Merge pull request #1770 from tomchristie/2.4.0

2.4.0 Release.

.travis.yml

@@ -12,11 +12,14 @@ env:
   - DJANGO="django==1.6.5"
   - DJANGO="django==1.5.8"
   - DJANGO="django==1.4.13"
-  - DJANGO="django==1.3.7"
 
 install:
   - pip install $DJANGO
-  - pip install defusedxml==0.3 Pillow==2.3.0 django-guardian==1.2.3
+  - pip install defusedxml==0.3
+  - pip install Pillow==2.3.0
+  - pip install django-guardian==1.2.3
+  - pip install pytest-django==2.6.1
+  - pip install flake8==2.2.2
   - "if [[ ${TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION::1} != '3' ]]; then pip install oauth2==1.5.211; fi"
   - "if [[ ${TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION::1} != '3' ]]; then pip install django-oauth-plus==2.2.4; fi"
   - "if [[ ${TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION::1} != '3' ]]; then pip install django-oauth2-provider==0.2.4; fi"
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ install:
   - export PYTHONPATH=.
 
 script:
-  - python rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py
+  - ./runtests.py
 
 matrix:
   exclude:
@@ -34,13 +37,7 @@ matrix:
       env: DJANGO="https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.7c2/tarball/"
     - python: "3.2"
       env: DJANGO="django==1.4.13"
-    - python: "3.2"
-      env: DJANGO="django==1.3.7"
     - python: "3.3"
       env: DJANGO="django==1.4.13"
-    - python: "3.3"
-      env: DJANGO="django==1.3.7"
     - python: "3.4"
       env: DJANGO="django==1.4.13"
-    - python: "3.4"
-      env: DJANGO="django==1.3.7"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ To run the tests, clone the repository, and then:
     pip install -r optionals.txt
 
     # Run the tests
-    rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py
+    py.test
 
 You can also use the excellent [`tox`][tox] testing tool to run the tests against all supported versions of Python and Django.  Install `tox` globally, and then simply run:
 

README.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ There is a live example API for testing purposes, [available here][sandbox].
 # Requirements
 
 * Python (2.6.5+, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3)
-* Django (1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6)
+* Django (1.4.2+, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
 
 # Installation
 

docs/api-guide/authentication.md

@@ -126,7 +126,13 @@ To use the `TokenAuthentication` scheme you'll need to [configure the authentica
         'rest_framework.authtoken'
     )
 
-Make sure to run `manage.py syncdb` after changing your settings. The `authtoken` database tables are managed by south (see [Schema migrations](#schema-migrations) below).
+
+---
+
+**Note:** Make sure to run `manage.py syncdb` after changing your settings. The `rest_framework.authtoken` app provides both Django (from v1.7) and South database migrations. See [Schema migrations](#schema-migrations) below.
+
+---
+
 
 You'll also need to create tokens for your users.
 
@@ -198,7 +204,14 @@ Note that the default `obtain_auth_token` view explicitly uses JSON requests and
 
 #### Schema migrations
 
-The `rest_framework.authtoken` app includes a south migration that will create the authtoken table.
+The `rest_framework.authtoken` app includes both Django native migrations (for Django versions >1.7) and South migrations (for Django versions <1.7) that will create the authtoken table.
+
+----
+
+**Note**: From REST Framework v2.4.0 using South with Django <1.7 requires upgrading South v1.0+
+
+----
+
 
 If you're using a [custom user model][custom-user-model] you'll need to make sure that any initial migration that creates the user table runs before the authtoken table is created.
 

docs/api-guide/fields.md

@@ -164,11 +164,12 @@ Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.BooleanField`.
 ## CharField
 
 A text representation, optionally validates the text to be shorter than `max_length` and longer than `min_length`.
+If `allow_none` is `False` (default), `None` values will be converted to an empty string.
 
 Corresponds to `django.db.models.fields.CharField`
 or `django.db.models.fields.TextField`.
 
-**Signature:** `CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None)`
+**Signature:** `CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_none=False)`
 
 ## URLField
 

docs/api-guide/routers.md

@@ -51,36 +51,41 @@ This means you'll need to explicitly set the `base_name` argument when registeri
 
 ### Extra link and actions
 
-Any methods on the viewset decorated with `@link` or `@action` will also be routed.
+Any methods on the viewset decorated with `@detail_route` or `@list_route` will also be routed.
 For example, given a method like this on the `UserViewSet` class:
 
-	from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf
-    from rest_framework.decorators import action
-
-    @action(permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
-    def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
+    from myapp.permissions import IsAdminOrIsSelf
+    from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route
+    
+    class UserViewSet(ModelViewSet):
         ...
+        
+        @detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
+        def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
+            ...
 
 The following URL pattern would additionally be generated:
 
 * URL pattern: `^users/{pk}/set_password/$`  Name: `'user-set-password'`
 
+For more information see the viewset documentation on [marking extra actions for routing][route-decorators].
+
 # API Guide
 
 ## SimpleRouter
 
-This router includes routes for the standard set of `list`, `create`, `retrieve`, `update`, `partial_update` and `destroy` actions.  The viewset can also mark additional methods to be routed, using the `@link` or `@action` decorators.
+This router includes routes for the standard set of `list`, `create`, `retrieve`, `update`, `partial_update` and `destroy` actions.  The viewset can also mark additional methods to be routed, using the `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorators.
 
 <table border=1>
     <tr><th>URL Style</th><th>HTTP Method</th><th>Action</th><th>URL Name</th></tr>
     <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-list</td></tr></tr>
     <tr><td>POST</td><td>create</td></tr>
+    <tr><td>{prefix}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@list_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
     <tr><td rowspan=4>{prefix}/{lookup}/</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td rowspan=4>{basename}-detail</td></tr></tr>
     <tr><td>PUT</td><td>update</td></tr>
     <tr><td>PATCH</td><td>partial_update</td></tr>
     <tr><td>DELETE</td><td>destroy</td></tr>
-    <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET</td><td>@link decorated method</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
-    <tr><td>POST</td><td>@action decorated method</td></tr>
+    <tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@detail_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
 </table>
 
 By default the URLs created by `SimpleRouter` are appended with a trailing slash.
@@ -90,6 +95,12 @@ This behavior can be modified by setting the `trailing_slash` argument to `False
 
 Trailing slashes are conventional in Django, but are not used by default in some other frameworks such as Rails.  Which style you choose to use is largely a matter of preference, although some javascript frameworks may expect a particular routing style.
 
+The router will match lookup values containing any characters except slashes and period characters.  For a more restrictive (or lenient) lookup pattern, set the `lookup_value_regex` attribute on the viewset.  For example, you can limit the lookup to valid UUIDs:
+
+    class MyModelViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
+        lookup_field = 'my_model_id'
+        lookup_value_regex = '[0-9a-f]{32}'
+
 ## DefaultRouter
 
 This router is similar to `SimpleRouter` as above, but additionally includes a default API root view, that returns a response containing hyperlinks to all the list views.  It also generates routes for optional `.json` style format suffixes.
@@ -99,12 +110,12 @@ This router is similar to `SimpleRouter` as above, but additionally includes a d
     <tr><td>[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>automatically generated root view</td><td>api-root</td></tr></tr>
     <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-list</td></tr></tr>
     <tr><td>POST</td><td>create</td></tr>
+    <tr><td>{prefix}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@list_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
     <tr><td rowspan=4>{prefix}/{lookup}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td rowspan=4>{basename}-detail</td></tr></tr>
     <tr><td>PUT</td><td>update</td></tr>
     <tr><td>PATCH</td><td>partial_update</td></tr>
     <tr><td>DELETE</td><td>destroy</td></tr>
-    <tr><td rowspan=2>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET</td><td>@link decorated method</td><td rowspan=2>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
-    <tr><td>POST</td><td>@action decorated method</td></tr>
+    <tr><td>{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}/[.format]</td><td>GET, or as specified by `methods` argument</td><td>`@detail_route` decorated method</td><td>{basename}-{methodname}</td></tr>
 </table>
 
 As with `SimpleRouter` the trailing slashes on the URL routes can be removed by setting the `trailing_slash` argument to `False` when instantiating the router.
@@ -133,28 +144,87 @@ The arguments to the `Route` named tuple are:
 
 **initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view.  Note that the `suffix` argument is reserved for identifying the viewset type, used when generating the view name and breadcrumb links.
 
