<li><a href="javascript:goto_page(9)"> Contents ix </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(1)"> Preamble i </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(1)"> Comments on the Book i</a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(4)"> About the Authors iv</a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(7)"> Dedication vii</a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(19)"> Preface xix </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(19)"> Approach xix </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(21)"> Overview xxi </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(23)"> Course Organization xxiii </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(23)"> Web Supplements xxiii </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(24)"> Acknowledgments xxiv </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(27)"> 1 The Circuit Abstraction 3 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(27)"> 1.1 The Power of Abstraction 3 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(29)"> 1.2 The Lumped Circuit Abstraction 4 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(33)"> 1.3 The Lumped Matter Discipline 9 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(37)"> 1.4 Limitations of the Lumped Circuit Abstraction 13 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(39)"> 1.5 Practical Two-Terminal Elements 15 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(40)"> 1.5.1 Batteries 16 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(42)"> 1.5.2 Linear Resistors 18 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(49)"> 1.5.3 Associated Variables Convention 25 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(53)"> 1.6 Ideal Two-Terminal Elements 29 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(54)"> 1.6.1 Ideal Voltage Sources, Wires and Resistors 30 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(56)"> 1.6.2 Element Laws 32 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(57)"> 1.6.3 The Current Source 33 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(60)"> 1.7 Modeling Physical Elements 36 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(64)"> 1.8 Signal Representation 40 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(65)"> 1.8.1 Analog Signals 41 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(66)"> 1.8.3 Digital Signals 42 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(70)"> 1.9 Summary 46 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(77)"> 2 Resistive Networks 53 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(78)"> 2.1 Terminology 54 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(79)"> 2.2 Kirchhoff's Laws 55 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(80)"> 2.2.1 KCL 56 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(84)"> 2.2.1 KVL 60 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(90)"> 2.3 Circuit Analysis: Basic Method 66 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(91)"> 2.3.1 Single-Resistor Circuits 67 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(94)"> 2.3.2 Quick Intuitive Analysis of Single-Resistor Circuits 70 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(95)"> 2.3.3 Energy Conservation 71 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(97)"> 2.3.4 Voltage and Current Dividers 73 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(99)"> 2.3.4.1 Voltage Dividers 73 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(100)"> 2.3.4.2 Resistors in Series 76 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(104)"> 2.3.4.3 Current Dividers 80 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(108)"> 2.3.4.4 Resistors in Parallel 82 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(108)"> 2.3.5 A More Complex Circuit 84 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(113)"> 2.4 Intuitive Method of Circuit Analysis 89 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(119)"> 2.5 More Examples 95 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(122)"> 2.6 Dependent Sources and the Control Concept 98 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(126)"> 2.6.1 Circuits with Dependent Sources 102 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(131)"> 2.7 A Formulation Suitable for a Computer Solution * 107 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(132)"> 2.8 Summary 108 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(143)"> 3 Network Theorems 119 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(143)"> 3.1 Introduction 119 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(143)"> 3.2 The Node Voltage 119 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(149)"> 3.3 The Node Method 125 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(154)"> 3.3.1 Node Method: A Second Example 130 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(159)"> 3.3.2 Floating Independent Voltage Sources 135 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(163)"> 3.3.3 Dependent Sources and the Node Method 139 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(169)"> 3.3.4 The Conductance and Source Matrices * 145 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(169)"> 3.4 Loop Method * 145 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(169)"> 3.5 Superposition 145 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(176)"> 3.5.1 Superposition Rules for Dependent Sources 152 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(182)"> 3.6 Thevenin's Theorem and Norton's Theorem 158 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(182)"> 3.6.1 The Thevenin Equivalent Network 158 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(192)"> 3.6.2 The Norton Equivalent Network 168 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(195)"> 3.6.3 More Examples 171 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(201)"> 3.7 Summary 177 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(217)"> 4 Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits 193 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(217)"> 4.1 Introduction to Nonlinear Elements 193 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(221)"> 4.2 Analytical Solutions 197 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(227)"> 4.3 Graphical Analysis 203 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(230)"> 4.4 Piecewise Linear Analysis 206 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(238)"> 4.4.1 Improved Piecewise Linear Models for Nonlinear Elements * 214 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(238)"> 