Skip to content

A
ansible
Commit 858b6c4e by Michael DeHaan
Options

Restructure the documentation index.

parent ef28d628
Showing with 646 additions and 138 deletions
docsite/latest/rst/contrib.rst deleted 100644 → 0
Ansible Resources
=================
User contributed playbooks, modules, and articles. This is a small
curated list, but growing. Everyone is encouraged to add to this
document, just `edit it on Github <https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/devel/docsite/latest/rst/contrib.rst>`_
and send a pull request!
Ansible Modules
```````````````
Ansible modules are a way of adding new client-side logic to ansible.
They can be written in any language. Generally our goal is to include most modules in core ("batteries included!"),
though a few may remain outside of core depending on use cases and implementations.
- `Official "core" ansible modules <http://www.ansibleworks.com/docs/modules.html>`_ - various
- `Linode <https://github.com/lextoumbourou/ansible-linode>`_ - Lex Toumbourou
- `zypper (bash module example) <https://github.com/jpmens/ansible-zypp>`_ - jp\_mens
- `additional provisioning-related modules <https://github.com/ansible-provisioning>`_ - jhoekx and dagwieers
- `dynamic dns updates <https://github.com/jpmens/ansible-m-dnsupdate>`_ - jp\_mens
- `apk-tools <http://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/bpiotrowski/ansible-apk>`_ - Bartłomiej Piotrowski
All python modules (especially all submitted to core) should use the common "AnsibleModule" class to dramatically reduce the amount of boilerplate code required.
Not all modules above may take advantage of this feature. See the official documentation for more details.
Selected Playbooks
``````````````````
`Playbooks <http://www.ansibleworks.com/docs/playbooks.html>`_ are Ansible's
configuration management language. It should be easy to write your own
from scratch for most applications (we keep the language simple for EXACTLY that reason), but it can
be helpful to look at what others have done for reference and see what is possible.
The ansible-examples repo on github contains some examples of best-practices Ansible content deploying some
full stack workloads:
- `Ansible-Examples <http://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples>`_
And here are some other community-developed playbooks. Feel free to submit a pull request to the docs
to add your own.
- `edX Online <https://github.com/edx/configuration>`_ - `edX Online <http://edx.org>`_
- `Fedora Infrastructure <http://infrastructure.fedoraproject.org/cgit/ansible.git/tree/>`_ - `Fedora <http://fedoraproject.org>`_
- `Hadoop <https://github.com/jkleint/ansible-hadoop>`_ - jkleint
- `LAMP <https://github.com/fourkitchens/server-playbooks>`_ - `Four Kitchens <http://fourkitchens.com>`_
- `LEMP <https://github.com/francisbesset/ansible-playbooks>`_ - francisbesset
- `Ganglia (demo) <https://github.com/mpdehaan/ansible-examples>`_ - mpdehaan
- `Nginx <http://www.capsunlock.net/2012/04/ansible-nginx-playbook.html>`_ - cocoy
- `OpenStack <http://github.com/lorin/openstack-ansible>`_ - lorin
- `Systems Configuration <https://github.com/cegeddin/ansible-contrib>`_ - cegeddin
Callbacks and Plugins
`````````````````````
The Ansible project has a whole repo devoted to extending ansible with
new connection types, logging/event callbacks, and inventory data
storage. Talk to Cobbler and EC2, tweak the way things are logged, or
even add sound effects.
- `Ansible-Plugins <https://github.com/ansible/ansible/tree/devel/plugins>`_
- `Various modules, plugins, and scripts <https://github.com/ginsys/ansible-plugins>`_ sergevanginderachter
Scripts And Misc
````````````````
Ansible isn't just a program, it's also an API. Here's some examples of
some clever integrations with the "Runner" and also Playbook APIs, and
integrations with other interesting pieces of software.