+## Customizing dynamic routes
+
+You can also customize how the `@list_route` and `@detail_route` decorators are routed.
+To route either or both of these decorators, include a `DynamicListRoute` and/or `DynamicDetailRoute` named tuple in the `.routes` list.
+
+The arguments to `DynamicListRoute` and `DynamicDetailRoute` are:
+
+**url**: A string representing the URL to be routed. May include the same format strings as `Route`, and additionally accepts the `{methodname}` and `{methodnamehyphen}` format strings.
+
+**name**: The name of the URL as used in `reverse` calls. May include the following format strings: `{basename}`, `{methodname}` and `{methodnamehyphen}`.
+
+**initkwargs**: A dictionary of any additional arguments that should be passed when instantiating the view.
+
 ## Example
 
 The following example will only route to the `list` and `retrieve` actions, and does not use the trailing slash convention.
 
-    from rest_framework.routers import Route, SimpleRouter
+    from rest_framework.routers import Route, DynamicDetailRoute, SimpleRouter
 
-    class ReadOnlyRouter(SimpleRouter):
+    class CustomReadOnlyRouter(SimpleRouter):
         """
         A router for read-only APIs, which doesn't use trailing slashes.
         """
         routes = [
-            Route(url=r'^{prefix}$',
-                  mapping={'get': 'list'},
-                  name='{basename}-list',
-                  initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}),
-            Route(url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}$',
-                  mapping={'get': 'retrieve'},
-                  name='{basename}-detail',
-                  initkwargs={'suffix': 'Detail'})
+            Route(
+            	url=r'^{prefix}$',
+            	mapping={'get': 'list'},
+            	name='{basename}-list',
+            	initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}
+            ),
+            Route(
+            	url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}$',
+               mapping={'get': 'retrieve'},
+               name='{basename}-detail',
+               initkwargs={'suffix': 'Detail'}
+            ),
+            DynamicDetailRoute(
+            	url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodnamehyphen}$',
+            	name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
+            	initkwargs={}
+        	)
         ]
 
-The `SimpleRouter` class provides another example of setting the `.routes` attribute.
+Let's take a look at the routes our `CustomReadOnlyRouter` would generate for a simple viewset.
+
+`views.py`:
+
+    class UserViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
+        """
+        A viewset that provides the standard actions
+        """
+        queryset = User.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = UserSerializer
+        lookup_field = 'username'
+
+        @detail_route()
+        def group_names(self, request):
+            """
+            Returns a list of all the group names that the given
+            user belongs to.
+            """
+            user = self.get_object()
+            groups = user.groups.all()
+            return Response([group.name for group in groups])
+
+`urls.py`:
+
+    router = CustomReadOnlyRouter()
+    router.register('users', UserViewSet)
+	urlpatterns = router.urls
+
+The following mappings would be generated...
+
+<table border=1>
+    <tr><th>URL</th><th>HTTP Method</th><th>Action</th><th>URL Name</th></tr>
+    <tr><td>/users</td><td>GET</td><td>list</td><td>user-list</td></tr>
+    <tr><td>/users/{username}</td><td>GET</td><td>retrieve</td><td>user-detail</td></tr>
+    <tr><td>/users/{username}/group-names</td><td>GET</td><td>group_names</td><td>user-group-names</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+For another example of setting the `.routes` attribute, see the source code for the `SimpleRouter` class.
 
 ## Advanced custom routers
 
@@ -184,6 +254,7 @@ The [wq.db package][wq.db] provides an advanced [Router][wq.db-router] class (an
 The [`DRF-extensions` package][drf-extensions] provides [routers][drf-extensions-routers] for creating [nested viewsets][drf-extensions-nested-viewsets], [collection level controllers][drf-extensions-collection-level-controllers] with [customizable endpoint names][drf-extensions-customizable-endpoint-names].
 
 [cite]: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
+[route-decorators]: viewsets.html#marking-extra-actions-for-routing
 [drf-nested-routers]: https://github.com/alanjds/drf-nested-routers
 [wq.db]: http://wq.io/wq.db
 [wq.db-router]: http://wq.io/docs/app.py
@@ -191,4 +262,4 @@ The [`DRF-extensions` package][drf-extensions] provides [routers][drf-extensions
 [drf-extensions-routers]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#routers
 [drf-extensions-nested-viewsets]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#nested-routes
 [drf-extensions-collection-level-controllers]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#collection-level-controllers
-[drf-extensions-customizable-endpoint-names]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#controller-endpoint-name
+[drf-extensions-customizable-endpoint-names]: http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#controller-endpoint-name
\ No newline at end of file

docs/api-guide/settings.md

@@ -377,5 +377,11 @@ The name of a parameter in the URL conf that may be used to provide a format suf
 
 Default: `'format'`
 
+#### NUM_PROXIES
+
+An integer of 0 or more, that may be used to specify the number of application proxies that the API runs behind.  This allows throttling to more accurately identify client IP addresses.  If set to `None` then less strict IP matching will be used by the throttle classes.
+
+Default: `None`
+
 [cite]: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/
 [strftime]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime

docs/api-guide/throttling.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The default throttling policy may be set globally, using the `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_C
         'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
             'anon': '100/day',
             'user': '1000/day'
-        }        
+        }
     }
 
 The rate descriptions used in `DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES` may include `second`, `minute`, `hour` or `day` as the throttle period.
@@ -66,6 +66,16 @@ Or, if you're using the `@api_view` decorator with function based views.
         }
         return Response(content)
 
+## How clients are identified
+
+The `X-Forwarded-For` and `Remote-Addr` HTTP headers are used to uniquely identify client IP addresses for throttling.  If the `X-Forwarded-For` header is present then it will be used, otherwise the value of the `Remote-Addr` header will be used.
+
+If you need to strictly identify unique client IP addresses, you'll need to first configure the number of application proxies that the API runs behind by setting the `NUM_PROXIES` setting.  This setting should be an integer of zero or more.  If set to non-zero then the client IP will be identified as being the last IP address in the `X-Forwarded-For` header, once any application proxy IP addresses have first been excluded.  If set to zero, then the `Remote-Addr` header will always be used as the identifying IP address.
+
+It is important to understand that if you configure the `NUM_PROXIES` setting, then all clients behind a unique [NAT'd](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation) gateway will be treated as a single client.
+
+Further context on how the `X-Forwarded-For` header works, and identifing a remote client IP can be [found here][identifing-clients].
+
 ## Setting up the cache
 
 The throttle classes provided by REST framework use Django's cache backend.  You should make sure that you've set appropriate [cache settings][cache-setting].  The default value of `LocMemCache` backend should be okay for simple setups.  See Django's [cache documentation][cache-docs] for more details.
@@ -178,5 +188,6 @@ The following is an example of a rate throttle, that will randomly throttle 1 in
 
 [cite]: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/error-codes-responses
 [permissions]: permissions.md
+[identifing-clients]: http://oxpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=AppSuite:Grizzly#Multiple_Proxies_in_front_of_the_cluster
 [cache-setting]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#caches
 [cache-docs]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/cache/#setting-up-the-cache

docs/api-guide/viewsets.md

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ There are two main advantages of using a `ViewSet` class over using a `View` cla
 
 Both of these come with a trade-off.  Using regular views and URL confs is more explicit and gives you more control.  ViewSets are helpful if you want to get up and running quickly, or when you have a large API and you want to enforce a consistent URL configuration throughout.
 