4.5 Incremental Analysis 214 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(253)"> 4.6 Summary 229 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(267)"> 5 The Digital Abstraction 243 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(269)"> 5.1 Voltage Levels and the Static Discipline 245 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(256+24)"> 5.2 Boolean Logic 256 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(258+24)"> 5.3 Combinational Gates 258 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(261+24)"> 5.4 Standard Sum-of-Products Representation 261 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(262+24)"> 5.5 Simplifying Logic Expressions * 262 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(267+24)"> 5.6 Number Representation 267 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(274+24)"> 5.7 Summary 274 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(285+24)"> 6 The MOSFET Switch 285 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(285+24)"> 6.1 The Switch 285 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(288+24)"> 6.2 Logic Functions Using Switches 288 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(298+24)"> 6.3 The MOSFET Device and Its S Model 298 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(291+24)"> 6.4 MOSFET Switch Implementation of Logic Gates 291 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(296+24)"> 6.5 Static Analysis Using the S Model 296 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(300+24)"> 6.6 The SR Model of the MOSFET 300 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(301+24)"> 6.7 Physical Structure of the MOSFET * 301 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(306+24)"> 6.8 Static Analysis Using the SR Model 306 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(311+24)"> 6.8.1 Static Analysis of the NAND Gate Using the SR Model 311 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(314+24)"> 6.9 Signal Restoration 314 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(314+24)"> 6.9.1 Signal Restoration and Gain 314 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(317+24)"> 6.9.2 Signal Restoration and Nonlinearity 317 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(318+24)"> 6.9.3 Buffer Characteristics and the Static Discipline 318 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(319+24)"> 6.9.4 Inverter Transfer Characteristics and the Static Discipline 319 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(320+24)"> 6.10 Power Consumption in Logic Gates 320 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(321+24)"> 6.11 Active Pullups 321 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(322+24)"> 6.12 Summary 322 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(331+24)"> 7 The MOSFET Amplifier 331 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(332+24)"> 7.1 Signal Amplification 332 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(332+24)"> 7.2 Review of Dependent Sources 332 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(335+24)"> 7.3 Actual MOSFET Characteristics 335 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(340+24)"> 7.4 The Switch Current Source (SCS) MOSFET Model 340 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(344+24)"> 7.5 The MOSFET Amplifier 344 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(349+24)"> 7.5.1 Biasing the MOSFET Amplifier 349 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(352+24)"> 7.5.2 The Amplifier Abstraction and the Saturation Discipline 352 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(353+24)"> 7.6 Large Signal Analysis of the MOSFET Amplifier 353 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(353+24)"> 7.6.1 v_IN versus v_OUT in the Saturation Region 353 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(356+24)"> 7.6.2 Valid Input and Output Voltage Ranges 356 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(363+24)"> 7.6.3 Alternative Method for Valid Input and Output Voltage Ranges 363 </a>z </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(385+24)"> 7.7 Operating Point Selection 385 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(386+24)"> 7.8 Switch Unified (SU) MOSFET Model * 386 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(389+24)"> 7.9 Summary 389 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(405+24)"> 8 The Small Signal Model 405 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(405+24)"> 8.1 Overview of the Nonlinear MOSFET Amplifier 405 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(405+24)"> 8.2 The Small Signal Model 405 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(413+24)"> 8.2.1 Small Signal Circuit Representation 413 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(418+24)"> 8.3.2 Small Signal Circuit for the MOSFET Amplifier 418 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(420+24)"> 8.2.3 Selecting an Operating Point 420 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(423+24)"> 8.2.4 Input and Output Resistance, Current and Power Gain 423 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(447+24)"> 8.3 Summary 447 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(457+24)"> 9 Energy Storage Elements 457 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(461+24)"> 1-Sep Constitutive Laws 461 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(461+24)"> 9.1.1 Capacitors 461 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(466+24)"> 9.1.2 Inductors 466 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(470+24)"> 9.2 Series & Parallel Connections 470 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(471+24)"> 9.2.1 Capacitors 471 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(472+24)"> 9.2.2 Inductors 472 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(473+24)"> 9.3 Special Examples 473 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(473+24)"> 9.3.1 MOSFET Gate Capacitance 473 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(476+24)"> 9.3.2 Wiring Loop Inductance 476 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(477+24)"> 9.3.3 IC Wiring Capacitance and Inductance 477 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(478+24)"> 9.3.4 Transformers * 478 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(480+24)"> 9.4 Simple Circuit Examples 480 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(482+24)"> 9.4.1 Sinusoidal Inputs * 482 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(482+24)"> 9.4.2 Step Inputs 482 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(488+24)"> 9.4.3 