- `Ansible Vagrant plugin <https://github.com/dsander/vagrant-ansible>`_ - dsander
- `Ansible+Vagrant Tutorial <https://github.com/mattupstate/vagrant-ansible-tutorial>`_ - mattupstate -
- `virt-install <http://fedorapeople.org/cgit/skvidal/public_git/scripts.git/tree/ansible/start-prov-boot.py>`_ - skvidal
- `rebooting hosts <http://fedorapeople.org/cgit/skvidal/public_git/scripts.git/tree/ansible/host-reboot>`_ - skvidal
- `uptime (API demo) <https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/devel/examples/scripts/uptime.py>`_ - mpdehaan
- `vim snippet generator <https://github.com/bleader/ansible_snippet_generator>`_ - bleader
Blogs, Videos & Articles
````````````````````````
- `HighScalability.com <http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/18/ansible-a-simple-model-driven-configuration-management-and-c.html>`_ - mpdehaan
- `ColoAndCloud.com interview <http://www.coloandcloud.com/editorial/an-interview-with-ansible-author-michael-dehaan/>`_ - mpdehaan
- `dzone <http://server.dzone.com/articles/ansible-cm-deployment-and-ad>`_ - Mitch Pronschinske
- `Configuration Management With Ansible <http://jpmens.net/2012/06/06/configuration-management-with-ansible/>`_ - jp\_mens
- `Shell Scripts As Ansible Modules <http://jpmens.net/2012/07/05/shell-scripts-as-ansible-modules/>`_ - jp\_mens
- `Ansible Facts <http://jpmens.net/2012/07/15/ansible-it-s-a-fact/>`_ - jp\_mens
- `Infrastructure as Data <http://www.capsunlock.net/2012/04/ansible-infrastructure-as-data-not-infrastructure-as-code.html>`_ - cocoy
- `Ansible Pull Mode <http://www.capsunlock.net/2012/05/using-ansible-pull-and-user-data-to-setup-ec2-or-openstack-servers.html>`_ - cocoy
- `Exploring Configuration Management With Ansible <http://palominodb.com/blog/2012/08/01/exploring-configuration-management-ansible>`_ - Palamino DB
- `You Should Consider Using SSH Based Configuration Management <http://www.lshift.net/blog/2012/07/30/you-should-consider-using-ssh-based-configuration-management>`_ - LShift Ltd
- `Deploying Flask/uWSGI, Nginx, and Supervisorctl <http://mattupstate.github.com/python/devops/2012/08/07/flask-wsgi-application-deployment-with-ubuntu-ansible-nginx-supervisor-and-uwsgi.html>`_ - mattupstate
- `Infracoders Presentation <http://www.danielhall.me/2012/10/ansible-talk-infra-coders/>`_ - Daniel Hall
- `Ansible - an introduction <https://speakerdeck.com/jpmens/ansible-an-introduction>`_ - jp\_mens
- `Using Ansible to setup complex networking - <http://exarv.nl/2013/02/using-ansible-to-setup-complex-networking/>`_ - Robert Verspuy
- `Video presentation to Montreal Linux <http://www.youtube.com/embed/up3ofvQNm8c>`_ - Alexandre Bourget
- `Provisioning CentOS EC2 Instances with Ansible <http://jpmens.net/2012/11/21/provisioning-centos-ec2-instances-with-ansible/>`_ - jp\_mens
Disclaimer
``````````
Modules and playbooks here may not be using the latest in Ansible
features. When in doubt to the features of a particular version of
Ansible, always consult `ansibleworks.com <http://www.ansibleworks.com/>`_ and in
particular see `Best Practices <http://www.ansibleworks.com/docs/bestpractices.html>`_
for some tips and tricks that may be useful.
Ansible is (C) 2012, `Michael DeHaan <http://twitter.com/laserllama>`_
and others and is available under the GPLv3 license. Content here is as
specified by individual contributors.
docsite/latest/rst/index.rst
Ansible Documentation Index
```````````````````````````
Ansible Documentation
`````````````````````
Welcome to the Ansible documentation.