-## Marking extra methods for routing
+## Marking extra actions for routing
 
 The default routers included with REST framework will provide routes for a standard set of create/retrieve/update/destroy style operations, as shown below:
 
@@ -101,14 +101,16 @@ The default routers included with REST framework will provide routes for a stand
         def destroy(self, request, pk=None):
             pass
 
-If you have ad-hoc methods that you need to be routed to, you can mark them as requiring routing using the `@link` or `@action` decorators.  The `@link` decorator will route `GET` requests, and the `@action` decorator will route `POST` requests.
+If you have ad-hoc methods that you need to be routed to, you can mark them as requiring routing using the `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorators.
+
+The `@detail_route` decorator contains `pk` in its URL pattern and is intended for methods which require a single instance. The `@list_route` decorator is intended for methods which operate on a list of objects.
 
 For example:
 
     from django.contrib.auth.models import User
-    from rest_framework import viewsets
     from rest_framework import status
-    from rest_framework.decorators import action
+    from rest_framework import viewsets
+    from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route, list_route
     from rest_framework.response import Response
     from myapp.serializers import UserSerializer, PasswordSerializer
 
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ For example:
         queryset = User.objects.all()
         serializer_class = UserSerializer
 
-        @action()
+        @detail_route(methods=['post'])
         def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
             user = self.get_object()
             serializer = PasswordSerializer(data=request.DATA)
@@ -131,21 +133,27 @@ For example:
                 return Response(serializer.errors,
                                 status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
 
-The `@action` and `@link` decorators can additionally take extra arguments that will be set for the routed view only.  For example...
+        @list_route()
+        def recent_users(self, request):
+            recent_users = User.objects.all().order('-last_login')
+            page = self.paginate_queryset(recent_users)
+            serializer = self.get_pagination_serializer(page)
+            return Response(serializer.data)
+
+The decorators can additionally take extra arguments that will be set for the routed view only.  For example...
 
-        @action(permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
+        @detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[IsAdminOrIsSelf])
         def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
            ...
 
-The `@action` decorator will route `POST` requests by default, but may also accept other HTTP methods, by using the `methods` argument.  For example:
+Theses decorators will route `GET` requests by default, but may also accept other HTTP methods, by using the `methods` argument.  For example:
 
-        @action(methods=['POST', 'DELETE'])
+        @detail_route(methods=['post', 'delete'])
         def unset_password(self, request, pk=None):
            ...
 
 The two new actions will then be available at the urls `^users/{pk}/set_password/$` and `^users/{pk}/unset_password/$`
 
-
 ---
 
 # API Reference

docs/index.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Some reasons you might want to use REST framework:
 REST framework requires the following:
 
 * Python (2.6.5+, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3)
-* Django (1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6)
+* Django (1.4.2+, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
 
 The following packages are optional:
 
@@ -207,19 +207,9 @@ General guides to using REST framework.
 
 ## Development
 
-If you want to work on REST framework itself, clone the repository, then...
-
-Build the docs:
-
-    ./mkdocs.py
-
-Run the tests:
-
-    ./rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py
-
-To run the tests against all supported configurations, first install [the tox testing tool][tox] globally, using `pip install tox`, then simply run `tox`:
-
-    tox
+See the [Contribution guidelines][contributing] for information on how to clone
+the repository, run the test suite and contribute changes back to REST
+Framework.
 
 ## Support
 

docs/topics/2.4-accouncement.md

+# REST framework 2.4 announcement
+
+The 2.4 release is largely an intermediate step, tying up some outstanding issues prior to the 3.x series.
+
+## Version requirements
+
+Support for Django 1.3 has been dropped.
+The lowest supported version of Django is now 1.4.2.
+
+The current plan is for REST framework to remain in lockstep with [Django's long-term support policy][lts-releases].
+
+## Django 1.7 support
+
+The optional authtoken application now includes support for *both* Django 1.7 schema migrations, *and* for old-style `south` migrations.
+
+**If you are using authtoken, and you want to continue using `south`, you must upgrade your `south` package to version 1.0.**
+
+## Updated test runner
+
+We now have a new test runner for developing against the project,, that uses the excellent [py.test](http://pytest.org) library.
+
+To use it make sure you have first installed the test requirements.
+
+    pip install -r requirements-test.txt
+
+Then run the `runtests.py` script.
+
+    ./runtests.py
+
+The new test runner also includes [flake8](https://flake8.readthedocs.org) code linting, which should help keep our coding style consistent.
+
+#### Test runner flags
+
+Run using a more concise output style.
+
+    ./runtests -q
+
+Run the tests using a more concise output style, no coverage, no flake8.
+
+    ./runtests --fast
+
+Don't run the flake8 code linting.
+
+    ./runtests --nolint
+
+Only run the flake8 code linting, don't run the tests.
+
+    ./runtests --lintonly
+
+Run the tests for a given test case.
+
+    ./runtests MyTestCase
+
+Run the tests for a given test method.
+
+    ./runtests MyTestCase.test_this_method
+
+Shorter form to run the tests for a given test method.
+
+    ./runtests test_this_method
+
+Note: The test case and test method matching is fuzzy and will sometimes run other tests that contain a partial string match to the given  command line input.
+
+## Improved viewset routing
+
+The `@action` and `@link` decorators were inflexible in that they only allowed additional routes to be added against instance style URLs, not against list style URLs.
+
+The `@action` and `@link` decorators have now been moved to pending deprecation, and the `@list_route` and `@detail_route` decroators have been introduced.
+
+Here's an example of using the new decorators. Firstly we have a detail-type route named "set_password" that acts on a single instance, and takes a `pk` argument in the URL. Secondly we have a list-type route named "recent_users" that acts on a queryset, and does not take any arguments in the URL.
+
+    class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+        """
+        A viewset that provides the standard actions
+        """
+        queryset = User.objects.all()
+        serializer_class = UserSerializer
+
+        @detail_route(methods=['post'])
+        def set_password(self, request, pk=None):
+            user = self.get_object()
+            serializer = PasswordSerializer(data=request.DATA)
+            if serializer.is_valid():
+                user.set_password(serializer.data['password'])
+                user.save()
+                return Response({'status': 'password set'})
+            else:
+                return Response(serializer.errors,
+                                status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+
+        @list_route()
+        def recent_users(self, request):
+            recent_users = User.objects.all().order('-last_login')
+            page = self.paginate_queryset(recent_users)
+            serializer = self.get_pagination_serializer(page)
+            return Response(serializer.data)
+
+For more details, see the [viewsets documentation](../api-guide/viewsets.md).
+
+## Other features
+
+There are also a number of other features and bugfixes as [listed in the release notes][2-4-release-notes]. In particular these include:
+
+[Customizable view name and description functions][view-name-and-description-settings] for use with the browsable API, by using the `VIEW_NAME_FUNCTION` and `VIEW_DESCRIPTION_FUNCTION` settings.
+
+Smarter [client IP identification for throttling][client-ip-identification], with the addition of the `NUM_PROXIES` setting.
+
+## Deprecations
+
+All API changes in 2.3 that previously raised `PendingDeprecationWarning` will now raise a `DeprecationWarning`, which is loud by default.
+
+All API changes in 2.3 that previously raised `DeprecationWarning` have now been removed entirely.
+
+Furter details on these deprecations is available in the [2.3 announcement][2-3-announcement].
+
+## Labels and milestones
+
+Although not strictly part of the 2.4 release it's also worth noting here that we've been working hard towards improving our triage process.
+
+The [labels that we use in GitHub][github-labels] have been cleaned up, and all existing tickets triaged. Any given ticket should have one and only one label, indicating its current state.
+
+We've also [started using milestones][github-milestones] in order to track tickets against particular releases.
+
+---
+
+![Labels and milestones](../img/labels-and-milestones.png)
+
+**Above**: *Overview of our current use of labels and milestones in GitHub.*
+
+---
+
+We hope both of these changes will help make the management process more clear and obvious and help keep tickets well-organised and relevant.
+
+## Next steps
+
+The next planned release will be 3.0, featuring an improved and simplified serializer implementation.
+
+Once again, many thanks to all the generous [backers and sponsors][kickstarter-sponsors] who've helped make this possible!
+
+[lts-releases]: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/release-process/#long-term-support-lts-releases
+[2-4-release-notes]: ./topics/release-notes/#240
+[view-name-and-description-settings]: ../api-guide/settings/#view-names-and-descriptions
+[client-ip-identification]: ../api-guide/throttling/#how-clients-are-identified
+[2-3-announcement]: ./topics/2.3-announcement
+[github-labels]: https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/issues
+[github-milestones]: https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/milestones
+[kickstarter-sponsors]: ./topics/kickstarter-announcement/#sponsors

