""" This file contains (or should), all access control logic for the courseware. Ideally, it will be the only place that needs to know about any special settings like DISABLE_START_DATES. Note: The access control logic in this file does NOT check for enrollment in a course. It is expected that higher layers check for enrollment so we don't have to hit the enrollments table on every module load. If enrollment is to be checked, use get_course_with_access in courseware.courses. It is a wrapper around has_access that additionally checks for enrollment. """ from datetime import datetime, timedelta import logging import pytz from django.conf import settings from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser from django.utils.timezone import UTC from opaque_keys.edx.keys import CourseKey, UsageKey from xblock.core import XBlock from xmodule.course_module import ( CourseDescriptor, CATALOG_VISIBILITY_CATALOG_AND_ABOUT, CATALOG_VISIBILITY_ABOUT, ) from xmodule.error_module import ErrorDescriptor from xmodule.x_module import XModule, DEPRECATION_VSCOMPAT_EVENT from xmodule.split_test_module import get_split_user_partitions from xmodule.partitions.partitions import NoSuchUserPartitionError, NoSuchUserPartitionGroupError from xmodule.util.django import get_current_request_hostname from external_auth.models import ExternalAuthMap from courseware.masquerade import get_masquerade_role, is_masquerading_as_student from openedx.core.djangoapps.content.course_overviews.models import CourseOverview from student import auth from student.models import CourseEnrollmentAllowed from student.roles import ( CourseBetaTesterRole, CourseInstructorRole, CourseStaffRole, GlobalStaff, OrgInstructorRole, OrgStaffRole, ) from util.milestones_helpers import ( get_pre_requisite_courses_not_completed, any_unfulfilled_milestones, ) from ccx_keys.locator import CCXLocator import dogstats_wrapper as dog_stats_api from courseware.access_response import ( AccessResponse, MilestoneError, MobileAvailabilityError, StartDateError, VisibilityError, ) DEBUG_ACCESS = False ACCESS_GRANTED = AccessResponse(True) ACCESS_DENIED = AccessResponse(False) log = logging.getLogger(__name__) def debug(*args, **kwargs): # to avoid overly verbose output, this is off by default if DEBUG_ACCESS: log.debug(*args, **kwargs) def has_access(user, action, obj, course_key=None): """ Check whether a user has the access to do action on obj. Handles any magic switching based on various settings. Things this module understands: - start dates for modules - visible_to_staff_only for modules - DISABLE_START_DATES - different access for instructor, staff, course staff, and students. - mobile_available flag for course modules user: a Django user object. May be anonymous. If none is passed, anonymous is assumed obj: The object to check access for. A module, descriptor, location, or certain special strings (e.g. 'global') action: A string specifying the action that the client is trying to perform. actions depend on the obj type, but include e.g. 'enroll' for courses. See the type-specific functions below for the known actions for that type. course_key: A course_key specifying which course run this access is for. Required when accessing anything other than a CourseDescriptor, 'global', or a location with category 'course' Returns an AccessResponse object. It is up to the caller to actually deny access in a way that makes sense in context. """ # Just in case user is passed in as None, make them anonymous if not user: user = AnonymousUser() if isinstance(course_key, CCXLocator): course_key = course_key.to_course_locator() # delegate the work to type-specific functions. # (start with more specific types, then get more general) if isinstance(obj, CourseDescriptor): return _has_access_course_desc(user, action, obj) if isinstance(obj, CourseOverview): return _has_access_course_overview(user, action, obj) if isinstance(obj, ErrorDescriptor): return _has_access_error_desc(user, action, obj, course_key) if isinstance(obj, XModule): return _has_access_xmodule(user, action, obj, course_key) # NOTE: any descriptor access checkers need to go above this if isinstance(obj, XBlock): return _has_access_descriptor(user, action, obj, course_key) if isinstance(obj, CCXLocator): return _has_access_ccx_key(user, action, obj) if isinstance(obj, CourseKey): return _has_access_course_key(user, action, obj) if isinstance(obj, UsageKey): return _has_access_location(user, action, obj, course_key) if isinstance(obj, basestring): return _has_access_string(user, action, obj) # Passing an unknown object here is a coding error, so rather than # returning a