get_studio_url(self.course, 'course'),
            'xqa_server': settings.FEATURES.get('XQA_SERVER', "http://your_xqa_server.com"),
            'bookmarks_api_url': reverse('bookmarks'),
            'language_preference': self._get_language_preference(),
            'disable_optimizely': not WaffleSwitchNamespace('RET').is_enabled('enable_optimizely_in_courseware'),
            'section_title': None,
            'sequence_title': None,
            'disable_accordion': COURSE_OUTLINE_PAGE_FLAG.is_enabled(self.course.id),
        }
        courseware_context.update(
            get_experiment_user_metadata_context(
                self.course,
                self.effective_user,
            )
        )
        table_of_contents = toc_for_course(
            self.effective_user,
            self.request,
            self.course,
            self.chapter_url_name,
            self.section_url_name,
            self.field_data_cache,
        )
        courseware_context['accordion'] = render_accordion(
            self.request,
            self.course,
            table_of_contents['chapters'],
        )

        courseware_context['course_sock_fragment'] = CourseSockFragmentView().render_to_fragment(
            request, course=self.course)

        # entrance exam data
        self._add_entrance_exam_to_context(courseware_context)

        # staff masquerading data
        if not check_course_open_for_learner(self.effective_user, self.course):
            # Disable student view button if user is staff and
            # course is not yet visible to students.
            courseware_context['disable_student_access'] = True
            courseware_context['supports_preview_menu'] = False

        if self.section:
            # chromeless data
            if self.section.chrome:
                chrome = [s.strip() for s in self.section.chrome.lower().split(",")]
                if 'accordion' not in chrome:
                    courseware_context['disable_accordion'] = True
                if 'tabs' not in chrome:
                    courseware_context['disable_tabs'] = True

            # default tab
            if self.section.default_tab:
                courseware_context['default_tab'] = self.section.default_tab

            # section data
            courseware_context['section_title'] = self.section.display_name_with_default
            section_context = self._create_section_context(
                table_of_contents['previous_of_active_section'],
                table_of_contents['next_of_active_section'],
            )
            courseware_context['fragment'] = self.section.render(STUDENT_VIEW, section_context)
            if self.section.position and self.section.has_children:
                display_items = self.section.get_display_items()
                if display_items:
                    try:
                        courseware_context['sequence_title'] = display_items[self.section.position - 1] \
                            .display_name_with_default
                    except IndexError:
                        log.exception(
                            "IndexError loading courseware for user %s, course %s, section %s, position %d. Total items: %d. URL: %s",
                            self.real_user.username,
                            self.course.id,
                            self.section.display_name_with_default,
                            self.section.position,
                            len(display_items),
                            self.url,
                        )
                        raise
        return courseware_context

    def _add_entrance_exam_to_context(self, courseware_context):
        """
        Adds entrance exam related information to the given context.
        """
        if course_has_entrance_exam(self.course) and getattr(self.chapter, 'is_entrance_exam', False):
            courseware_context['entrance_exam_passed'] = user_has_passed_entrance_exam(self.effective_user, self.course)
            courseware_context['entrance_exam_current_score'] = get_entrance_exam_score_ratio(
                CourseGradeFactory().create(self.effective_user, self.course),
                get_entrance_exam_usage_key(self.course),
            )

    def _create_section_context(self, previous_of_active_section, next_of_active_section):
        """
        Returns and creates the rendering context for the section.
        """
        def _compute_section_url(section_info, requested_child):
            """
            Returns the section URL for the given section_info with the given child parameter.
            """
            return "{url}?child={requested_child}".format(
                url=reverse(
                    'courseware_section',
                    args=[unicode(self.course_key), section_info['chapter_url_name'], section_info['url_name']],
                ),
                requested_child=requested_child,
            )

        section_context = {
            'activate_block_id': self.request.GET.get('activate_block_id'),
            'requested_child': self.request.GET.get("child"),
            'progress_url': reverse('progress', kwargs={'course_id': unicode(self.course_key)}),
        }
        if previous_of_active_section:
            section_context['prev_url'] = _compute_section_url(previous_of_active_section, 'last')
        if next_of_active_section:
            section_context['next_url'] = _compute_section_url(next_of_active_section, 'first')
        # sections can hide data that masquerading staff should see when debugging issues with specific students
        section_context['specific_masquerade'] = self._is_masquerading_as_specific_student()
        return section_context


def render_accordion(request, course, table_of_contents):
    """
    Returns the HTML that renders the navigation for the given course.
    Expects the table_of_contents to have data on each chapter and section,
    including which ones are active.
    """
    context = dict(
        [
            ('toc', table_of_contents),
            ('course_id', unicode(course.id)),
            ('csrf', csrf(request)['csrf_token']),
            ('due_date_display_format', course.due_date_display_format),
        ] + TEMPLATE_IMPORTS.items()
    )
    return render_to_string('courseware/accordion.html', context)


def save_child_position(seq_module, child_name):
    """
    child_name: url_name of the child
    """
    for position, child in enumerate(seq_module.get_display_items(), start=1):
        if child.location.name == child_name:
            # Only save if position changed
            if position != seq_module.position:
                seq_module.position = position
    # Save this new position to the underlying KeyValueStore
    seq_module.save()


def save_positions_recursively_up(user, request, field_data_cache, xmodule, course=None):
    """
    Recurses up the course tree starting from a leaf
    Saving the position property based on the previous node as it goes
    """
    current_module = xmodule

    while current_module:
        parent_location = modulestore().get_parent_location(current_module.location)
        parent = None
        if parent_location:
            parent_descriptor = modulestore().get_item(parent_location)
            parent = get_module_for_descriptor(
                user,
                request,
                parent_descriptor,
                field_data_cache,
                current_module.location.course_key,
                course=course
            )

        if parent and hasattr(parent, 'position'):
            save_child_position(parent, current_module.location.name)

        current_module = parent