docs/topics/contributing.md

@@ -62,10 +62,44 @@ To run the tests, clone the repository, and then:
     virtualenv env
     source env/bin/activate
     pip install -r requirements.txt
-    pip install -r optionals.txt
+    pip install -r requirements-test.txt
 
     # Run the tests
-    rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py
+    ./runtests.py
+
+### Test options
+
+Run using a more concise output style.
+
+    ./runtests -q
+
+Run the tests using a more concise output style, no coverage, no flake8.
+
+    ./runtests --fast
+
+Don't run the flake8 code linting.
+
+    ./runtests --nolint
+
+Only run the flake8 code linting, don't run the tests.
+
+    ./runtests --lintonly
+
+Run the tests for a given test case.
+
+    ./runtests MyTestCase
+
+Run the tests for a given test method.
+
+    ./runtests MyTestCase.test_this_method
+
+Shorter form to run the tests for a given test method.
+
+    ./runtests test_this_method
+
+Note: The test case and test method matching is fuzzy and will sometimes run other tests that contain a partial string match to the given  command line input.
+
+### Running against multiple environments
 
 You can also use the excellent [tox][tox] testing tool to run the tests against all supported versions of Python and Django.  Install `tox` globally, and then simply run:
 

docs/topics/release-notes.md

@@ -38,6 +38,33 @@ You can determine your currently installed version using `pip freeze`:
 
 ---
 
+## 2.4.x series
+
+### 2.4.0
+
+**Django version requirements**: The lowest supported version of Django is now 1.4.2.
+
+**South version requirements**: This note applies to any users using the optional `authtoken` application, which includes an associated database migration. You must now *either* upgrade your `south` package to version 1.0, *or* instead use the built-in migration support available with Django 1.7.
+
+* Added compatibility with Django 1.7's database migration support.
+* New test runner, using `py.test`.
+* `@detail_route` and `@list_route` decorators replace `@action` and `@link`.
+* Support customizable view name and description functions, using the `VIEW_NAME_FUNCTION` and `VIEW_DESCRIPTION_FUNCTION` settings.
+* Added `NUM_PROXIES` setting for smarter client IP identification.
+* Added `MAX_PAGINATE_BY` setting and `max_paginate_by` generic view attribute.
+* Added `cache` attribute to throttles to allow overriding of default cache.
+* Added `lookup_value_regex` attribute to routers, to allow the URL argument matching to be constrainted by the user.
+* Added `allow_none` option to `CharField`.
+* Support Django's standard `status_code` class attribute on responses.
+* More intuitive behavior on the test client, as `client.logout()` now also removes any credentials that have been set.
+* Bugfix: `?page_size=0` query parameter now falls back to default page size for view, instead of always turning pagination off.
+* Bugfix: Always uppercase `X-Http-Method-Override` methods.
+* Bugfix: Copy `filter_backends` list before returning it, in order to prevent view code from mutating the class attribute itself.
+* Bugfix: Set the `.action` attribute on viewsets when introspected by `OPTIONS` for testing permissions on the view.
+* Bugfix: Ensure `ValueError` raised during deserialization results in a error list rather than a single error. This is now consistent with other validation errors.
+
+---
+
 ## 2.3.x series
 
 ### 2.3.14
@@ -169,9 +196,9 @@ You can determine your currently installed version using `pip freeze`:
 * Added `trailing_slash` option to routers.
 * Include support for `HttpStreamingResponse`.
 * Support wider range of default serializer validation when used with custom model fields.
-* UTF-8 Support for browsable API descriptions.  
+* UTF-8 Support for browsable API descriptions.
 * OAuth2 provider uses timezone aware datetimes when supported.
-* Bugfix: Return error correctly when OAuth non-existent consumer occurs. 
+* Bugfix: Return error correctly when OAuth non-existent consumer occurs.
 * Bugfix: Allow `FileUploadParser` to correctly filename if provided as URL kwarg.
 * Bugfix: Fix `ScopedRateThrottle`.
 
@@ -212,7 +239,7 @@ You can determine your currently installed version using `pip freeze`:
 * Added SearchFilter
 * Added OrderingFilter
 * Added GenericViewSet
-* Bugfix: Multiple `@action` and `@link` methods now allowed on viewsets. 
+* Bugfix: Multiple `@action` and `@link` methods now allowed on viewsets.
 * Bugfix: Fix API Root view issue with DjangoModelPermissions
 
 ### 2.3.2
@@ -265,7 +292,7 @@ You can determine your currently installed version using `pip freeze`:
 * Long HTTP headers in browsable API are broken in multiple lines when possible.
 * Bugfix: Fix regression with DjangoFilterBackend not worthing correctly with single object views.
 * Bugfix: OAuth should fail hard when invalid token used.
-* Bugfix: Fix serializer potentially returning `None` object for models that define `__bool__` or `__len__`. 
+* Bugfix: Fix serializer potentially returning `None` object for models that define `__bool__` or `__len__`.
 
 ### 2.2.5
 

docs/tutorial/6-viewsets-and-routers.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Here we've used the `ReadOnlyModelViewSet` class to automatically provide the de
 
 Next we're going to replace the `SnippetList`, `SnippetDetail` and `SnippetHighlight` view classes.  We can remove the three views, and again replace them with a single class.
 
-    from rest_framework.decorators import link
+    from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route
 
     class SnippetViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
         """
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Next we're going to replace the `SnippetList`, `SnippetDetail` and `SnippetHighl
         permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,
                               IsOwnerOrReadOnly,)
 
-        @link(renderer_classes=[renderers.StaticHTMLRenderer])
+        @detail_route(renderer_classes=[renderers.StaticHTMLRenderer])
         def highlight(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
             snippet = self.get_object()
             return Response(snippet.highlighted)
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ Next we're going to replace the `SnippetList`, `SnippetDetail` and `SnippetHighl
 
 This time we've used the `ModelViewSet` class in order to get the complete set of default read and write operations.
 
-Notice that we've also used the `@link` decorator to create a custom action, named `highlight`.  This decorator can be used to add any custom endpoints that don't fit into the standard `create`/`update`/`delete` style.
+Notice that we've also used the `@detail_route` decorator to create a custom action, named `highlight`.  This decorator can be used to add any custom endpoints that don't fit into the standard `create`/`update`/`delete` style.
 
-Custom actions which use the `@link` decorator will respond to `GET` requests.  We could have instead used the `@action` decorator if we wanted an action that responded to `POST` requests.
+Custom actions which use the `@detail_route` decorator will respond to `GET` requests.  We can use the `methods` argument if we wanted an action that responded to `POST` requests.
 
