Also strip UnsafeProxy off of low level srings and objects to ensure
they don't cause issues later down the road

Fixes #12513

Typo in shell command in example

Python 3: make test_variable_manager_precedence pass

Fixes #12501

Due to the way we're now calculating delegate_to, if that value is based
on a loop variable ('item') we need to calculate all of the possible
delegated_to variables for that loop.

Fixes #12499

There doesn't appear to be anything that actually uses tmp_path in the
connection plugins so we don't need to pass that in to exec_command.
That change also means that we don't need to pass tmp_path around in
many places in the action plugins any more.  there may be more cleanup
that can be done there as well (the action plugin's public run() method
takes tmp as a keyword arg but that may not be necessary).

As a sideeffect of this patch, some potential problems with chmod and
the patch, assemble, copy, and template modules has been fixed (those
modules called _remote_chmod() with the wrong order for their
parameters.  Removing the tmp parameter fixed them.)

And update portions of code to expect the proper error.

Fixes #12512

It's not available on older versions of paramiko such as shipped in RHEL6

Fixes #12477

The process is already gone, so there's not going to be any new data
showing up on its stderr; we only want to make sure that we haven't
missed something that was already written. So polling once is enough.

This change is motivated by an ssh oddity: when ControlPersist is
enabled, the first (i.e. master) connection goes into the background; we
see EOF on its stdout and the process exits, but we never see EOF on its
stderr. So if we ran a command like this:

    ANSIBLE_SSH_PIPELINING=1 ansible -T 30 -vvv somehost -u someuser -m command -a whoami

We would first do select([stdout,stderr], timeout) and read the command
module output, then select([stdout,stderr], timeout) again and read EOF
on stdout, then select([stderr], timeout) AGAIN (though the process has
exited), and select() would wait for the full timeout before returning
rfd=[], and then we would exit. The use of a very short timeout in the
code masked the underlying problem (that we don't see EOF on stderr).

It's always preferable to call select() with a long timeout so that the
process doesn't use any CPU until one of the events it's interested in
happens (and then select will return independent of elapsed time).

(A long timeout value means "if nothing happens, sleep for up to <x>";
omitting the timeout value means "if nothing happens, sleep forever";
specifying a zero timeout means "don't sleep at all", i.e. poll for
events and return immediately.)

This commit uses a long timeout, but explicitly detects the condition
where we've seen EOF on stdout and the process has exited, but we have
not seen EOF on stderr. If and only if that happens, it reruns select()
with a short timeout (in practice it could just exit at that point, but
I chose to be extra cautious). As a result, we end up calling select()
far less often, and use less CPU while waiting, but don't sleep for a
long time waiting for something that will never happen.

Note that we don't omit the timeout to select() altogether because if
we're waiting for an escalation prompt, we DO want to give up with an
error after some time. We also don't set exceptfds, because we're not
actually acting on any notifications of exceptional conditions.

The value was useless -- unused by the callers and always hardcoded to
the empty string.

Add Weekday (0-6) as a number and add weeknumber (00-52)

Also, on Python 3 the stock object.__hash__ raises an error ("unhashable
type"), and we have code that uses Host instances as dict keys.

On Python 2, shlex.split() raises if you pass it a unicode object with
non-ASCII characters in it.  The Ansible codebase copes by explicitly
converting the string using to_bytes() before passing it to
shlex.split().

On Python 3, shlex.split() raises ('bytes' object has no attribute 'read')
if you pass a bytes object.  Oops.

This commit introduces a new wrapper function, shlex_split, that
transparently performs the to_bytes/to_unicode conversions only on
Python 2.

Currently I've only converted one call site (the one that was causing a
unit test to fail on Python 3).  If this approach is deemed suitable,
I'll convert them all.

Fixes #12488

fixes #12495

Fix typo in checking select results

We used to display input chunks earlier anyway, so this isn't making
things more verbose.

It's possible for more than one fd to be set, so 'elif' is obviously not
the right thing to use.

Fix one more failing test on Python 3