Merge pull request #4854 from edx/jeskew/assetstore_modulestore_work

Phase 1 of adding asset metadata saving to old Mongo

common/lib/xmodule/xmodule/assetstore/__init__.py

+"""
+Classes representing asset & asset thumbnail metadata.
+"""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from contracts import contract, new_contract
+from opaque_keys.edx.keys import CourseKey, AssetKey
+
+new_contract('AssetKey', AssetKey)
+new_contract('datetime', datetime)
+
+
+class IncorrectAssetIdType(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when the asset ID passed-in to create an AssetMetadata or
+    AssetThumbnailMetadata is of the wrong type.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class AssetMetadata(object):
+    """
+    Stores the metadata associated with a particular course asset. The asset metadata gets stored
+    in the modulestore.
+    """
+
+    TOP_LEVEL_ATTRS = ['basename', 'internal_name', 'locked', 'contenttype', 'md5']
+    EDIT_INFO_ATTRS = ['curr_version', 'prev_version', 'edited_by', 'edited_on']
+    ALLOWED_ATTRS = TOP_LEVEL_ATTRS + EDIT_INFO_ATTRS
+
+    # All AssetMetadata objects should have AssetLocators with this type.
+    ASSET_TYPE = 'asset'
+
+    @contract(asset_id='AssetKey', basename='str | unicode | None', internal_name='str | None', locked='bool | None',
+              contenttype='str | unicode | None', md5='str | None', curr_version='str | None', prev_version='str | None')
+    def __init__(self, asset_id,
+                 basename=None, internal_name=None,
+                 locked=None, contenttype=None, md5=None,
+                 curr_version=None, prev_version=None):
+        """
+        Construct a AssetMetadata object.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_id (AssetKey): Key identifying this particular asset.
+            basename (str): Original path to file at asset upload time.
+            internal_name (str): Name under which the file is stored internally.
+            locked (bool): If True, only course participants can access the asset.
+            contenttype (str): MIME type of the asset.
+            curr_version (str): Current version of the asset.
+            prev_version (str): Previous version of the asset.
+        """
+        if asset_id.asset_type != self.ASSET_TYPE:
+            raise IncorrectAssetIdType()
+        self.asset_id = asset_id
+        self.basename = basename  # Path w/o filename.
+        self.internal_name = internal_name
+        self.locked = locked
+        self.contenttype = contenttype
+        self.md5 = md5
+        self.curr_version = curr_version
+        self.prev_version = prev_version
+        self.edited_by = None
+        self.edited_on = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return """AssetMetadata{!r}""".format((
+            self.asset_id,
+            self.basename, self.internal_name,
+            self.locked, self.contenttype, self.md5,
+            self.curr_version, self.prev_version,
+            self.edited_by, self.edited_on
+        ))
+
+    def update(self, attr_dict):
+        """
+        Set the attributes on the metadata. Ignore all those outside the known fields.
+
+        Arguments:
+            attr_dict: Prop, val dictionary of all attributes to set.
+        """
+        for attr, val in attr_dict.iteritems():
+            if attr in self.ALLOWED_ATTRS:
+                setattr(self, attr, val)
+
+    def to_mongo(self):
+        """
+        Converts metadata properties into a MongoDB-storable dict.
+        """
+        return {
+            'filename': self.asset_id.path,
+            'basename': self.basename,
+            'internal_name': self.internal_name,
+            'locked': self.locked,
+            'contenttype': self.contenttype,
+            'md5': self.md5,
+            'edit_info': {
+                'curr_version': self.curr_version,
+                'prev_version': self.prev_version,
+                'edited_by': self.edited_by,
+                'edited_on': self.edited_on
+            }
+        }
+
+    @contract(asset_doc='dict | None')
+    def from_mongo(self, asset_doc):
+        """
+        Fill in all metadata fields from a MongoDB document.
+
+        The asset_id prop is initialized upon construction only.
+        """
+        if asset_doc is None:
+            return
+        self.basename = asset_doc['basename']
+        self.internal_name = asset_doc['internal_name']
+        self.locked = asset_doc['locked']
+        self.contenttype = asset_doc['contenttype']
+        self.md5 = asset_doc['md5']
+        edit_info = asset_doc['edit_info']
+        self.curr_version = edit_info['curr_version']
+        self.prev_version = edit_info['prev_version']
+        self.edited_by = edit_info['edited_by']
+        self.edited_on = edit_info['edited_on']
+
+
+class AssetThumbnailMetadata(object):
+    """
+    Stores the metadata associated with the thumbnail of a course asset.
+    """
+
+    # All AssetThumbnailMetadata objects should have AssetLocators with this type.
+    ASSET_TYPE = 'thumbnail'
+
+    @contract(asset_id='AssetKey', internal_name='str | unicode | None')
+    def __init__(self, asset_id, internal_name=None):
+        """
+        Construct a AssetThumbnailMetadata object.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_id (AssetKey): Key identifying this particular asset.
+            internal_name (str): Name under which the file is stored internally.
+        """
+        if asset_id.asset_type != self.ASSET_TYPE:
+            raise IncorrectAssetIdType()
+        self.asset_id = asset_id
+        self.internal_name = internal_name
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return """AssetMetadata{!r}""".format((self.asset_id, self.internal_name))
+
+    def to_mongo(self):
+        """
+        Converts metadata properties into a MongoDB-storable dict.
+        """
+        return {
+            'filename': self.asset_id.path,
+            'internal_name': self.internal_name
+        }
+
+    @contract(thumbnail_doc='dict | None')
+    def from_mongo(self, thumbnail_doc):
+        """
+        Fill in all metadata fields from a MongoDB document.
+
+        The asset_id prop is initialized upon construction only.
+        """
+        if thumbnail_doc is None:
+            return
+        self.internal_name = thumbnail_doc['internal_name']