 ## Binding ViewSets to URLs explicitly
 

optionals.txt → requirements-test.txt

+# Test requirements
+pytest-django==2.6
+pytest==2.5.2
+pytest-cov==1.6
+flake8==2.2.2
+
+# Optional packages
 markdown>=2.1.0
 PyYAML>=3.10
 defusedxml>=0.3

rest_framework/__init__.py

 """
-______ _____ _____ _____    __                                             _    
-| ___ \  ___/  ___|_   _|  / _|                                           | |   
-| |_/ / |__ \ `--.  | |   | |_ _ __ __ _ _ __ ___   _____      _____  _ __| | __
+______ _____ _____ _____    __
+| ___ \  ___/  ___|_   _|  / _|                                           | |
+| |_/ / |__ \ `--.  | |   | |_ _ __ __ _ _ __ ___   _____      _____  _ __| |__
 |    /|  __| `--. \ | |   |  _| '__/ _` | '_ ` _ \ / _ \ \ /\ / / _ \| '__| |/ /
-| |\ \| |___/\__/ / | |   | | | | | (_| | | | | | |  __/\ V  V / (_) | |  |   < 
+| |\ \| |___/\__/ / | |   | | | | | (_| | | | | | |  __/\ V  V / (_) | |  |   <
 \_| \_\____/\____/  \_/   |_| |_|  \__,_|_| |_| |_|\___| \_/\_/ \___/|_|  |_|\_|
 """
 

rest_framework/authentication.py

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import base64
 
 from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.middleware.csrf import CsrfViewMiddleware
 from django.conf import settings
 from rest_framework import exceptions, HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING
-from rest_framework.compat import CsrfViewMiddleware
 from rest_framework.compat import oauth, oauth_provider, oauth_provider_store
 from rest_framework.compat import oauth2_provider, provider_now, check_nonce
 from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def get_authorization_header(request):
     Hide some test client ickyness where the header can be unicode.
     """
     auth = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', b'')
-    if type(auth) == type(''):
+    if isinstance(auth, type('')):
         # Work around django test client oddness
         auth = auth.encode(HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING)
     return auth

rest_framework/authtoken/migrations/0001_initial.py

-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-import datetime
-from south.db import db
-from south.v2 import SchemaMigration
-from django.db import models
-
-from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
-
-
-try:
-    from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
-except ImportError: # django < 1.5
-    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
-else:
-    User = get_user_model()
-
-
-class Migration(SchemaMigration):
-
-    def forwards(self, orm):
-        # Adding model 'Token'
-        db.create_table('authtoken_token', (
-            ('key', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.CharField')(max_length=40, primary_key=True)),
-            ('user', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.related.OneToOneField')(related_name='auth_token', unique=True, to=orm['%s.%s' % (User._meta.app_label, User._meta.object_name)])),
-            ('created', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField')(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)),
-        ))
-        db.send_create_signal('authtoken', ['Token'])
-
-
-    def backwards(self, orm):
-        # Deleting model 'Token'
-        db.delete_table('authtoken_token')
-
-
-    models = {
-        'auth.group': {
-            'Meta': {'object_name': 'Group'},
-            'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
-            'name': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'unique': 'True', 'max_length': '80'}),
-            'permissions': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ManyToManyField', [], {'to': "orm['auth.Permission']", 'symmetrical': 'False', 'blank': 'True'})
-        },
-        'auth.permission': {
-            'Meta': {'ordering': "('content_type__app_label', 'content_type__model', 'codename')", 'unique_together': "(('content_type', 'codename'),)", 'object_name': 'Permission'},
-            'codename': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '100'}),
-            'content_type': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey', [], {'to': "orm['contenttypes.ContentType']"}),
-            'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
-            'name': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '50'})
-        },
-        "%s.%s" % (User._meta.app_label, User._meta.module_name): {
-            'Meta': {'object_name': User._meta.module_name},
-        },
-        'authtoken.token': {
-            'Meta': {'object_name': 'Token'},
-            'created': ('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField', [], {'auto_now_add': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
-            'key': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '40', 'primary_key': 'True'}),
-            'user': ('django.db.models.fields.related.OneToOneField', [], {'related_name': "'auth_token'", 'unique': 'True', 'to': "orm['%s.%s']" % (User._meta.app_label, User._meta.object_name)})
-        },
-        'contenttypes.contenttype': {
-            'Meta': {'ordering': "('name',)", 'unique_together': "(('app_label', 'model'),)", 'object_name': 'ContentType', 'db_table': "'django_content_type'"},
-            'app_label': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '100'}),
-            'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
-            'model': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '100'}),
-            'name': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '100'})
-        }
-    }
-
-    complete_apps = ['authtoken']
+# encoding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from django.db import models, migrations
+from django.conf import settings
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Token',
+            fields=[
+                ('key', models.CharField(max_length=40, serialize=False, primary_key=True)),
+                ('user', models.OneToOneField(to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, to_field='id')),
+                ('created', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+            ],
+            options={
+                'abstract': False,
+            },
+            bases=(models.Model,),
+        ),
+    ]

rest_framework/authtoken/models.py

 import binascii
 import os
-from hashlib import sha1
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import models
 

rest_framework/authtoken/south_migrations/0001_initial.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from south.db import db
+from south.v2 import SchemaMigration
+
+try:
+    from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+except ImportError:  # django < 1.5
+    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+else:
+    User = get_user_model()
+
+
+class Migration(SchemaMigration):
+
+    def forwards(self, orm):
+        # Adding model 'Token'
+        db.create_table('authtoken_token', (
+            ('key', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.CharField')(max_length=40, primary_key=True)),
+            ('user', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.related.OneToOneField')(related_name='auth_token', unique=True, to=orm['%s.%s' % (User._meta.app_label, User._meta.object_name)])),
+            ('created', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField')(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)),
+        ))
+        db.send_create_signal('authtoken', ['Token'])
+
+    def backwards(self, orm):
+        # Deleting model 'Token'
+        db.delete_table('authtoken_token')
+
+    models = {
+        'auth.group': {
+            'Meta': {'object_name': 'Group'},
+            'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
+            'name': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'unique': 'True', 'max_length': '80'}),
+            'permissions': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ManyToManyField', [], {'to': "orm['auth.Permission']", 'symmetrical': 'False', 'blank': 'True'})
+        },
+        'auth.permission': {
+            'Meta': {'ordering': "('content_type__app_label', 'content_type__model', 'codename')", 'unique_together': "(('content_type', 'codename'),)", 'object_name': 'Permission'},
+            'codename': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '100'}),
+            'content_type': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey', [], {'to': "orm['contenttypes.ContentType']"}),
+            'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
+            'name': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '50'})
+        },
+        "%s.%s" % (User._meta.app_label, User._meta.module_name): {
+            'Meta': {'object_name': User._meta.module_name},
+        },
+        'authtoken.token': {
+            'Meta': {'object_name': 'Token'},
+            'created': ('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField', [], {'auto_now_add': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
+            'key': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '40', 'primary_key': 'True'}),
+            'user': ('django.db.models.fields.related.OneToOneField', [], {'related_name': "'auth_token'", 'unique': 'True', 'to': "orm['%s.%s']" % (User._meta.app_label, User._meta.object_name)})
+        },
+        'contenttypes.contenttype': {
+            'Meta': {'ordering': "('name',)", 'unique_together': "(('app_label', 'model'),)", 'object_name': 'ContentType', 'db_table': "'django_content_type'"},
+            'app_label': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '100'}),
+            'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
+            'model': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '100'}),
+            'name': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '100'})
+        }
+    }
+
+    complete_apps = ['authtoken']

rest_framework/compat.py

@@ -5,25 +5,14 @@ versions of django/python, and compatibility wrappers around optional packages.
 