Impulse Inputs 488 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(489+24)"> 9.4.4 Role Reversal * 489 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(489+24)"> 9.5 Energy, Charge and Flux Conservation 489 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(492+24)"> 9.6 Summary 492 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(503+24)"> 10 First-order Transients 503 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(504+24)"> 10.1.1 Analysis of RC Circuits 504 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(504+24)"> 10.1.2 Parallel RC Circuit, Step Input 504 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(509+24)"> 10.1.3 RC Discharge Transient 509 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(511+24)"> 10.1.4 Series RC Circuit, Step Input 511 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(515+24)"> 10.2 Series RC Circuit, Square Wave Input 515 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(517+24)"> 10.2.1 Analysis of RL Circuits 517 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(517+24)"> 10.3 Series RL Circuit, Step Input 517 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(520+24)"> 10.4 Intuitive Analysis 520 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(525+24)"> 10.4.1 Propagation Delay and the Digital Abstraction 525 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(527+24)"> 10.4.2 Definitions 527 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(529+24)"> 10.5 Computing t_pd from the SRC MOSFET Model 529 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(538+24)"> 10.5.1 State and State Variables * 538 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(538+24)"> 10.5.2 The Concept of State 538 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(540+24)"> 10.5.3 Computer Analysis using the State Equation 540 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(541+24)"> 10.5.4 Zero-input and Zero-state Response 541 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(544+24)"> 10.6 Solution by Integrating Factors* 544 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(545+24)"> 10.6.1 Additional Examples 545 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(545+24)"> 10.6.2 Effect of Wire Inductance in Digital Circuits 545 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(545+24)"> 10.6.3 Ramp Inputs and Linearity 545 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(550+24)"> 10.6.4 Response of an RC Circuit to Short Pulses and the Impulse Response 550 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(553+24)"> 10.6.5 Intuitive Method for the Impulse Response 553 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(554+24)"> 10.6.6 Clock Signals and Clock Fanout 554 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(558+24)"> 10.6.7 RC Response to Decaying Exponential * 558 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(558+24)"> 10.7 Series RL Circuit with Sinewave Input 558 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(561+24)"> 10.7.1 Digital Memory 561 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(561+24)"> 10.7.2 The Concept of Digital State 561 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(562+24)"> 10.7.3 An Abstract Digital Memory Element 562 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(563+24)"> 10.7.4 Design of the Digital Memory Element 563 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(567+24)"> 10.7.5 A Static Memory Element 567 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(568+24)"> 10.8 Summary 568 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(595+24)"> 11 Energy and Power in Digital Circuits 595 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(595+24)"> 11.1 Power and Energy Relations for a Simple RC Circuit 595 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(597+24)"> 11.2 Average Power in an RC Circuit 597 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(599+24)"> 11.2.1 Energy Dissipated during Interval T_1 599 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(601+24)"> 11.2.2 Energy Dissipated during Interval T_2 601 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(603+24)"> 11.2.3 Total Energy Dissipated 603 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(604+24)"> 11.3 Power Dissipation in Logic Gates 604 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(604+24)"> 11.3.1 Static Power Dissipation 604 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(605+24)"> 11.3.2 Total Power Dissipation 605 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(611+24)"> 11.4 NMOS Logic 611 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(611+24)"> 11.5 CMOS Logic 611 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(616+24)"> 11.5.1 CMOS Logic Gate Design 616 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(618+24)"> 11.6 Summary 618 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(625+24)"> 12 Transients in Second Order Circuits 625 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(627+24)"> 12.1 Undriven LC Circuit 627 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(640+24)"> 12.2 Undriven, Series RLC Circuit 640 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(644+24)"> 12.2.1 Under-Damped Dynamics 644 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(648+24)"> 12.2.2 Over-Damped Dynamics 648 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(649+24)"> 12.2.3 Critically-Damped Dynamics 649 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(651+24)"> 12.3 Stored Energy in Transient, Series RLC Circuit 651 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(654+24)"> 12.4 Undriven, Parallel RLC Circuit * 654 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(654+24)"> 12.4.1 Under-Damped Dynamics 654 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(654+24)"> 12.4.2 Over-Damped Dynamics 654 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(654+24)"> 12.4.3 Critically-Damped Dynamics 654 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(654+24)"> 12.5 Driven, Series RLC Circuit 654 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(657+24)"> 12.5.1 Step Response 657 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(661+24)"> 12.5.2 Impulse Response * 661 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(678+24)"> 12.6 Driven, Parallel RLC Circuit * 678 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(678+24)"> 12.6.1 Step Response 678 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(678+24)"> 12.6.2 Impulse Response 678 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(678+24)"> 12.7 Intuitive Analysis