common/lib/xmodule/xmodule/modulestore/mixed.py

@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ import logging
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 import itertools
 import functools
+from contracts import contract, new_contract
 
 from opaque_keys import InvalidKeyError
-from opaque_keys.edx.keys import CourseKey
+from opaque_keys.edx.keys import CourseKey, AssetKey
 from opaque_keys.edx.locations import SlashSeparatedCourseKey
+from xmodule.assetstore import AssetMetadata, AssetThumbnailMetadata
 
 from . import ModuleStoreWriteBase
 from . import ModuleStoreEnum
@@ -20,6 +22,10 @@ from .exceptions import ItemNotFoundError, DuplicateCourseError
 from .draft_and_published import ModuleStoreDraftAndPublished
 from .split_migrator import SplitMigrator
 
+new_contract('CourseKey', CourseKey)
+new_contract('AssetKey', AssetKey)
+new_contract('AssetMetadata', AssetMetadata)
+new_contract('AssetThumbnailMetadata', AssetThumbnailMetadata)
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -309,6 +315,209 @@ class MixedModuleStore(ModuleStoreDraftAndPublished, ModuleStoreWriteBase):
         store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(course_key)
         return store.delete_course(course_key, user_id)
 
+    def _save_asset_info(self, course_key, asset_metadata, user_id, thumbnail=False):
+        """
+        Base method to over-ride in modulestore.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _delete_asset_data(self, asset_key, thumbnail=False):
+        """
+        Base method to over-ride in modulestore.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _find_course_assets(self, course_key):
+        """
+        Base method to override.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @contract(course_key='CourseKey', asset_metadata='AssetMetadata')
+    def save_asset_metadata(self, course_key, asset_metadata, user_id):
+        """
+        Saves the asset metadata for a particular course's asset.
+
+        Args:
+        course_key (CourseKey): course identifier
+        asset_metadata (AssetMetadata): data about the course asset data
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if metadata save was successful, else False
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(course_key)
+        return store.save_asset_metadata(course_key, asset_metadata, user_id)
+
+    @contract(course_key='CourseKey', asset_thumbnail_metadata='AssetThumbnailMetadata')
+    def save_asset_thumbnail_metadata(self, course_key, asset_thumbnail_metadata):
+        """
+        Saves the asset thumbnail metadata for a particular course asset's thumbnail.
+
+        Arguments:
+            course_key (CourseKey): course identifier
+            asset_thumbnail_metadata (AssetThumbnailMetadata): data about the course asset thumbnail
+
+        Returns:
+            True if thumbnail metadata save was successful, else False
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(course_key)
+        return store.save_asset_metadata(course_key, asset_thumbnail_metadata)
+
+    @contract(asset_key='AssetKey')
+    def find_asset_metadata(self, asset_key):
+        """
+        Find the metadata for a particular course asset.
+
+        Args:
+            asset_key (AssetKey): locator containing original asset filename
+
+        Returns:
+            asset metadata (AssetMetadata) -or- None if not found
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(asset_key.course_key)
+        return store.find_asset_metadata(asset_key)
+
+    @contract(asset_key='AssetKey')
+    def find_asset_thumbnail_metadata(self, asset_key):
+        """
+        Find the metadata for a particular course asset.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_key (AssetKey): key containing original asset filename
+
+        Returns:
+            asset metadata (AssetMetadata) -or- None if not found
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(asset_key.course_key)
+        return store.find_asset_thumbnail_metadata(asset_key)
+
+    @contract(course_key='CourseKey', start=int, maxresults=int, sort='list | None')
+    def get_all_asset_metadata(self, course_key, start=0, maxresults=-1, sort=None):
+        """
+        Returns a list of static assets for a course.
+        By default all assets are returned, but start and maxresults can be provided to limit the query.
+
+        Args:
+            course_key (CourseKey): course identifier
+            start (int): optional - start at this asset number
+            maxresults (int): optional - return at most this many, -1 means no limit
+            sort (array): optional - None means no sort
+                (sort_by (str), sort_order (str))
+                sort_by - one of 'uploadDate' or 'displayname'
+                sort_order - one of 'ascending' or 'descending'
+
+        Returns:
+            List of asset data dictionaries, which have the following keys:
+                asset_key (AssetKey): asset identifier
+                displayname: The human-readable name of the asset
+                uploadDate (datetime.datetime): The date and time that the file was uploaded
+                contentType: The mimetype string of the asset
+                md5: An md5 hash of the asset content
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(course_key)
+        return store.get_all_asset_metadata(course_key, start, maxresults, sort)
+
+    @contract(course_key='CourseKey')
+    def get_all_asset_thumbnail_metadata(self, course_key):
+        """
+        Returns a list of thumbnails for all course assets.
+
+        Args:
+            course_key (CourseKey): course identifier
+
+        Returns:
+            List of AssetThumbnailMetadata objects.
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(course_key)
+        return store.get_all_asset_thumbnail_metadata(course_key)
+
+    @contract(asset_key='AssetKey')
+    def delete_asset_metadata(self, asset_key):
+        """
+        Deletes a single asset's metadata.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_id (AssetKey): locator containing original asset filename
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of asset metadata entries deleted (0 or 1)
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(asset_key.course_key)
+        return store.delete_asset_metadata(asset_key)
+
+    @contract(asset_key='AssetKey')
+    def delete_asset_thumbnail_metadata(self, asset_key):
+        """
+        Deletes a single asset's metadata.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_key (AssetKey): locator containing original asset filename
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of asset metadata entries deleted (0 or 1)
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(asset_key.course_key)
+        return store.delete_asset_metadata(asset_key)
+
+    @contract(course_key='CourseKey')
+    def delete_all_asset_metadata(self, course_key):
+        """
+        Delete all of the assets which use this course_key as an identifier.
+
+        Arguments:
+            course_key (CourseKey): course_identifier
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(course_key)
+        return store.delete_all_asset_metadata(course_key)
+
+    @contract(source_course_key='CourseKey', dest_course_key='CourseKey')
+    def copy_all_asset_metadata(self, source_course_key, dest_course_key):
+        """
+        Copy all the course assets from source_course_key to dest_course_key.
+
+        Arguments:
+            source_course_key (CourseKey): identifier of course to copy from
+            dest_course_key (CourseKey): identifier of course to copy to
+        """
+        # When implementing this in https://openedx.atlassian.net/browse/PLAT-78 , consider this:
+        #  Check the modulestores of both the source and dest course_keys. If in different modulestores,
+        #  export all asset data from one modulestore and import it into the dest one.
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(source_course_key)
+        return store.copy_all_asset_metadata(source_course_key, dest_course_key)
+
+    @contract(asset_key='AssetKey', attr=str)
+    def set_asset_metadata_attr(self, asset_key, attr, value, user_id):
+        """
+        Add/set the given attr on the asset at the given location. Value can be any type which pymongo accepts.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_key (AssetKey): asset identifier
+            attr (str): which attribute to set
+            value: the value to set it to (any type pymongo accepts such as datetime, number, string)
+
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError if no such item exists
+            AttributeError is attr is one of the build in attrs.
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(asset_key.course_key)
+        return store.set_asset_metadata_attrs(asset_key, attr, value, user_id)
+
+    @contract(asset_key='AssetKey', attr_dict=dict)
+    def set_asset_metadata_attrs(self, asset_key, attr_dict, user_id):
+        """
+        Add/set the given dict of attrs on the asset at the given location. Value can be any type which pymongo accepts.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_key (AssetKey): asset identifier
+            attr_dict (dict): attribute/value pairs to set
+
+        Raises:
+            NotFoundError if no such item exists
+            AttributeError is attr is one of the build in attrs.
+        """
+        store = self._get_modulestore_for_courseid(asset_key.course_key)
+        return store.set_asset_metadata_attrs(asset_key, attr_dict, user_id)
+
     @strip_key
     def get_parent_location(self, location, **kwargs):
         """