Welcome to the Ansible documentation. This documentation covers the current released
version of Ansible (1.2) and may also reference some development version features.
Ansible is an IT automation tool. It can configure systems, deploy software, and orchestrate more advanced IT orchestration
such as continuous deployments or zero downtime rolling updates.
For the previous released version, see `Ansible 1.1 Docs <http://ansibleworks.com/docs/released/1.1>`_ instead.
Ansibe's goals are foremost those of simplicity and ease of use. It also has a strong focus on security and reliability, featuring
a minimum of moving parts, usage of Open SSH for transport, and a language that is designed around auditability by humans -- even those
not familiar with the program.
This documentation covers the current released version of Ansible (1.3.X) and also some development version features (1.4). For recent features, in each section, the version of Ansible where the feature is added is indicated. Ansible produces a new major release approximately
every 2 months.
Before we dive into playbooks, configuration management, deployment, and orchestration, we'll learn how to get Ansible installed and some
basic information. We'll go over how to execute ad-hoc commands in parallel across your nodes using /usr/bin/ansible. We'll also see
what sort of modules are available in Ansible's core (though you can also write your own, which we'll also show later).
An Introduction
```````````````
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
gettingstarted
patterns
examples
intro_installation
intro_gettingstarted
intro_inventory
intro_inventory_dynamic
intro_patterns
intro_adhoc
modules
Overview
......@@ -28,56 +41,98 @@ Overview
:width: 788px
:height: 436px
An Introduction to Playbooks
````````````````````````````
Playbooks
`````````
Playbooks are Ansible's configuration, deployment, and orchestration language. They can describe a policy you want your remote systems
to enforce, or a set of steps in a general IT process.
Playbooks are Ansible's orchestration language. At a basic level, playbooks can be used to manage configurations and deployments
of remote machines. At a more advanced level, they can sequence multi-tier rollouts involving rolling updates, and can delegate actions
to other hosts, interacting with monitoring servers and load balancers along the way. You can start small and pick up more features
over time as you need them. Playbooks are designed to be human-readable and are developed in a basic text language. There are multiple
At a basic level, playbooks can be used to manage configurations of and deployments to remote machines. At a more advanced level, they can sequence multi-tier rollouts involving rolling updates, and can delegate actions to other hosts, interacting with monitoring servers and load balancers along the way.
There's no need to learn everything at once. You can start small and pick up more features
over time as you need them.
Playbooks are designed to be human-readable and are developed in a basic text language. There are multiple
ways to organize playbooks and the files they include, and we'll offer up some suggestions on that and making the most out of Ansible.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
playbooks
playbooks2
bestpractices
YAMLSyntax
playbooks_roles
playbooks_variables
playbooks_facts
playbooks_loops
playbooks_best_practices
Example Playbooks <https://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples>
Specific Solutions
``````````````````
Special Topics In Playbooks
```````````````````````````
Here are some playbook features that not everyone may need to learn, but can be quite useful for particular applications.
Browsing these topics is recommended as you may find some useful tips here, but feel free to learn Ansible first and adopt
these only if they seem relevant or useful to your environment.
playbooks_acceleration
playbooks_check_mode
playbooks_delegation
playbooks_environment
playbooks_error_handling
playbooks_lookups
playbooks_prompts
playbooks_strategies
Detailed Guides
```````````````
This section is new and evolving. The idea here is explore particular use cases in greater depth and provide a more "top down" explanation
of some basic features.
A chance to dive into some more topics in depth:
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
amazon_web_services
guide_aws
Pending topics may include: Vagrant, Docker, Jenkins, Rackspace Cloud, Google Compute Engine, Linode/Digital Ocean, Continous Deployment,
and more.
Community Information
`````````````````````
Ansible is an open source project designed to bring together developers and administrators of all kinds to collaborate on building
IT automation solutions that work well for them. Should you wish to get more involved -- whether in terms of just asking a question, helping
other users, introducing new people to Ansible, or helping with the software or documentation, we welcome your contributions to the project.