of Second-Order Circuits 678 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(684+24)"> 12.8 Two-Capacitor Or Two-Inductor Circuits 684 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(689+24)"> 12.9 State-Variable Method * 689 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(691+24)"> 12.10 State-Space Analysis * 691 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(691+24)"> 12.10.1 Numerical Solution * 691 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(691+24)"> 12.11 Higher-Order Circuits* 691 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(692+24)"> 12.12 Summary 692 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(703+24)"> 13 Sinusoidal Steady State 703 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(703+24)"> 13.1 Introduction 703 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(706+24)"> 13.2 Analysis using Complex Exponential Drive 706 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(706+24)"> 13.2.1 Homogeneous Solution 706 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(707+24)"> 13.2.2 Particular Solution 707 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(710+24)"> 13.2.3 Complete Solution 710 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(710+24)"> 13.2.4 Sinusoidal Steady State Response 710 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(712+24)"> 13.3 The Boxes: Impedance 712 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(718+24)"> 13.3.1 Example: Series RL Circuit 718 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(722+24)"> 13.3.2 Example: Another RC Circuit 722 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(724+24)"> 13.3.3 Example: RC Circuit with Two Capacitors 724 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(729+24)"> 13.3.4 Example: Analysis of Small Signal Amplifier with Capacitive Load 729 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(731+24)"> 13.4 Frequency Response: Magnitude/Phase vs. Frequency 731 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(732+24)"> 13.4.1 Frequency Response of Capacitors, Inductor 732 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(737+24)"> 13.4.2 Intuitively Sketching th 737 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(741+24)"> 13.4.3 The Bode Plot: Sketching the Frequency Response of General Functions * 741 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(742+24)"> 13.5 Filters 742 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(744+24)"> 13.5.1 Filter Design Example: Crossover Network 744 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(746+24)"> 13.5.2 Decoupling Amplifier Stages 746 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(751+24)"> 13.6 Time Domain 751 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(751+24)"> 13.6.1 Frequency Domain Analysis 751 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(754+24)"> 13.6.2 Time Domain Analysis 754 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(756+24)"> 13.6.3 Comparing Time Domain and Frequency Domain Analyses 756 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(757+24)"> 13.7 Power and Energy in an Impedance 757 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(758+24)"> 13.7.1 Arbitrary Impedance 758 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(760+24)"> 13.7.2 Pure Resistance 760 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(761+24)"> 13.7.3 Pure Reactance 761 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(763+24)"> 13.7.4 Example: Power in an RC Circuit 763 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(765+24)"> 13.8 Summary 765 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(777+24)"> 14 Sinusoidal Steady State: Resonance 777 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(777+24)"> 14.1 Parallel RLC, Sinusoidal Response 777 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(778+24)"> 14.1.1 Homogeneous Solution 778 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(780+24)"> 14.1.2 Particular Solution 780 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(781+24)"> 14.1.3 Total Solution for the Parallel RLC Circuit 781 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(783+24)"> 14.2 Frequency Response for Resonant Systems 783 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(792+24)"> 14.2.1 The Resonant Region of the Frequency Response 792 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(801+24)"> 14.3 Series RLC 801 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(808+24)"> 14.4 The Bode Plot for Resonant Functions * 808 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(808+24)"> 14.5 Filter Examples 808 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(809+24)"> 14.5.1 Bandpass Filter 809 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(810+24)"> 14.5.2 Lowpass Filter 810 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(812+24)"> 14.5.3 Highpass Filter 812 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(815+24)"> 14.5.4 Notch Filter 815 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(816+24)"> 14.6 Stored Energy in a Resonant Circuit 816 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(821+24)"> 14.7 Summary 821 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(837+24)"> 15 The Operational Amplifier Abstraction 837 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(837+24)"> 15.1 Introduction 837 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(838+24)"> 15.1.1 Historical Perspective 838 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(839+24)"> 15.2 Device Properties of the Operational Amplifier 839 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(839+24)"> 15.2 The Op Amp Model 839 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(842+24)"> 15.3 Simple Op Amp Circuits 842 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(842+24)"> 15.3.1 The Non-inverting Op Amp 842 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(844+24)"> 15.3.2 A Second Example: The Inverting Connection 844 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(846+24)"> 15.3.3 Sensitivity 846 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(847+24)"> 15.3.4 A Special Case: The Voltage Follower 847 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(848+24)"> 15.3.5 An Additional Constraint: v+ - v- ~ 0 848 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(849+24)"> 15.4 Input and Output Resistances 849 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(849+24)"> 15.4.1 Output Resistance, Inverting Op Amp 849 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(851+24)"> 15.4.2 Input Resistance, Inverting