common/lib/xmodule/xmodule/modulestore/mongo/base.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from fs.osfs import OSFS
 from path import path
 from datetime import datetime
 from pytz import UTC
+from contracts import contract, new_contract
 
 from importlib import import_module
 from xmodule.errortracker import null_error_tracker, exc_info_to_str
@@ -41,12 +42,18 @@ from xmodule.modulestore.inheritance import InheritanceMixin, inherit_metadata,
 from xblock.core import XBlock
 from opaque_keys.edx.locations import SlashSeparatedCourseKey
 from opaque_keys.edx.locator import CourseLocator
-from opaque_keys.edx.keys import UsageKey, CourseKey
+from opaque_keys.edx.keys import UsageKey, CourseKey, AssetKey
 from xmodule.exceptions import HeartbeatFailure
 from xmodule.modulestore.edit_info import EditInfoRuntimeMixin
+from xmodule.assetstore import AssetMetadata, AssetThumbnailMetadata
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+new_contract('CourseKey', CourseKey)
+new_contract('AssetKey', AssetKey)
+new_contract('AssetMetadata', AssetMetadata)
+new_contract('AssetThumbnailMetadata', AssetThumbnailMetadata)
+
 # sort order that returns DRAFT items first
 SORT_REVISION_FAVOR_DRAFT = ('_id.revision', pymongo.DESCENDING)
 
@@ -195,7 +202,6 @@ class CachingDescriptorSystem(MakoDescriptorSystem, EditInfoRuntimeMixin):
                 category = json_data['location']['category']
                 class_ = self.load_block_type(category)
 
-
                 definition = json_data.get('definition', {})
                 metadata = json_data.get('metadata', {})
                 for old_name, new_name in getattr(class_, 'metadata_translations', {}).items():
@@ -443,7 +449,7 @@ class MongoModuleStore(ModuleStoreDraftAndPublished, ModuleStoreWriteBase, Mongo
         super(MongoModuleStore, self).__init__(contentstore=contentstore, **kwargs)
 
         def do_connection(
-            db, collection, host, port=27017, tz_aware=True, user=None, password=None, **kwargs
+            db, collection, host, port=27017, tz_aware=True, user=None, password=None, asset_collection=None, **kwargs
         ):
             """
             Create & open the connection, authenticate, and provide pointers to the collection
@@ -460,6 +466,11 @@ class MongoModuleStore(ModuleStoreDraftAndPublished, ModuleStoreWriteBase, Mongo
             )
             self.collection = self.database[collection]
 