How to interact <https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/devel/CONTRIBUTING.md>
Developer Information
`````````````````````
Learn how to build modules of your own in any language. Explore Ansible's Python API and write Python plugins to integrate
Learn how to build modules of your own in any language, and also how to extend ansible through several kinds of plugins. Explore Ansible's Python API and write Python plugins to integrate
with other solutions in your environment.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
api
moduledev
developers_contributing
developers_code_standards
developers_api
developers_inventory
developers_modules
developers_plugins
developers_callbacks
developers_filters
developers_lookups
developers_transports
developers_modules
REST API <http://ansibleworks.com/ansibleworks-awx>
Miscellaneous
`````````````
`Learn and share neat Ansible tricks on Coderwall <https://coderwall.com/p/t/ansible>`_ - sign-in using GitHub or Twitter to vote on top tips and add your own!
`A list of some Ansible users and quotes about Ansible <http://www.ansibleworks.com/users>`_.
More links:
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
......
docsite/latest/rst/intro_inventory.rst 0 → 100644
.. _patterns:
Inventory & Patterns
====================
Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in
Ansible's inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts.
.. contents::
:depth: 2
.. _inventoryformat:
Hosts and Groups
++++++++++++++++
The format for /etc/ansible/hosts is an INI format and looks like this::
mail.example.com
[webservers]
foo.example.com
bar.example.com
[dbservers]
one.example.com
two.example.com
three.example.com
The things in brackets are group names. You don't have to have them,
but they are useful.
If you have hosts that run on non-standard SSH ports you can put the port number
after the hostname with a colon. Ports listed in any SSH config file won't be read,
so it is important that you set them if things are not running on the default port::
badwolf.example.com:5309
Suppose you have just static IPs and want to set up some aliases that don't live in your host file, or you are connecting through tunnels. You can do things like this::
jumper ansible_ssh_port=5555 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.1.50
In the above example, trying to ansible against the host alias "jumper" (which may not even be a real hostname) will contact 192.168.1.50 on port 5555.
Adding a lot of hosts? In 0.6 and later, if you have a lot of hosts following similar patterns you can do this rather than listing each hostname::
[webservers]
www[01:50].example.com
In 1.0 and later, you can also do this for alphabetic ranges::
[databases]
db-[a:f].example.com
For numeric patterns, leading zeros can be included or removed, as desired. Ranges are inclusive.
In 1.1 and later, you can also select the connection type and user on a per host basis::
[targets]
localhost ansible_connection=local
other1.example.com ansible_connection=ssh ansible_ssh_user=mpdehaan
other2.example.com ansible_connection=ssh ansible_ssh_user=mdehaan
All of these variables can of course also be set outside of the inventory file, in 'host_vars' if you wish
to keep your inventory file simple.
List of Reserved Inventory Parameters
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
As a summary, you can set these parameters as host inventory variables. (Some we have already
mentioned).
ansible_ssh_host
The name of the host to connect to, if different from the alias you wish to give to it.
ansible_ssh_port
The ssh port number, if not 22
ansible_ssh_user
The default ssh user name to use.
ansible_ssh_pass
The ssh password to use (this is insecure, we strongly recommend using --ask-pass or SSH keys)
ansible_connection
Connection type of the host. Candidates are local, ssh or paramiko. The default is paramiko before Ansible 1.2, and 'smart' afterwards which detects whether usage of 'ssh' would be feasible based on whether ControlPersist is supported.
ansible_ssh_private_key_file
Private key file used by ssh. Useful if using multiple keys and you don't want to use SSH agent.
ansible_syslog_facility
The syslog facility to log to.
ansible_python_interpreter
The target host python path. This is userful for systems with more
than one Python or not located at "/usr/bin/python" such as \*BSD, or where /usr/bin/python
is not a 2.X series Python.
ansible\_\*\_interpreter
Works for anything such as ruby or perl and works just like ansible_python_interpreter.