default, complain. raise TypeError("Unknown object type in has_access(): '{0}'" .format(type(obj))) # ================ Implementation helpers ================================ def _can_access_descriptor_with_start_date(user, descriptor, course_key): # pylint: disable=invalid-name """ Checks if a user has access to a descriptor based on its start date. If there is no start date specified, grant access. Else, check if we're past the start date. Note: We do NOT check whether the user is staff or if the descriptor is detached... it is assumed both of these are checked by the caller. Arguments: user (User): the user whose descriptor access we are checking. descriptor (AType): the descriptor for which we are checking access, where AType is CourseDescriptor, CourseOverview, or any other class that represents a descriptor and has the attributes .location, .id, .start, and .days_early_for_beta. Returns: AccessResponse: The result of this access check. Possible results are ACCESS_GRANTED or a StartDateError. """ start_dates_disabled = settings.FEATURES['DISABLE_START_DATES'] if start_dates_disabled and not is_masquerading_as_student(user, course_key): return ACCESS_GRANTED else: now = datetime.now(UTC()) effective_start = _adjust_start_date_for_beta_testers( user, descriptor, course_key=course_key ) if ( descriptor.start is None or now > effective_start or in_preview_mode() ): return ACCESS_GRANTED return StartDateError(descriptor.start) def _can_view_courseware_with_prerequisites(user, course): # pylint: disable=invalid-name """ Checks if a user has access to a course based on its prerequisites. If the user is staff or anonymous, immediately grant access. Else, return whether or not the prerequisite courses have been passed. Arguments: user (User): the user whose course access we are checking. course (AType): the course for which we are checking access. where AType is CourseDescriptor, CourseOverview, or any other class that represents a course and has the attributes .location and .id. """ def _is_prerequisites_disabled(): """ Checks if prerequisites are disabled in the settings. """ return ACCESS_DENIED if settings.FEATURES['ENABLE_PREREQUISITE_COURSES'] else ACCESS_GRANTED return ( _is_prerequisites_disabled() or _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, course, course.id) or user.is_anonymous() or _has_fulfilled_prerequisites(user, [course.id]) ) def _can_load_course_on_mobile(user, course): """ Checks if a user can view the given course on a mobile device. This function only checks mobile-specific access restrictions. Other access restrictions such as start date and the .visible_to_staff_only flag must be checked by callers in *addition* to the return value of this function. Arguments: user (User): the user whose course access we are checking. course (CourseDescriptor|CourseOverview): the course for which we are checking access. Returns: bool: whether the course can be accessed on mobile. """ return ( is_mobile_available_for_user(user, course) and ( _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, course, course.id) or _has_fulfilled_all_milestones(user, course.id) ) ) def _can_enroll_courselike(user, courselike): """ Ascertain if the user can enroll in the given courselike object. Arguments: user (User): The user attempting to enroll. courselike (CourseDescriptor or CourseOverview): The object representing the course in which the user is trying to enroll. Returns: AccessResponse, indicating whether the user can enroll. """ enrollment_domain = courselike.enrollment_domain # Courselike objects (e.g., course descriptors and CourseOverviews) have an attribute named `id` # which actually points to a CourseKey. Sigh. course_key = courselike.id # If using a registration method to restrict enrollment (e.g., Shibboleth) if settings.FEATURES.get('RESTRICT_ENROLL_BY_REG_METHOD') and enrollment_domain: if user is not None and user.is_authenticated() and \ ExternalAuthMap.objects.filter(user=user, external_domain=enrollment_domain): debug("Allow: external_auth of " + enrollment_domain) reg_method_ok = True else: reg_method_ok = False else: reg_method_ok = True # If the user appears in CourseEnrollmentAllowed paired with the given course key, # they may enroll. Note that as dictated by the legacy database schema, the filter # call includes a `course_id` kwarg which requires a CourseKey. if user is not None and user.is_authenticated(): if CourseEnrollmentAllowed.objects.filter(email=user.email, course_id=course_key): return ACCESS_GRANTED if _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, courselike, course_key): return ACCESS_GRANTED if