Connection 851 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(853+24)"> 15.4.3 Input and Output R for Non-Inverting Op Amp 853 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(855+24)"> 15.4.4 Generalization on Input Resistance * 855 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(855+24)"> 15.4.5 Example: Op Amp Current Source 855 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(857+24)"> 15.5 Additional Examples 857 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(858+24)"> 15.5.1 Adder 858 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(858+24)"> 15.5.2 Subtracter 858 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(859+24)"> 15.6 Op Amp RC Circuits 859 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(859+24)"> 15.6.1 Op Amp Integrator 859 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(862+24)"> 15.6.2 Op Amp Differentiator 862 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(863+24)"> 15.6.3 An RC Active Filter 863 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(865+24)"> 15.6.4 The RC Active Filter -- Impedance Analysis 865 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(866+24)"> 15.6.5 Sallen-Key Filter 866 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(866+24)"> 15.7 Op Amp in Saturation 866 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(867+24)"> 15.7.1 Op Amp Integrator in Saturation 867 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(869+24)"> 15.8 Positive Feedback 869 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(869+24)"> 15.8.1 RC Oscillator 869 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(872+24)"> 15.9 Two-ports* 872 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(873+24)"> 15.10 Summary 873 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(905+24)"> 16 Diodes 905 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(905+24)"> 16.1 Introduction 905 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(905+24)"> 16.2 Semiconductor Diode Characteristics 905 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(908+24)"> 16.3 Analysis of Diode Circuits 908 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(908+24)"> 16.3.1 Method of Assumed States 908 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(912+24)"> 16.4 Nonlinear Analysis with RL and RC 912 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(912+24)"> 16.4.1 Peak Detector 912 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(915+24)"> 16.4.2 Example: Clamping Circuit 915 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(918+24)"> 16.4.3 A Switched Power Supply Using a Diode 918 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(918+24)"> 16.5 Additional Examples 918 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(918+24)"> 16.5.1 Piecewise Linear Example: Clipping Circuit 918 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(918+24)"> 16.5.2 Exponentiation Circuit 918 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(918+24)"> 16.5.3 Piecewise Linear Example: Limiter 918 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(918+24)"> 16.5.4 Example: Full-Wave Diode Bridge 918 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(918+24)"> 16.5.5 Incremental Example: Zener Diode Regulator 918 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(918+24)"> 16.5.6 Incremental Example: Diode Attenuator 918 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(919+24)"> 16.6 Summary 919 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(927+24)"> A1 Maxwell's Equations and the LMD 927 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(927+24)"> A.1 The Lumped Matter Discipline 927 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(927+24)"> A.1.1 The First Constraint of the Lumped Matter Discipline 927 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(930+24)"> A.1.2 The Second Constraint of the Lumped Matter Discipline 930 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(932+24)"> A.1.3 The Third Constraint of the Lumped Matter Discipline 932 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(933+24)"> A.1.4 The Lumped Matter Discipline Applied to Circuits 933 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(934+24)"> A.2 Deriving Kirchhoff's Laws 934 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(936+24)"> A.3 Deriving the Resistance of a Piece of Material 936 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(941+24)"> B Trigonometric Functions & Identities 941 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(941+24)"> B.1 Negative Arguments 941 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(942+24)"> B.2 Phase-Shifted Arguments 942 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(942+24)"> B.3 Sum and Difference Arguments 942 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(943+24)"> B.4 Products 943 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(943+24)"> B.5 Half-Angle & Twice-Angle Arguments 943 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(943+24)"> B.6 Squares 943 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(943+24)"> B.7 Miscellaneous 943 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(944+24)"> B.8 Taylor Series Expansions 944 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(944+24)"> B.9 Relations to e^j\theta 944 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(947+24)"> C Complex Numbers 947 </a> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(947+24)"> C.1 Magnitude and Phase 947 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(948+24)"> C.2 Polar Representation 948 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(949+24)"> C.3 Addition and Subtraction 949 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(949+24)"> C.4 Multiplication and Division 949 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(950+24)"> C.5 Complex Conjugate 950 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(951+24)"> C.6 Properties of e^j\theta 951 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(951+24)"> C.7 Rotation 951 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(952+24)"> C.8 Complex Functions of Time 952 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(952+24)"> C.9 Numerical Examples 952 </a> </ul> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(957+24)"> D Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations 957 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(959+24)"> Answers to Selected Problems 959 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(971+24)"> Figure Acknowledgments 971 </a> <li><a href="javascript:goto_page(973+24)"> Index 973 </a>