This replaces shebang of modules which will run on that host.
Examples from a host file::
some_host ansible_ssh_port=2222 ansible_ssh_user=manager
aws_host ansible_ssh_private_key_file=/home/example/.ssh/aws.pem
freebsd_host ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/local/bin/python
ruby_module_host ansible_ruby_interpreter=/usr/bin/ruby.1.9.3
Selecting Targets
+++++++++++++++++
We'll go over how to use the command line in :doc:`examples` section, however, basically it looks like this::
ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m <module_name> -a <arguments>
Such as::
ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"
Within :doc:`playbooks`, these patterns can be used for even greater purposes.
Anyway, to use Ansible, you'll first need to know how to tell Ansible which hosts in your inventory file to talk to.
This is done by designating particular host names or groups of hosts.
The following patterns target all hosts in the inventory file::
all
*
Basically 'all' is an alias for '*'. It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts::
one.example.com
one.example.com:two.example.com
192.168.1.50
192.168.1.*
The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted
with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file::
webservers
webservers:dbservers
You can exclude groups as well, for instance, all webservers not in Phoenix::
webservers:!phoenix
You can also specify the intersection of two groups::
webservers:&staging
You can do combinations::
webservers:dbservers:!phoenix:&staging
You can also use variables::
webservers:!{{excluded}}:&{{required}}
Individual host names, IPs and groups, can also be referenced using
wildcards::
*.example.com
*.com
It's also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time::
one*.com:dbservers
And if the pattern starts with a '~' it is treated as a regular expression::
~(web|db).*\.example\.com
Easy enough. See :doc:`examples` and then :doc:`playbooks` for how to do things to selected hosts.
Host Variables
++++++++++++++
It is easy to assign variables to hosts that will be used later in playbooks::
[atlanta]
host1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
host2 http_port=303 maxRequestsPerChild=909
Group Variables
+++++++++++++++
Variables can also be applied to an entire group at once::
[atlanta]
host1
host2
[atlanta:vars]
ntp_server=ntp.atlanta.example.com
proxy=proxy.atlanta.example.com
Groups of Groups, and Group Variables
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
It is also possible to make groups of groups and assign
variables to groups. These variables can be used by /usr/bin/ansible-playbook, but not
/usr/bin/ansible::
[atlanta]
host1
host2
[raleigh]
host2
host3
[southeast:children]
atlanta
raleigh
[southeast:vars]
some_server=foo.southeast.example.com
halon_system_timeout=30
self_destruct_countdown=60
escape_pods=2
[usa:children]
southeast
northeast
southwest
southeast
If you need to store lists or hash data, or prefer to keep host and group specific variables
separate from the inventory file, see the next section.
Splitting Out Host and Group Specific Data
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
.. versionadded:: 0.6
In addition to the storing variables directly in the INI file, host
and group variables can be stored in individual files relative to the
inventory file. These variable files are in YAML format.
Assuming the inventory file path is::
/etc/ansible/hosts
If the host is named 'foosball', and in groups 'raleigh' and 'webservers', variables
in YAML files at the following locations will be made available to the host::
/etc/ansible/group_vars/raleigh
/etc/ansible/group_vars/webservers
/etc/ansible/host_vars/foosball
For instance, suppose you have hosts grouped by datacenter, and each datacenter
uses some different servers. The data in the groupfile '/etc/ansible/group_vars/raleigh' for
the 'raleigh' group might look like::
---
ntp_server: acme.example.org
database_server: storage.example.org
It is ok if these files do not exist, this is an optional feature.
Tip: In Ansible 1.2 or later the group_vars/ and host_vars/ directories can exist in either
the playbook directory OR the inventory directory. If both paths exist, variables in the playbook
directory will be loaded second.
Tip: Keeping your inventory file and variables in a git repo (or other version control)
is an excellent way to track changes to your inventory and host variables.
