vmware.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
VMware Inventory Script
=======================

Retrieve information about virtual machines from a vCenter server or
standalone ESX host.  When `group_by=false` (in the INI file), host systems
are also returned in addition to VMs.

This script will attempt to read configuration from an INI file with the same
base filename if present, or `vmware.ini` if not.  It is possible to create
symlinks to the inventory script to support multiple configurations, e.g.:

* `vmware.py` (this script)
* `vmware.ini` (default configuration, will be read by `vmware.py`)
* `vmware_test.py` (symlink to `vmware.py`)
* `vmware_test.ini` (test configuration, will be read by `vmware_test.py`)
* `vmware_other.py` (symlink to `vmware.py`, will read `vmware.ini` since no
  `vmware_other.ini` exists)

The path to an INI file may also be specified via the `VMWARE_INI` environment
variable, in which case the filename matching rules above will not apply.

Host and authentication parameters may be specified via the `VMWARE_HOST`,
`VMWARE_USER` and `VMWARE_PASSWORD` environment variables; these options will
take precedence over options present in the INI file.  An INI file is not
required if these options are specified using environment variables.
'''

from __future__ import print_function

import collections
import json
import logging
import optparse
import os
import sys
import time
import ConfigParser

from six import text_type

# Disable logging message trigged by pSphere/suds.
try:
    from logging import NullHandler
except ImportError:
    from logging import Handler
    class NullHandler(Handler):
        def emit(self, record):
            pass
logging.getLogger('psphere').addHandler(NullHandler())
logging.getLogger('suds').addHandler(NullHandler())

from psphere.client import Client
from psphere.errors import ObjectNotFoundError
from psphere.managedobjects import HostSystem, VirtualMachine, ManagedObject, Network
from suds.sudsobject import Object as SudsObject


class VMwareInventory(object):

    def __init__(self, guests_only=None):
        self.config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser()
        if os.environ.get('VMWARE_INI', ''):
            config_files = [os.environ['VMWARE_INI']]
        else:
            config_files =  [os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]).rstrip('.py') + '.ini', 'vmware.ini']
        for config_file in config_files:
            if os.path.exists(config_file):
                self.config.read(config_file)
                break

        # Retrieve only guest VMs, or include host systems?
        if guests_only is not None:
            self.guests_only = guests_only
        elif self.config.has_option('defaults', 'guests_only'):
            self.guests_only = self.config.getboolean('defaults', 'guests_only')
        else:
            self.guests_only = True

        # Read authentication information from VMware environment variables
        # (if set), otherwise from INI file.
        auth_host = os.environ.get('VMWARE_HOST')
        if not auth_host and self.config.has_option('auth', 'host'):
            auth_host = self.config.get('auth', 'host')
        auth_user = os.environ.get('VMWARE_USER')
        if not auth_user and self.config.has_option('auth', 'user'):
            auth_user = self.config.get('auth', 'user')
        auth_password = os.environ.get('VMWARE_PASSWORD')
        if not auth_password and self.config.has_option('auth', 'password'):
            auth_password = self.config.get('auth', 'password')

        # Create the VMware client connection.
        self.client = Client(auth_host, auth_user, auth_password)

    def _put_cache(self, name, value):
        '''
        Saves the value to cache with the name given.
        '''
        if self.config.has_option('defaults', 'cache_dir'):
            cache_dir = os.path.expanduser(self.config.get('defaults', 'cache_dir'))
            if not os.path.exists(cache_dir):
                os.makedirs(cache_dir)
            cache_file = os.path.join(cache_dir, name)
            with open(cache_file, 'w') as cache:
                json.dump(value, cache)

    def _get_cache(self, name, default=None):
        '''
        Retrieves the value from cache for the given name.
        '''
        if self.config.has_option('defaults', 'cache_dir'):
            cache_dir = self.config.get('defaults', 'cache_dir')
            cache_file = os.path.join(cache_dir, name)
            if os.path.exists(cache_file):
                if self.config.has_option('defaults', 'cache_max_age'):
                    cache_max_age = self.config.getint('defaults', 'cache_max_age')
                else:
                    cache_max_age = 0
                cache_stat = os.stat(cache_file)
                if (cache_stat.st_mtime + cache_max_age) >= time.time():
                    with open(cache_file) as cache:
                        return json.load(cache)
        return default

    def _flatten_dict(self, d, parent_key='', sep='_'):
        '''
        Flatten nested dicts by combining keys with a separator.  Lists with
        only string items are included as is; any other lists are discarded.
        '''
        items = []
        for k, v in d.items():
            if k.startswith('_'):
                continue
            new_key = parent_key + sep + k if parent_key else k
            if isinstance(v, collections.MutableMapping):
                items.extend(self._flatten_dict(v, new_key, sep).items())
            elif isinstance(v, (list, tuple)):
                if all([isinstance(x, basestring) for x in v]):
                    items.append((new_key, v))
            else:
                items.append((new_key, v))
        return dict(items)