 # flake8: noqa
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import django
 import inspect
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.utils import six
 
-# Try to import six from Django, fallback to included `six`.
-try:
-    from django.utils import six
-except ImportError:
-    from rest_framework import six
-
-# location of patterns, url, include changes in 1.4 onwards
-try:
-    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
-except ImportError:
-    from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, url, include
 
-# Handle django.utils.encoding rename:
+# Handle django.utils.encoding rename in 1.5 onwards.
 # smart_unicode -> smart_text
 # force_unicode -> force_text
 try:
@@ -42,12 +31,14 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     from django.http import HttpResponse as HttpResponseBase
 
+
 # django-filter is optional
 try:
     import django_filters
 except ImportError:
     django_filters = None
 
+
 # Django-guardian is optional. Import only if guardian is in INSTALLED_APPS
 # Fixes (#1712). We keep the try/except for the test suite.
 guardian = None
@@ -108,46 +99,13 @@ def get_concrete_model(model_cls):
         return model_cls
 
 
+# View._allowed_methods only present from 1.5 onwards
 if django.VERSION >= (1, 5):
     from django.views.generic import View
 else:
-    from django.views.generic import View as _View
-    from django.utils.decorators import classonlymethod
-    from django.utils.functional import update_wrapper
-
-    class View(_View):
-        # 1.3 does not include head method in base View class
-        # See: https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/15668
-        @classonlymethod
-        def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
-            """
-            Main entry point for a request-response process.
-            """
-            # sanitize keyword arguments
-            for key in initkwargs:
-                if key in cls.http_method_names:
-                    raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
-                                    "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
-                                    % (key, cls.__name__))
-                if not hasattr(cls, key):
-                    raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r" % (
-                        cls.__name__, key))
-
-            def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
-                self = cls(**initkwargs)
-                if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
-                    self.head = self.get
-                return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
-
-            # take name and docstring from class
-            update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
-
-            # and possible attributes set by decorators
-            # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
-            update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
-            return view
-
-        # _allowed_methods only present from 1.5 onwards
+    from django.views.generic import View as DjangoView
+
+    class View(DjangoView):
         def _allowed_methods(self):
             return [m.upper() for m in self.http_method_names if hasattr(self, m)]
 
@@ -157,316 +115,16 @@ if 'patch' not in View.http_method_names:
     View.http_method_names = View.http_method_names + ['patch']
 