.. versionadded:: 0.5
If you ever have two python interpreters on a system, or your Python version 2 interpreter is not found
at /usr/bin/python, set an inventory variable called 'ansible_python_interpreter' to the Python
interpreter path you would like to use.
.. seealso::
:doc:`examples`
Examples of basic commands
:doc:`playbooks`
Learning ansible's configuration management language
`Mailing List <http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project>`_
Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups
`irc.freenode.net <http://irc.freenode.net>`_
#ansible IRC chat channel
docsite/latest/rst/intro_patterns.rst 0 → 100644
.. _patterns:
Inventory & Patterns
====================
Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the
same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in
Ansible's inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts.
.. contents::
:depth: 2
.. _inventoryformat:
Hosts and Groups
++++++++++++++++
The format for /etc/ansible/hosts is an INI format and looks like this::
mail.example.com
[webservers]
foo.example.com
bar.example.com
[dbservers]
one.example.com
two.example.com
three.example.com
The things in brackets are group names. You don't have to have them,
but they are useful.
If you have hosts that run on non-standard SSH ports you can put the port number
after the hostname with a colon. Ports listed in any SSH config file won't be read,
so it is important that you set them if things are not running on the default port::
badwolf.example.com:5309
Suppose you have just static IPs and want to set up some aliases that don't live in your host file, or you are connecting through tunnels. You can do things like this::
jumper ansible_ssh_port=5555 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.1.50
In the above example, trying to ansible against the host alias "jumper" (which may not even be a real hostname) will contact 192.168.1.50 on port 5555.
Adding a lot of hosts? In 0.6 and later, if you have a lot of hosts following similar patterns you can do this rather than listing each hostname::
[webservers]
www[01:50].example.com
In 1.0 and later, you can also do this for alphabetic ranges::
[databases]
db-[a:f].example.com
For numeric patterns, leading zeros can be included or removed, as desired. Ranges are inclusive.
In 1.1 and later, you can also select the connection type and user on a per host basis::
[targets]
localhost ansible_connection=local
other1.example.com ansible_connection=ssh ansible_ssh_user=mpdehaan
other2.example.com ansible_connection=ssh ansible_ssh_user=mdehaan
All of these variables can of course also be set outside of the inventory file, in 'host_vars' if you wish
to keep your inventory file simple.
List of Reserved Inventory Parameters
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
As a summary, you can set these parameters as host inventory variables. (Some we have already
mentioned).
ansible_ssh_host
The name of the host to connect to, if different from the alias you wish to give to it.
ansible_ssh_port
The ssh port number, if not 22
ansible_ssh_user
The default ssh user name to use.
ansible_ssh_pass
The ssh password to use (this is insecure, we strongly recommend using --ask-pass or SSH keys)
ansible_connection
Connection type of the host. Candidates are local, ssh or paramiko. The default is paramiko before Ansible 1.2, and 'smart' afterwards which detects whether usage of 'ssh' would be feasible based on whether ControlPersist is supported.
ansible_ssh_private_key_file
Private key file used by ssh. Useful if using multiple keys and you don't want to use SSH agent.
ansible_syslog_facility
The syslog facility to log to.
ansible_python_interpreter
The target host python path. This is userful for systems with more
than one Python or not located at "/usr/bin/python" such as \*BSD, or where /usr/bin/python
is not a 2.X series Python.
ansible\_\*\_interpreter
Works for anything such as ruby or perl and works just like ansible_python_interpreter.
This replaces shebang of modules which will run on that host.
Examples from a host file::
some_host ansible_ssh_port=2222 ansible_ssh_user=manager
aws_host ansible_ssh_private_key_file=/home/example/.ssh/aws.pem
freebsd_host ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/local/bin/python
ruby_module_host ansible_ruby_interpreter=/usr/bin/ruby.1.9.3
Selecting Targets
+++++++++++++++++
We'll go over how to use the command line in :doc:`examples` section, however, basically it looks like this::
ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m <module_name> -a <arguments>
Such as::
ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"
Within :doc:`playbooks`, these patterns can be used for even greater purposes.