+            # Collection which stores asset metadata.
+            self.asset_collection = None
+            if asset_collection is not None:
+                self.asset_collection = self.database[asset_collection]
+
             if user is not None and password is not None:
                 self.database.authenticate(user, password)
 
@@ -1436,6 +1447,147 @@ class MongoModuleStore(ModuleStoreDraftAndPublished, ModuleStoreWriteBase, Mongo
         field_data = KvsFieldData(kvs)
         return field_data
 
+    def _find_course_assets(self, course_key):
+        """
+        Internal; finds (or creates) course asset info about all assets for a particular course
+
+        Arguments:
+            course_key (CourseKey): course identifier
+
+        Returns:
+            Asset info for the course
+        """
+        if self.asset_collection is None:
+            return None
+
+        # Using the course_key, find or insert the course asset metadata document.
+        # A single document exists per course to store the course asset metadata.
+        course_assets = self.asset_collection.find_one(
+            {'course_id': unicode(course_key)},
+            fields=('course_id', 'storage', 'assets', 'thumbnails')
+        )
+
+        if course_assets is None:
+            # Not found, so create.
+            course_assets = {'course_id': unicode(course_key), 'storage': 'FILLMEIN-TMP', 'assets': [], 'thumbnails': []}
+            course_assets['_id'] = self.asset_collection.insert(course_assets)
+
+        return course_assets
+
+    @contract(course_key='CourseKey', asset_metadata='AssetMetadata | AssetThumbnailMetadata', user_id='str | unicode')
+    def _save_asset_info(self, course_key, asset_metadata, user_id, thumbnail=False):
+        """
+        Saves the info for a particular course's asset/thumbnail.
+
+        Arguments:
+            course_key (CourseKey): course identifier
+            asset_metadata (AssetMetadata/AssetThumbnailMetadata): data about the course asset/thumbnail
+            thumbnail (bool): True if saving thumbnail metadata, False if saving asset metadata
+
+        Returns:
+            True if info save was successful, else False
+        """
+        if self.asset_collection is None:
+            return False
+
+        course_assets, asset_idx = self._find_course_asset(course_key, asset_metadata.asset_id.path, thumbnail)
+        info = 'thumbnails' if thumbnail else 'assets'
+        all_assets = course_assets[info]
+
+        # Set the edited information for assets only - not thumbnails.
+        if not thumbnail:
+            asset_metadata.update({'edited_by': user_id, 'edited_on': datetime.now(UTC)})
+
+        # Translate metadata to Mongo format.
+        metadata_to_insert = asset_metadata.to_mongo()
+        if asset_idx is None:
+            # Append new metadata.
+            # Future optimization: Insert in order & binary search to retrieve.
+            all_assets.append(metadata_to_insert)
+        else:
+            # Replace existing metadata.
+            all_assets[asset_idx] = metadata_to_insert
+
+        # Update the document.
+        self.asset_collection.update({'_id': course_assets['_id']}, {'$set': {info: all_assets}})
+        return True
+
+    @contract(asset_key='AssetKey', attr_dict=dict)
+    def set_asset_metadata_attrs(self, asset_key, attr_dict, user_id):
+        """
+        Add/set the given dict of attrs on the asset at the given location. Value can be any type which pymongo accepts.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_key (AssetKey): asset identifier
+            attr_dict (dict): attribute: value pairs to set
+
+        Raises:
+            ItemNotFoundError if no such item exists
+            AttributeError is attr is one of the build in attrs.
+        """
+        if self.asset_collection is None:
+            return
+
+        course_assets, asset_idx = self._find_course_asset(asset_key.course_key, asset_key.path)
+        if asset_idx is None:
+            raise ItemNotFoundError(asset_key)
+
+        # Form an AssetMetadata.
+        all_assets = course_assets['assets']
+        md = AssetMetadata(asset_key, asset_key.path)
+        md.from_mongo(all_assets[asset_idx])
+        md.update(attr_dict)
+        md.update({'edited_by': user_id, 'edited_on': datetime.now(UTC)})
+
+        # Generate a Mongo doc from the metadata and update the course asset info.
+        all_assets[asset_idx] = md.to_mongo()
+
+        self.asset_collection.update({'_id': course_assets['_id']}, {"$set": {'assets': all_assets}})
+
+    @contract(asset_key='AssetKey')
+    def _delete_asset_data(self, asset_key, thumbnail=False):
+        """
+        Internal; deletes a single asset's metadata -or- thumbnail.
+
+        Arguments:
+            asset_key (AssetKey): key containing original asset/thumbnail filename
+            thumbnail: True if thumbnail deletion, False if asset metadata deletion
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of asset metadata/thumbnail entries deleted (0 or 1)
+        """
+        if self.asset_collection is None:
+            return 0
+
+        course_assets, asset_idx = self._find_course_asset(asset_key.course_key, asset_key.path, get_thumbnail=thumbnail)
+        if asset_idx is None:
+            return 0
+
+        info = 'thumbnails' if thumbnail else 'assets'
+
+        all_asset_info = course_assets[info]
+        all_asset_info.pop(asset_idx)
+
+        # Update the document.
+        self.asset_collection.update({'_id': course_assets['_id']}, {'$set': {info: all_asset_info}})
+        return 1
+
+    @contract(course_key='CourseKey')
+    def delete_all_asset_metadata(self, course_key):
+        """
+        Delete all of the assets which use this course_key as an identifier.
+
+        Arguments:
+            course_key (CourseKey): course_identifier
+        """
+        if self.asset_collection is None:
+            return
+
+        # Using the course_id, find the course asset metadata document.
+        # A single document exists per course to store the course asset metadata.
+        course_assets = self._find_course_assets(course_key)
+        self.asset_collection.remove(course_assets['_id'])
+
     def heartbeat(self):
         """
         Check that the db is reachable.