 
-# PUT, DELETE do not require CSRF until 1.4.  They should.  Make it better.
-if django.VERSION >= (1, 4):
-    from django.middleware.csrf import CsrfViewMiddleware
-else:
-    import hashlib
-    import re
-    import random
-    import logging
-
-    from django.conf import settings
-    from django.core.urlresolvers import get_callable
-
-    try:
-        from logging import NullHandler
-    except ImportError:
-        class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
-            def emit(self, record):
-                pass
-
-    logger = logging.getLogger('django.request')
-
-    if not logger.handlers:
-        logger.addHandler(NullHandler())
-
-    def same_origin(url1, url2):
-        """
-        Checks if two URLs are 'same-origin'
-        """
-        p1, p2 = urlparse.urlparse(url1), urlparse.urlparse(url2)
-        return p1[0:2] == p2[0:2]
-
-    def constant_time_compare(val1, val2):
-        """
-        Returns True if the two strings are equal, False otherwise.
-
-        The time taken is independent of the number of characters that match.
-        """
-        if len(val1) != len(val2):
-            return False
-        result = 0
-        for x, y in zip(val1, val2):
-            result |= ord(x) ^ ord(y)
-        return result == 0
-
-    # Use the system (hardware-based) random number generator if it exists.
-    if hasattr(random, 'SystemRandom'):
-        randrange = random.SystemRandom().randrange
-    else:
-        randrange = random.randrange
-
-    _MAX_CSRF_KEY = 18446744073709551616      # 2 << 63
-
-    REASON_NO_REFERER = "Referer checking failed - no Referer."
-    REASON_BAD_REFERER = "Referer checking failed - %s does not match %s."
-    REASON_NO_CSRF_COOKIE = "CSRF cookie not set."
-    REASON_BAD_TOKEN = "CSRF token missing or incorrect."
-
-    def _get_failure_view():
-        """
-        Returns the view to be used for CSRF rejections
-        """
-        return get_callable(settings.CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW)
-
-    def _get_new_csrf_key():
-        return hashlib.md5("%s%s" % (randrange(0, _MAX_CSRF_KEY), settings.SECRET_KEY)).hexdigest()
-
-    def get_token(request):
-        """
-        Returns the the CSRF token required for a POST form. The token is an
-        alphanumeric value.
-
-        A side effect of calling this function is to make the the csrf_protect
-        decorator and the CsrfViewMiddleware add a CSRF cookie and a 'Vary: Cookie'
-        header to the outgoing response.  For this reason, you may need to use this
-        function lazily, as is done by the csrf context processor.
-        """
-        request.META["CSRF_COOKIE_USED"] = True
-        return request.META.get("CSRF_COOKIE", None)
-
-    def _sanitize_token(token):
-        # Allow only alphanum, and ensure we return a 'str' for the sake of the post
-        # processing middleware.
-        token = re.sub('[^a-zA-Z0-9]', '', str(token.decode('ascii', 'ignore')))
-        if token == "":
-            # In case the cookie has been truncated to nothing at some point.
-            return _get_new_csrf_key()
-        else:
-            return token
-
-    class CsrfViewMiddleware(object):
-        """
-        Middleware that requires a present and correct csrfmiddlewaretoken
-        for POST requests that have a CSRF cookie, and sets an outgoing
-        CSRF cookie.
-
-        This middleware should be used in conjunction with the csrf_token template
-        tag.
-        """
-        # The _accept and _reject methods currently only exist for the sake of the
-        # requires_csrf_token decorator.
-        def _accept(self, request):
-            # Avoid checking the request twice by adding a custom attribute to
-            # request.  This will be relevant when both decorator and middleware
-            # are used.
-            request.csrf_processing_done = True
-            return None
-
-        def _reject(self, request, reason):
-            return _get_failure_view()(request, reason=reason)
-
-        def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
-
-            if getattr(request, 'csrf_processing_done', False):
-                return None
-
-            try:
-                csrf_token = _sanitize_token(request.COOKIES[settings.CSRF_COOKIE_NAME])
-                # Use same token next time
-                request.META['CSRF_COOKIE'] = csrf_token
-            except KeyError:
-                csrf_token = None
-                # Generate token and store it in the request, so it's available to the view.
-                request.META["CSRF_COOKIE"] = _get_new_csrf_key()
-
-            # Wait until request.META["CSRF_COOKIE"] has been manipulated before
-            # bailing out, so that get_token still works
-            if getattr(callback, 'csrf_exempt', False):
-                return None
-
-            # Assume that anything not defined as 'safe' by RC2616 needs protection.
-            if request.method not in ('GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'TRACE'):
-                if getattr(request, '_dont_enforce_csrf_checks', False):
-                    # Mechanism to turn off CSRF checks for test suite.  It comes after
-                    # the creation of CSRF cookies, so that everything else continues to
-                    # work exactly the same (e.g. cookies are sent etc), but before the
-                    # any branches that call reject()
-                    return self._accept(request)
-
-                if request.is_secure():
-                    # Suppose user visits http://example.com/
-                    # An active network attacker,(man-in-the-middle, MITM) sends a
-                    # POST form which targets https://example.com/detonate-bomb/ and
-                    # submits it via javascript.
-                    #
-                    # The attacker will need to provide a CSRF cookie and token, but
-                    # that is no problem for a MITM and the session independent
-                    # nonce we are using. So the MITM can circumvent the CSRF
-                    # protection. This is true for any HTTP connection, but anyone
-                    # using HTTPS expects better!  For this reason, for
-                    # https://example.com/ we need additional protection that treats
-                    # http://example.com/ as completely untrusted.  Under HTTPS,
-                    # Barth et al. found that the Referer header is missing for
-                    # same-domain requests in only about 0.2% of cases or less, so
-                    # we can use strict Referer checking.
-                    referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER')
-                    if referer is None:
-                        logger.warning('Forbidden (%s): %s' % (REASON_NO_REFERER, request.path),
-                            extra={
-                                'status_code': 403,
-                                'request': request,
-                            }
-                        )
-                        return self._reject(request, REASON_NO_REFERER)
-
-                    # Note that request.get_host() includes the port
-                    good_referer = 'https://%s/' % request.get_host()
-                    if not same_origin(referer, good_referer):
-                        reason = REASON_BAD_REFERER % (referer, good_referer)
-                        logger.warning('Forbidden (%s): %s' % (reason, request.path),
-                            extra={
-                                'status_code': 403,
-                                'request': request,
-                            }
-                        )
-                        return self._reject(request, reason)
-
-                if csrf_token is None:
-                    # No CSRF cookie. For POST requests, we insist on a CSRF cookie,
-                    # and in this way we can avoid all CSRF attacks, including login
-                    # CSRF.
-                    logger.warning('Forbidden (%s): %s' % (REASON_NO_CSRF_COOKIE, request.path),
-                        extra={
-                            'status_code': 403,
-                            'request': request,
-                        }
-                    )
-                    return self._reject(request, REASON_NO_CSRF_COOKIE)
-
-                # check non-cookie token for match
-                request_csrf_token = ""
-                if request.method == "POST":
-                    request_csrf_token = request.POST.get('csrfmiddlewaretoken', '')
-
-                if request_csrf_token == "":
-                    # Fall back to X-CSRFToken, to make things easier for AJAX,
-                    # and possible for PUT/DELETE
-                    request_csrf_token = request.META.get('HTTP_X_CSRFTOKEN', '')
-
-                if not constant_time_compare(request_csrf_token, csrf_token):
-                    logger.warning('Forbidden (%s): %s' % (REASON_BAD_TOKEN, request.path),
-                        extra={
-                            'status_code': 403,
-                            'request': request,
-                        }
-                    )
-                    return self._reject(request, REASON_BAD_TOKEN)
-
-            return self._accept(request)
-
-# timezone support is new in Django 1.4
-try:
-    from django.utils import timezone
-except ImportError:
-    timezone = None
-
-# dateparse is ALSO new in Django 1.4
-try:
-    from django.utils.dateparse import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time
-except ImportError:
-    import datetime
-    import re
-
-    date_re = re.compile(
-        r'(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d{1,2})-(?P<day>\d{1,2})$'
-    )
-
-    datetime_re = re.compile(
-        r'(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d{1,2})-(?P<day>\d{1,2})'
-        r'[T ](?P<hour>\d{1,2}):(?P<minute>\d{1,2})'
-        r'(?::(?P<second>\d{1,2})(?:\.(?P<microsecond>\d{1,6})\d{0,6})?)?'
-        r'(?P<tzinfo>Z|[+-]\d{1,2}:\d{1,2})?$'
-    )
-
-    time_re = re.compile(
-        r'(?P<hour>\d{1,2}):(?P<minute>\d{1,2})'
-        r'(?::(?P<second>\d{1,2})(?:\.(?P<microsecond>\d{1,6})\d{0,6})?)?'
-    )
-
-    def parse_date(value):
-        match = date_re.match(value)
-        if match:
-            kw = dict((k, int(v)) for k, v in match.groupdict().iteritems())
-            return datetime.date(**kw)
-
-    def parse_time(value):
-        match = time_re.match(value)
-        if match:
-            kw = match.groupdict()
-            if kw['microsecond']:
-                kw['microsecond'] = kw['microsecond'].ljust(6, '0')
-            kw = dict((k, int(v)) for k, v in kw.iteritems() if v is not None)
-            return datetime.time(**kw)
-
-    def parse_datetime(value):
-        """Parse datetime, but w/o the timezone awareness in 1.4"""
-        match = datetime_re.match(value)
-        if match:
-            kw = match.groupdict()
-            if kw['microsecond']:
-                kw['microsecond'] = kw['microsecond'].ljust(6, '0')
-            kw = dict((k, int(v)) for k, v in kw.iteritems() if v is not None)
-            return datetime.datetime(**kw)
-
-
-# smart_urlquote is new on Django 1.4
-try:
-    from django.utils.html import smart_urlquote
-except ImportError:
-    import re
-    from django.utils.encoding import smart_str
-    try:
-        from urllib.parse import quote, urlsplit, urlunsplit
-    except ImportError:     # Python 2
-        from urllib import quote
-        from urlparse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
-
-    unquoted_percents_re = re.compile(r'%(?![0-9A-Fa-f]{2})')
-
-    def smart_urlquote(url):
-        "Quotes a URL if it isn't already quoted."
-        # Handle IDN before quoting.
-        scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlsplit(url)
-        try:
-            netloc = netloc.encode('idna').decode('ascii')  # IDN -> ACE
-        except UnicodeError:  # invalid domain part
-            pass
-        else:
-            url = urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment))
-
-        # An URL is considered unquoted if it contains no % characters or
-        # contains a % not followed by two hexadecimal digits. See #9655.
-        if '%' not in url or unquoted_percents_re.search(url):
-            # See http://bugs.python.org/issue2637
-            url = quote(smart_str(url), safe=b'!*\'();:@&=+$,/?#[]~')
-
-        return force_text(url)
-
-
-# RequestFactory only provide `generic` from 1.5 onwards
-
+# RequestFactory only provides `generic` from 1.5 onwards
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory as DjangoRequestFactory
 from django.test.client import FakePayload
 try:
     # In 1.5 the test client uses force_bytes
     from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes as force_bytes_or_smart_bytes
 except ImportError:
-    # In 1.3 and 1.4 the test client just uses smart_str
+    # In 1.4 the test client just uses smart_str
     from django.utils.encoding import smart_str as force_bytes_or_smart_bytes
 
-
 class RequestFactory(DjangoRequestFactory):
     def generic(self, method, path,
             data='', content_type='application/octet-stream', **extra):
@@ -491,6 +149,7 @@ class RequestFactory(DjangoRequestFactory):
         r.update(extra)
         return self.request(**r)
 
+
 # Markdown is optional
 try:
     import markdown
@@ -505,7 +164,6 @@ try:
         safe_mode = False
         md = markdown.Markdown(extensions=extensions, safe_mode=safe_mode)
         return md.convert(text)
-
 except ImportError:
     apply_markdown = None
 
@@ -523,14 +181,16 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     etree = None
 
-# OAuth is optional
+
+# OAuth2 is optional
 try:
     # Note: The `oauth2` package actually provides oauth1.0a support.  Urg.
     import oauth2 as oauth
 except ImportError:
     oauth = None
 
-# OAuth is optional
+
+# OAuthProvider is optional
 try:
     import oauth_provider
     from oauth_provider.store import store as oauth_provider_store
@@ -552,6 +212,7 @@ except (ImportError, ImproperlyConfigured):
     oauth_provider_store = None
     check_nonce = None
 
+
 # OAuth 2 support is optional
 try:
     import provider as oauth2_provider
@@ -571,7 +232,8 @@ except ImportError:
     oauth2_constants = None
     provider_now = None
 
-# Handle lazy strings
+
+# Handle lazy strings across Py2/Py3
 from django.utils.functional import Promise
 
 if six.PY3:

rest_framework/decorators.py

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ The most important decorator in this module is `@api_view`, which is used
 for writing function-based views with REST framework.
 
