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metadata.py

# Metadata

> [The `OPTIONS`] method allows a client to determine the options and/or requirements associated with a resource, or the capabilities of a server, without implying a resource action or initiating a resource retrieval.

> — RFC7231, Section 4.3.7.

REST framework includes a configurable mechanism for determining how your API should respond to `OPTIONS` requests. This allows you to return API schema or other resource information.

There are not currently any widely adopted conventions for exactly what style of response should be returned for HTTP `OPTIONS` requests, so we provide an ad-hoc style that returns some useful information.

Here's an example response that demonstrates the information that is returned by default.

    HTTP 200 OK
    Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
    Content-Type: application/json

    {
        "name": "To Do List",
        "description": "List existing 'To Do' items, or create a new item.",
        "renders": [
            "application/json",
            "text/html"
        ],
        "parses": [
            "application/json",
            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
            "multipart/form-data"
        ],
        "actions": {
            "POST": {
                "note": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "required": false,
                    "read_only": false,
                    "label": "title",
                    "max_length": 100
                }
            }
        }
    }

## Setting the metadata scheme

You can set the metadata class globally using the `'DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS'` settings key:

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.metadata.SimpleMetadata'
    }

Or you can set the metadata class individually for a view:

    class APIRoot(APIView):
        metadata_class = APIRootMetadata

        def get(self, request, format=None):
            return Response({
                ...
            })

The REST framework package only includes a single metadata class implementation, named `SimpleMetadata`. If you want to use an alternative style you'll need to implement a custom metadata class.

## Creating schema endpoints

If you have specific requirements for creating schema endpoints that are accessed with regular `GET` requests, you might consider re-using the metadata API for doing so.

For example, the following additional route could be used on a viewset to provide a linkable schema endpoint.

    @list_route(methods=['GET'])
    def schema(self, request):
        meta = self.metadata_class()
        data = meta.determine_metadata(request, self)
        return Response(data)

There are a couple of reasons that you might choose to take this approach, including that `OPTIONS` responses are not cacheable.

# Custom metadata classes

If you want to provide a custom metadata class you should override `BaseMetadata` and implement the `determine_metadata(self, request, view)` method.

Useful things that you might want to do could include returning schema information, using a format such as JSON schema, or returning debug information to admin users.

## Example

The following class could be used to limit the information that is returned to `OPTIONS` requests.

    class MinimalMetadata(BaseMetadata):
        """
        Don't include field and other information for `OPTIONS` requests.
        Just return the name and description.
        """
        def determine_metadata(self, request, view):
            return {
                'name': view.get_view_name(),
                'description': view.get_view_description()
            }

Then configure your settings to use this custom class:

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS': 'myproject.apps.core.MinimalMetadata'
    }