    def _get_obj_info(self, obj, depth=99, seen=None):
        '''
        Recursively build a data structure for the given pSphere object (depth
        only applies to ManagedObject instances).
        '''
        seen = seen or set()
        if isinstance(obj, ManagedObject):
            try:
                obj_unicode = text_type(getattr(obj, 'name'))
            except AttributeError:
                obj_unicode = ()
            if obj in seen:
                return obj_unicode
            seen.add(obj)
            if depth <= 0:
                return obj_unicode
            d = {}
            for attr in dir(obj):
                if attr.startswith('_'):
                    continue
                try:
                    val = getattr(obj, attr)
                    obj_info = self._get_obj_info(val, depth - 1, seen)
                    if obj_info != ():
                        d[attr] = obj_info
                except Exception as e:
                    pass
            return d
        elif isinstance(obj, SudsObject):
            d = {}
            for key, val in iter(obj):
                obj_info = self._get_obj_info(val, depth, seen)
                if obj_info != ():
                    d[key] = obj_info
            return d
        elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
            l = []
            for val in iter(obj):
                obj_info = self._get_obj_info(val, depth, seen)
                if obj_info != ():
                    l.append(obj_info)
            return l
        elif isinstance(obj, (type(None), bool, int, long, float, basestring)):
            return obj
        else:
            return ()

    def _get_host_info(self, host, prefix='vmware'):
        '''
        Return a flattened dict with info about the given host system.
        '''
        host_info = {
            'name': host.name,
        }
        for attr in ('datastore', 'network', 'vm'):
            try:
                value = getattr(host, attr)
                host_info['%ss' % attr] = self._get_obj_info(value, depth=0)
            except AttributeError:
                host_info['%ss' % attr] = []
        for k, v in self._get_obj_info(host.summary, depth=0).items():
            if isinstance(v, collections.MutableMapping):
                for k2, v2 in v.items():
                    host_info[k2] = v2
            elif k != 'host':
                host_info[k] = v
        try:
            host_info['ipAddress'] = host.config.network.vnic[0].spec.ip.ipAddress
        except Exception as e:
            print(e, file=sys.stderr)
        host_info = self._flatten_dict(host_info, prefix)
        if ('%s_ipAddress' % prefix) in host_info:
            host_info['ansible_ssh_host'] = host_info['%s_ipAddress' % prefix]
        return host_info

    def _get_vm_info(self, vm, prefix='vmware'):
        '''
        Return a flattened dict with info about the given virtual machine.
        '''
        vm_info = {
            'name': vm.name,
        }
        for attr in ('datastore', 'network'):
            try:
                value = getattr(vm, attr)
                vm_info['%ss' % attr] = self._get_obj_info(value, depth=0)
            except AttributeError:
                vm_info['%ss' % attr] = []
        try:
            vm_info['resourcePool'] = self._get_obj_info(vm.resourcePool, depth=0)
        except AttributeError:
            vm_info['resourcePool'] = ''
        try:
            vm_info['guestState'] = vm.guest.guestState
        except AttributeError:
            vm_info['guestState'] = ''
        for k, v in self._get_obj_info(vm.summary, depth=0).items():
            if isinstance(v, collections.MutableMapping):
                for k2, v2 in v.items():
                    if k2 == 'host':
                        k2 = 'hostSystem'
                    vm_info[k2] = v2
            elif k != 'vm':
                vm_info[k] = v
        vm_info = self._flatten_dict(vm_info, prefix)
        if ('%s_ipAddress' % prefix) in vm_info:
            vm_info['ansible_ssh_host'] = vm_info['%s_ipAddress' % prefix]
        return vm_info

    def _add_host(self, inv, parent_group, host_name):
        '''
        Add the host to the parent group in the given inventory.
        '''
        p_group = inv.setdefault(parent_group, [])
        if isinstance(p_group, dict):
            group_hosts = p_group.setdefault('hosts', [])
        else:
            group_hosts = p_group
        if host_name not in group_hosts:
            group_hosts.append(host_name)

    def _add_child(self, inv, parent_group, child_group):
        '''
        Add a child group to a parent group in the given inventory.
        '''
        if parent_group != 'all':
            p_group = inv.setdefault(parent_group, {})
            if not isinstance(p_group, dict):
                inv[parent_group] = {'hosts': p_group}
                p_group = inv[parent_group]
            group_children = p_group.setdefault('children', [])
            if child_group not in group_children:
                group_children.append(child_group)
        inv.setdefault(child_group, [])

    def get_inventory(self, meta_hostvars=True):
        '''
        Reads the inventory from cache or VMware API via pSphere.
        '''
        # Use different cache names for guests only vs. all hosts.
        if self.guests_only:
            cache_name = '__inventory_guests__'
        else:
            cache_name = '__inventory_all__'

        inv = self._get_cache(cache_name, None)
        if inv is not None:
            return inv

        inv = {'all': {'hosts': []}}
        if meta_hostvars:
            inv['_meta'] = {'hostvars': {}}

        default_group = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]).rstrip('.py')

        if not self.guests_only:
            if self.config.has_option('defaults', 'hw_group'):
                hw_group = self.config.get('defaults', 'hw_group')
            else:
                hw_group = default_group + '_hw'

        if self.config.has_option('defaults', 'vm_group'):
            vm_group = self.config.get('defaults', 'vm_group')
        else:
            vm_group = default_group + '_vm'

        if self.config.has_option('defaults', 'prefix_filter'):
            prefix_filter = self.config.get('defaults', 'prefix_filter')
        else:
            prefix_filter = None