courselike.invitation_only: debug("Deny: invitation only") return ACCESS_DENIED now = datetime.now(UTC()) enrollment_start = courselike.enrollment_start or datetime.min.replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC) enrollment_end = courselike.enrollment_end or datetime.max.replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC) if reg_method_ok and enrollment_start < now < enrollment_end: debug("Allow: in enrollment period") return ACCESS_GRANTED return ACCESS_DENIED def _has_access_course_desc(user, action, course): """ Check if user has access to a course descriptor. Valid actions: 'load' -- load the courseware, see inside the course 'load_forum' -- can load and contribute to the forums (one access level for now) 'load_mobile' -- can load from a mobile context 'enroll' -- enroll. Checks for enrollment window, ACCESS_REQUIRE_STAFF_FOR_COURSE, 'see_exists' -- can see that the course exists. 'staff' -- staff access to course. 'see_in_catalog' -- user is able to see the course listed in the course catalog. 'see_about_page' -- user is able to see the course about page. """ def can_load(): """ Can this user load this course? NOTE: this is not checking whether user is actually enrolled in the course. """ # delegate to generic descriptor check to check start dates return _has_access_descriptor(user, 'load', course, course.id) def can_enroll(): return _can_enroll_courselike(user, course) def see_exists(): """ Can see if can enroll, but also if can load it: if user enrolled in a course and now it's past the enrollment period, they should still see it. TODO (vshnayder): This means that courses with limited enrollment periods will not appear to non-staff visitors after the enrollment period is over. If this is not what we want, will need to change this logic. """ # VS[compat] -- this setting should go away once all courses have # properly configured enrollment_start times (if course should be # staff-only, set enrollment_start far in the future.) if settings.FEATURES.get('ACCESS_REQUIRE_STAFF_FOR_COURSE'): dog_stats_api.increment( DEPRECATION_VSCOMPAT_EVENT, tags=( "location:has_access_course_desc_see_exists", u"course:{}".format(course), ) ) # if this feature is on, only allow courses that have ispublic set to be # seen by non-staff if course.ispublic: debug("Allow: ACCESS_REQUIRE_STAFF_FOR_COURSE and ispublic") return ACCESS_GRANTED return _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, course, course.id) return ACCESS_GRANTED if (can_enroll() or can_load()) else ACCESS_DENIED def can_see_in_catalog(): """ Implements the "can see course in catalog" logic if a course should be visible in the main course catalog In this case we use the catalog_visibility property on the course descriptor but also allow course staff to see this. """ return ( _has_catalog_visibility(course, CATALOG_VISIBILITY_CATALOG_AND_ABOUT) or _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, course, course.id) ) def can_see_about_page(): """ Implements the "can see course about page" logic if a course about page should be visible In this case we use the catalog_visibility property on the course descriptor but also allow course staff to see this. """ return ( _has_catalog_visibility(course, CATALOG_VISIBILITY_CATALOG_AND_ABOUT) or _has_catalog_visibility(course, CATALOG_VISIBILITY_ABOUT) or _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, course, course.id) ) checkers = { 'load': can_load, 'view_courseware_with_prerequisites': lambda: _can_view_courseware_with_prerequisites(user, course), 'load_mobile': lambda: can_load() and _can_load_course_on_mobile(user, course), 'enroll': can_enroll, 'see_exists': see_exists, 'staff': lambda: _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, course, course.id), 'instructor': lambda: _has_instructor_access_to_descriptor(user, course, course.id), 'see_in_catalog': can_see_in_catalog, 'see_about_page': can_see_about_page, } return _dispatch(checkers, action, user, course) def _can_load_course_overview(user, course_overview): """ Check if a user can load a course overview. Arguments: user (User): the user whose course access we are checking. course_overview (CourseOverview): a course overview. Note: The user doesn't have to be enrolled in the course in order to have load load access. """ response = ( _visible_to_nonstaff_users(course_overview) and _can_access_descriptor_with_start_date(user, course_overview, course_overview.id) ) return ( ACCESS_GRANTED if (response or _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, course_overview, course_overview.id)) else response ) _COURSE_OVERVIEW_CHECKERS = { 