Anyway, to use Ansible, you'll first need to know how to tell Ansible which hosts in your inventory file to talk to.
This is done by designating particular host names or groups of hosts.
The following patterns target all hosts in the inventory file::
all
*
Basically 'all' is an alias for '*'. It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts::
one.example.com
one.example.com:two.example.com
192.168.1.50
192.168.1.*
The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted
with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file::
webservers
webservers:dbservers
You can exclude groups as well, for instance, all webservers not in Phoenix::
webservers:!phoenix
You can also specify the intersection of two groups::
webservers:&staging
You can do combinations::
webservers:dbservers:!phoenix:&staging
You can also use variables::
webservers:!{{excluded}}:&{{required}}
Individual host names, IPs and groups, can also be referenced using
wildcards::
*.example.com
*.com
It's also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time::
one*.com:dbservers
And if the pattern starts with a '~' it is treated as a regular expression::
~(web|db).*\.example\.com
Easy enough. See :doc:`examples` and then :doc:`playbooks` for how to do things to selected hosts.
Host Variables
++++++++++++++
It is easy to assign variables to hosts that will be used later in playbooks::
[atlanta]
host1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
host2 http_port=303 maxRequestsPerChild=909
Group Variables
+++++++++++++++
Variables can also be applied to an entire group at once::
[atlanta]
host1
host2
[atlanta:vars]
ntp_server=ntp.atlanta.example.com
proxy=proxy.atlanta.example.com
Groups of Groups, and Group Variables
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
It is also possible to make groups of groups and assign
variables to groups. These variables can be used by /usr/bin/ansible-playbook, but not
/usr/bin/ansible::
[atlanta]
host1
host2
[raleigh]
host2
host3
[southeast:children]
atlanta
raleigh
[southeast:vars]
some_server=foo.southeast.example.com
halon_system_timeout=30
self_destruct_countdown=60
escape_pods=2
[usa:children]
southeast
northeast
southwest
southeast
If you need to store lists or hash data, or prefer to keep host and group specific variables
separate from the inventory file, see the next section.
Splitting Out Host and Group Specific Data
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
.. versionadded:: 0.6
In addition to the storing variables directly in the INI file, host
and group variables can be stored in individual files relative to the
inventory file. These variable files are in YAML format.
Assuming the inventory file path is::
/etc/ansible/hosts
If the host is named 'foosball', and in groups 'raleigh' and 'webservers', variables
in YAML files at the following locations will be made available to the host::
/etc/ansible/group_vars/raleigh
/etc/ansible/group_vars/webservers
/etc/ansible/host_vars/foosball
For instance, suppose you have hosts grouped by datacenter, and each datacenter
uses some different servers. The data in the groupfile '/etc/ansible/group_vars/raleigh' for
the 'raleigh' group might look like::
---
ntp_server: acme.example.org
database_server: storage.example.org
It is ok if these files do not exist, this is an optional feature.
Tip: In Ansible 1.2 or later the group_vars/ and host_vars/ directories can exist in either
the playbook directory OR the inventory directory. If both paths exist, variables in the playbook
directory will be loaded second.
Tip: Keeping your inventory file and variables in a git repo (or other version control)
is an excellent way to track changes to your inventory and host variables.
.. versionadded:: 0.5
If you ever have two python interpreters on a system, or your Python version 2 interpreter is not found
at /usr/bin/python, set an inventory variable called 'ansible_python_interpreter' to the Python
interpreter path you would like to use.
.. seealso::
:doc:`examples`
Examples of basic commands
:doc:`playbooks`
Learning ansible's configuration management language
`Mailing List <http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project>`_
Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups
`irc.freenode.net <http://irc.freenode.net>`_
#ansible IRC chat channel
Markdown is supported
0% or
You are about to add 0 people to the discussion. Proceed with caution.
Finish editing this message first!
Please register or to comment