common/lib/xmodule/xmodule/modulestore/split_mongo/mongo_connection.py

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class MongoConnection(object):
     Segregation of pymongo functions from the data modeling mechanisms for split modulestore.
     """
     def __init__(
-        self, db, collection, host, port=27017, tz_aware=True, user=None, password=None, **kwargs
+        self, db, collection, host, port=27017, tz_aware=True, user=None, password=None, asset_collection=None, **kwargs
     ):
         """
         Create & open the connection, authenticate, and provide pointers to the collections
@@ -114,6 +114,10 @@ class MongoConnection(object):
             db
         )
 
+        # Remove when adding official Split support for asset metadata storage.
+        if asset_collection:
+            pass
+
         if user is not None and password is not None:
             self.database.authenticate(user, password)
 

common/lib/xmodule/xmodule/modulestore/tests/test_mixed_modulestore.py

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ class TestMixedModuleStore(CourseComparisonTest):
     PORT = MONGO_PORT_NUM
     DB = 'test_mongo_%s' % uuid4().hex[:5]
     COLLECTION = 'modulestore'
+    ASSET_COLLECTION = 'assetstore'
     FS_ROOT = DATA_DIR
     DEFAULT_CLASS = 'xmodule.raw_module.RawDescriptor'
     RENDER_TEMPLATE = lambda t_n, d, ctx = None, nsp = 'main': ''
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ class TestMixedModuleStore(CourseComparisonTest):
         'port': PORT,
         'db': DB,
         'collection': COLLECTION,
+        'asset_collection': ASSET_COLLECTION,
     }
     OPTIONS = {
         'mappings': {

lms/envs/common.py

@@ -566,6 +566,7 @@ DOC_STORE_CONFIG = {
     'host': 'localhost',
     'db': 'xmodule',
     'collection': 'modulestore',
+    'asset_collection': 'assetstore',
 }
 MODULESTORE = {
     'default': {