'enroll': _can_enroll_courselike, 'load': _can_load_course_overview, 'load_mobile': lambda user, course_overview: ( _can_load_course_overview(user, course_overview) and _can_load_course_on_mobile(user, course_overview) ), 'view_courseware_with_prerequisites': _can_view_courseware_with_prerequisites } COURSE_OVERVIEW_SUPPORTED_ACTIONS = _COURSE_OVERVIEW_CHECKERS.keys() # pylint: disable=invalid-name def _has_access_course_overview(user, action, course_overview): """ Check if user has access to a course overview. Arguments: user (User): the user whose course access we are checking. action (str): the action the user is trying to perform. See COURSE_OVERVIEW_SUPPORTED_ACTIONS for valid values. course_overview (CourseOverview): overview of the course in question. """ if action in _COURSE_OVERVIEW_CHECKERS: return _COURSE_OVERVIEW_CHECKERS[action](user, course_overview) else: raise ValueError(u"Unknown action for object type 'CourseOverview': '{}'".format(action)) def _has_access_error_desc(user, action, descriptor, course_key): """ Only staff should see error descriptors. Valid actions: 'load' -- load this descriptor, showing it to the user. 'staff' -- staff access to descriptor. """ def check_for_staff(): return _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, descriptor, course_key) checkers = { 'load': check_for_staff, 'staff': check_for_staff, 'instructor': lambda: _has_instructor_access_to_descriptor(user, descriptor, course_key) } return _dispatch(checkers, action, user, descriptor) def _has_group_access(descriptor, user, course_key): """ This function returns a boolean indicating whether or not `user` has sufficient group memberships to "load" a block (the `descriptor`) """ if len(descriptor.user_partitions) == len(get_split_user_partitions(descriptor.user_partitions)): # Short-circuit the process, since there are no defined user partitions that are not # user_partitions used by the split_test module. The split_test module handles its own access # via updating the children of the split_test module. return ACCESS_GRANTED # use merged_group_access which takes group access on the block's # parents / ancestors into account merged_access = descriptor.merged_group_access # check for False in merged_access, which indicates that at least one # partition's group list excludes all students. if False in merged_access.values(): log.warning("Group access check excludes all students, access will be denied.", exc_info=True) return ACCESS_DENIED # resolve the partition IDs in group_access to actual # partition objects, skipping those which contain empty group directives. # if a referenced partition could not be found, access will be denied. try: partitions = [ descriptor._get_user_partition(partition_id) # pylint: disable=protected-access for partition_id, group_ids in merged_access.items() if group_ids is not None ] except NoSuchUserPartitionError: log.warning("Error looking up user partition, access will be denied.", exc_info=True) return ACCESS_DENIED # next resolve the group IDs specified within each partition partition_groups = [] try: for partition in partitions: groups = [ partition.get_group(group_id) for group_id in merged_access[partition.id] ] if groups: partition_groups.append((partition, groups)) except NoSuchUserPartitionGroupError: log.warning("Error looking up referenced user partition group, access will be denied.", exc_info=True) return ACCESS_DENIED # look up the user's group for each partition user_groups = {} for partition, groups in partition_groups: user_groups[partition.id] = partition.scheme.get_group_for_user( course_key, user, partition, ) # finally: check that the user has a satisfactory group assignment # for each partition. if not all(user_groups.get(partition.id) in groups for partition, groups in partition_groups): return ACCESS_DENIED # all checks passed. return ACCESS_GRANTED def _has_access_descriptor(user, action, descriptor, course_key=None): """ Check if user has access to this descriptor. Valid actions: 'load' -- load this descriptor, showing it to the user. 