        # Loop through physical hosts:
        for host in HostSystem.all(self.client):

            if not self.guests_only:
                self._add_host(inv, 'all', host.name)
                self._add_host(inv, hw_group, host.name)
                host_info = self._get_host_info(host)
                if meta_hostvars:
                    inv['_meta']['hostvars'][host.name] = host_info
                self._put_cache(host.name, host_info)

            # Loop through all VMs on physical host.
            for vm in host.vm:
                if prefix_filter:
                    if vm.name.startswith( prefix_filter ):
                        continue
                self._add_host(inv, 'all', vm.name)
                self._add_host(inv, vm_group, vm.name)
                vm_info = self._get_vm_info(vm)
                if meta_hostvars:
                    inv['_meta']['hostvars'][vm.name] = vm_info
                self._put_cache(vm.name, vm_info)

                # Group by resource pool.
                vm_resourcePool = vm_info.get('vmware_resourcePool', None)
                if vm_resourcePool:
                    self._add_child(inv, vm_group, 'resource_pools')
                    self._add_child(inv, 'resource_pools', vm_resourcePool)
                    self._add_host(inv, vm_resourcePool, vm.name)

                # Group by datastore.
                for vm_datastore in vm_info.get('vmware_datastores', []):
                    self._add_child(inv, vm_group, 'datastores')
                    self._add_child(inv, 'datastores', vm_datastore)
                    self._add_host(inv, vm_datastore, vm.name)

                # Group by network.
                for vm_network in vm_info.get('vmware_networks', []):
                    self._add_child(inv, vm_group, 'networks')
                    self._add_child(inv, 'networks', vm_network)
                    self._add_host(inv, vm_network, vm.name)

                # Group by guest OS.
                vm_guestId = vm_info.get('vmware_guestId', None)
                if vm_guestId:
                    self._add_child(inv, vm_group, 'guests')
                    self._add_child(inv, 'guests', vm_guestId)
                    self._add_host(inv, vm_guestId, vm.name)

                # Group all VM templates.
                vm_template = vm_info.get('vmware_template', False)
                if vm_template:
                    self._add_child(inv, vm_group, 'templates')
                    self._add_host(inv, 'templates', vm.name)

        self._put_cache(cache_name, inv)
        return inv

    def get_host(self, hostname):
        '''
        Read info about a specific host or VM from cache or VMware API.
        '''
        inv = self._get_cache(hostname, None)
        if inv is not None:
            return inv

        if not self.guests_only:
            try:
                host = HostSystem.get(self.client, name=hostname)
                inv = self._get_host_info(host)
            except ObjectNotFoundError:
                pass

        if inv is None:
            try:
                vm = VirtualMachine.get(self.client, name=hostname)
                inv = self._get_vm_info(vm)
            except ObjectNotFoundError:
                pass

        if inv is not None:
            self._put_cache(hostname, inv)
        return inv or {}


def main():
    parser = optparse.OptionParser()
    parser.add_option('--list', action='store_true', dest='list',
                      default=False, help='Output inventory groups and hosts')
    parser.add_option('--host', dest='host', default=None, metavar='HOST',
                      help='Output variables only for the given hostname')
    # Additional options for use when running the script standalone, but never
    # used by Ansible.
    parser.add_option('--pretty', action='store_true', dest='pretty',
                      default=False, help='Output nicely-formatted JSON')
    parser.add_option('--include-host-systems', action='store_true',
                      dest='include_host_systems', default=False,
                      help='Include host systems in addition to VMs')
    parser.add_option('--no-meta-hostvars', action='store_false',
                      dest='meta_hostvars', default=True,
                      help='Exclude [\'_meta\'][\'hostvars\'] with --list')
    options, args = parser.parse_args()

    if options.include_host_systems:
        vmware_inventory = VMwareInventory(guests_only=False)
    else:
        vmware_inventory = VMwareInventory()
    if options.host is not None:
        inventory = vmware_inventory.get_host(options.host)
    else:
        inventory = vmware_inventory.get_inventory(options.meta_hostvars)

    json_kwargs = {}
    if options.pretty:
        json_kwargs.update({'indent': 4, 'sort_keys': True})
    json.dump(inventory, sys.stdout, **json_kwargs)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()