'staff' -- staff access to descriptor. NOTE: This is the fallback logic for descriptors that don't have custom policy (e.g. courses). If you call this method directly instead of going through has_access(), it will not do the right thing. """ def can_load(): """ NOTE: This does not check that the student is enrolled in the course that contains this module. We may or may not want to allow non-enrolled students to see modules. If not, views should check the course, so we don't have to hit the enrollments table on every module load. """ response = ( _visible_to_nonstaff_users(descriptor) and _has_group_access(descriptor, user, course_key) and ( _has_detached_class_tag(descriptor) or _can_access_descriptor_with_start_date(user, descriptor, course_key) ) ) return ( ACCESS_GRANTED if (response or _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, descriptor, course_key)) else response ) checkers = { 'load': can_load, 'staff': lambda: _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, descriptor, course_key), 'instructor': lambda: _has_instructor_access_to_descriptor(user, descriptor, course_key) } return _dispatch(checkers, action, user, descriptor) def _has_access_xmodule(user, action, xmodule, course_key): """ Check if user has access to this xmodule. Valid actions: - same as the valid actions for xmodule.descriptor """ # Delegate to the descriptor return has_access(user, action, xmodule.descriptor, course_key) def _has_access_location(user, action, location, course_key): """ Check if user has access to this location. Valid actions: 'staff' : True if the user has staff access to this location NOTE: if you add other actions, make sure that has_access(user, location, action) == has_access(user, get_item(location), action) """ checkers = { 'staff': lambda: _has_staff_access_to_location(user, location, course_key) } return _dispatch(checkers, action, user, location) def _has_access_course_key(user, action, course_key): """ Check if user has access to the course with this course_key Valid actions: 'staff' : True if the user has staff access to this location 'instructor' : True if the user has staff access to this location """ checkers = { 'staff': lambda: _has_staff_access_to_location(user, None, course_key), 'instructor': lambda: _has_instructor_access_to_location(user, None, course_key), } return _dispatch(checkers, action, user, course_key) def _has_access_ccx_key(user, action, ccx_key): """Check if user has access to the course for this ccx_key Delegates checking to _has_access_course_key Valid actions: same as for that function """ course_key = ccx_key.to_course_locator() return _has_access_course_key(user, action, course_key) def _has_access_string(user, action, perm): """ Check if user has certain special access, specified as string. Valid strings: 'global' Valid actions: 'staff' -- global staff access. """ def check_staff(): """ Checks for staff access """ if perm != 'global': debug("Deny: invalid permission '%s'", perm) return ACCESS_DENIED return ACCESS_GRANTED if GlobalStaff().has_user(user) else ACCESS_DENIED checkers = { 'staff': check_staff } return _dispatch(checkers, action, user, perm) ##### Internal helper methods below def _dispatch(table, action, user, obj): """ Helper: call table[action], raising a nice pretty error if there is no such key. user and object passed in only for error messages and debugging """ if action in table: result = table[action]() debug("%s user %s, object %s, action %s", 'ALLOWED' if result else 'DENIED', user, obj.location.to_deprecated_string() if isinstance(obj, XBlock) else str(obj), action) return result raise ValueError(u"Unknown action for object type '{0}': '{1}'".format( type(obj), action)) def _adjust_start_date_for_beta_testers(user, descriptor, course_key=None): # pylint: disable=invalid-name """ If user is in a beta test group, adjust the start date by the appropriate number of days. Arguments: user: A django user. May be anonymous. descriptor: the XModuleDescriptor the user is trying to get access to, with a non-None start date. Returns: A datetime. Either the same as start, or earlier for beta testers. NOTE: number of days to adjust should be cached to avoid looking it up thousands of times per query. NOTE: For now, this function assumes that the descriptor's location is in the course the user is looking at. Once we have proper usages and definitions per the XBlock design, this should use the course the usage is in. NOTE: If testing manually, make sure FEATURES['DISABLE_START_DATES'] = False in envs/dev.py! """ if descriptor.days_early_for_beta is None: # bail early if no beta testing is set up return descriptor.start if CourseBetaTesterRole(course_key).has_user(user): debug("Adjust start time: user in beta role for %s", descriptor) delta = timedelta(descriptor.days_early_for_beta) effective = descriptor.start - delta return effective return descriptor.start def _has_instructor_access_to_location(user, location, course_key=None): if course_key is None: course_key = location.course_key return _has_access_to_course(user, 'instructor', course_key) def _has_staff_access_to_location(user, location, course_key=None): if course_key is None: course_key = location.course_key return _has_access_to_course(user, 'staff', course_key) def _has_access_to_course(user, access_level, course_key): """ Returns True if the given user has access_level (= staff or instructor) access to the course with the given course_key. This ensures the user is authenticated and checks if global staff or has staff / instructor access. access_level = string, either "staff" or "instructor" """ if user is None or (not user.is_authenticated()): debug("Deny: no user or anon user") return ACCESS_DENIED if is_masquerading_as_student(user, course_key): return ACCESS_DENIED if GlobalStaff().has_user(user): debug("Allow: user.is_staff") return ACCESS_GRANTED if access_level not in ('staff', 'instructor'): log.debug("Error in access._has_access_to_course access_level=%s unknown", access_level) debug("Deny: unknown access level") return ACCESS_DENIED staff_access = ( CourseStaffRole(course_key).has_user(user) or OrgStaffRole(course_key.org).has_user(user) ) if staff_access and access_level == 'staff': debug("Allow: user has course staff access") return ACCESS_GRANTED instructor_access = ( CourseInstructorRole(course_key).has_user(user) or OrgInstructorRole(course_key.org).has_user(user) ) if instructor_access and access_level in ('staff', 'instructor'): debug("Allow: user has course instructor access") return ACCESS_GRANTED debug("Deny: user did not have correct access") return ACCESS_DENIED def _has_instructor_access_to_descriptor(user, descriptor, course_key): # pylint: disable=invalid-name """Helper method that checks whether the user has staff access to the course of the location. descriptor: something that has a location attribute """ return _has_instructor_access_to_location(user, descriptor.location, course_key) def _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, descriptor, course_key): """Helper method that checks whether the user has staff access to the course of the location. descriptor: something that has a location attribute """ return _has_staff_access_to_location(user, descriptor.location, course_key) def _visible_to_nonstaff_users(descriptor): """ Returns if the object is visible to nonstaff users. Arguments: descriptor: object to check """ return VisibilityError() if descriptor.visible_to_staff_only else ACCESS_GRANTED def _has_detached_class_tag(descriptor): """ Returns if the given descriptor's type is marked as detached. Arguments: descriptor: object to check """ return ACCESS_GRANTED if 'detached' in descriptor._class_tags else ACCESS_DENIED # pylint: disable=protected-access def _has_fulfilled_all_milestones(user, course_id): """ Returns whether the given user has fulfilled all milestones for the given course. Arguments: course_id: ID of the course to check user_id: ID of the user to check """ return MilestoneError() if any_unfulfilled_milestones(course_id, user.id) else ACCESS_GRANTED def _has_fulfilled_prerequisites(user, course_id): """ Returns whether the given user has fulfilled all prerequisites for the given course. Arguments: user: user to check course_id: ID of the course to check """ return MilestoneError() if get_pre_requisite_courses_not_completed(user, course_id) else ACCESS_GRANTED def _has_catalog_visibility(course, visibility_type): """ Returns whether the given course has the given visibility type """ return ACCESS_GRANTED if course.catalog_visibility == visibility_type else ACCESS_DENIED def _is_descriptor_mobile_available(descriptor): """ Returns if descriptor is available on mobile. """ return ACCESS_GRANTED if descriptor.mobile_available else MobileAvailabilityError() def is_mobile_available_for_user(user, descriptor): """ Returns whether the given course is mobile_available for the given user. Checks: mobile_available flag on the course Beta User and staff access overrides the mobile_available flag Arguments: descriptor (CourseDescriptor|CourseOverview): course or overview of course in question """ return ( auth.user_has_role(user, CourseBetaTesterRole(descriptor.id)) or _has_staff_access_to_descriptor(user, descriptor, descriptor.id) or _is_descriptor_mobile_available(descriptor) ) def get_user_role(user, course_key): """ Return corresponding string if user has staff, instructor or student course role in LMS. """ role = get_masquerade_role(user, course_key) if role: return role elif has_access(user, 'instructor', course_key): return 'instructor' elif has_access(user, 'staff', course_key): return 'staff' else: return 'student' def in_preview_mode(): """ Returns whether the user is in preview mode or not. """ hostname = get_current_request_hostname() return bool(hostname and settings.PREVIEW_DOMAIN in hostname.split('.'))