 There are also various decorators for setting the API policies on function
-based views, as well as the `@action` and `@link` decorators, which are
+based views, as well as the `@detail_route` and `@list_route` decorators, which are
 used to annotate methods on viewsets that should be included by routers.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from rest_framework.compat import six
+from django.utils import six
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 import types
+import warnings
 
 
 def api_view(http_method_names):
@@ -107,23 +108,59 @@ def permission_classes(permission_classes):
     return decorator
 
 
+def detail_route(methods=['get'], **kwargs):
+    """
+    Used to mark a method on a ViewSet that should be routed for detail requests.
+    """
+    def decorator(func):
+        func.bind_to_methods = methods
+        func.detail = True
+        func.kwargs = kwargs
+        return func
+    return decorator
+
+
+def list_route(methods=['get'], **kwargs):
+    """
+    Used to mark a method on a ViewSet that should be routed for list requests.
+    """
+    def decorator(func):
+        func.bind_to_methods = methods
+        func.detail = False
+        func.kwargs = kwargs
+        return func
+    return decorator
+
+
+# These are now pending deprecation, in favor of `detail_route` and `list_route`.
+
 def link(**kwargs):
     """
-    Used to mark a method on a ViewSet that should be routed for GET requests.
+    Used to mark a method on a ViewSet that should be routed for detail GET requests.
     """
+    msg = 'link is pending deprecation. Use detail_route instead.'
+    warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
     def decorator(func):
         func.bind_to_methods = ['get']
+        func.detail = True
         func.kwargs = kwargs
         return func
+
     return decorator
 
 
 def action(methods=['post'], **kwargs):
     """
-    Used to mark a method on a ViewSet that should be routed for POST requests.
+    Used to mark a method on a ViewSet that should be routed for detail POST requests.
     """
+    msg = 'action is pending deprecation. Use detail_route instead.'
+    warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
     def decorator(func):
         func.bind_to_methods = methods
+        func.detail = True
         func.kwargs = kwargs
         return func
+
     return decorator

rest_framework/exceptions.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class APIException(Exception):
     def __str__(self):
         return self.detail
 
+
 class ParseError(APIException):
     status_code = status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
     default_detail = 'Malformed request.'

rest_framework/fields.py

@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.db.models.fields import BLANK_CHOICE_DASH
 from django.http import QueryDict
 from django.forms import widgets
+from django.utils import six, timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import is_protected_type
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict
+from django.utils.dateparse import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time
 from rest_framework import ISO_8601
 from rest_framework.compat import (
-    timezone, parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time, BytesIO, six, smart_text,
+    BytesIO, smart_text,
     force_text, is_non_str_iterable
 )
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
@@ -61,8 +63,10 @@ def get_component(obj, attr_name):
 
 
 def readable_datetime_formats(formats):
-    format = ', '.join(formats).replace(ISO_8601,
-             'YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]][+HH:MM|-HH:MM|Z]')
+    format = ', '.join(formats).replace(
+        ISO_8601,
+        'YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]][+HH:MM|-HH:MM|Z]'
+    )
     return humanize_strptime(format)
 
 
@@ -265,13 +269,6 @@ class WritableField(Field):
                  validators=[], error_messages=None, widget=None,
                  default=None, blank=None):
 
-        # 'blank' is to be deprecated in favor of 'required'
-        if blank is not None:
-            warnings.warn('The `blank` keyword argument is deprecated. '
-                          'Use the `required` keyword argument instead.',
-                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            required = not(blank)
-
         super(WritableField, self).__init__(source=source, label=label, help_text=help_text)
 
         self.read_only = read_only
@@ -430,7 +427,7 @@ class ModelField(WritableField):
         }
 
 
-##### Typed Fields #####
+# Typed Fields
 
 class BooleanField(WritableField):
     type_name = 'BooleanField'
@@ -465,8 +462,9 @@ class CharField(WritableField):
     type_label = 'string'
     form_field_class = forms.CharField
 
-    def __init__(self, max_length=None, min_length=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_none=False, *args, **kwargs):
         self.max_length, self.min_length = max_length, min_length
+        self.allow_none = allow_none
         super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         if min_length is not None:
             self.validators.append(validators.MinLengthValidator(min_length))
@@ -477,7 +475,7 @@ class CharField(WritableField):
         if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
             return value
 
-        if value is None:
+        if value is None and not self.allow_none:
             return ''
 
         return smart_text(value)
@@ -488,7 +486,7 @@ class URLField(CharField):
     type_label = 'url'
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        if not 'validators' in kwargs:
+        if 'validators' not in kwargs:
             kwargs['validators'] = [validators.URLValidator()]
         super(URLField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
 

rest_framework/filters.py

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ returned by list views.
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db import models
-from rest_framework.compat import django_filters, six, guardian, get_model_name
+from django.utils import six
+from rest_framework.compat import django_filters, guardian, get_model_name
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from functools import reduce
 import operator
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ class DjangoFilterBackend(BaseFilterBackend):
         if filter_class:
             filter_model = filter_class.Meta.model
 
-            assert issubclass(filter_model, queryset.model), \
+            assert issubclass(queryset.model, filter_model), \
                 'FilterSet model %s does not match queryset model %s' % \
                 (filter_model, queryset.model)
 
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ class OrderingFilter(BaseFilterBackend):
     def get_ordering(self, request):
         """
         Ordering is set by a comma delimited ?ordering=... query parameter.
-        
+
         The `ordering` query parameter can be overridden by setting
         the `ordering_param` value on the OrderingFilter or by
         specifying an `ORDERING_PARAM` value in the API settings.

rest_framework/generics.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ def strict_positive_int(integer_string, cutoff=None):
         ret = min(ret, cutoff)
     return ret
 
+
 def get_object_or_404(queryset, *filter_args, **filter_kwargs):
     """
     Same as Django's standard shortcut, but make sure to raise 404
@@ -127,11 +128,11 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
         deprecated_style = False
         if page_size is not None:
             warnings.warn('The `page_size` parameter to `paginate_queryset()` '
-                          'is due to be deprecated. '
+                          'is deprecated. '
                           'Note that the return style of this method is also '
                           'changed, and will simply return a page object '
                           'when called without a `page_size` argument.',
-                          PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
             deprecated_style = True
         else:
             # Determine the required page size.
@@ -142,10 +143,10 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
 
         if not self.allow_empty:
             warnings.warn(
-                'The `allow_empty` parameter is due to be deprecated. '
+                'The `allow_empty` parameter is deprecated. '
                 'To use `allow_empty=False` style behavior, You should override '
                 '`get_queryset()` and explicitly raise a 404 on empty querysets.',
-                PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
+                DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
             )
 
         paginator = self.paginator_class(queryset, page_size,
@@ -162,10 +163,11 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
                 raise Http404(_("Page is not 'last', nor can it be converted to an int."))
         try:
             page = paginator.page(page_number)
-        except InvalidPage as e:
-            raise Http404(_('Invalid page (%(page_number)s): %(message)s') % {
-                                'page_number': page_number,
-                                'message': str(e)
+        except InvalidPage as exc:
+            error_format = _('Invalid page (%(page_number)s): %(message)s')
+            raise Http404(error_format % {
+                'page_number': page_number,
+                'message': str(exc)
             })
 
         if deprecated_style:
@@ -199,19 +201,17 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
         if not filter_backends and self.filter_backend:
             warnings.warn(
                 'The `filter_backend` attribute and `FILTER_BACKEND` setting '
-                'are due to be deprecated in favor of a `filter_backends` '
+                'are deprecated in favor of a `filter_backends` '
                 'attribute and `DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS` setting, that take '
                 'a *list* of filter backend classes.',
-                PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
+                DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
             )
             filter_backends = [self.filter_backend]
 
         return filter_backends
 
-
-    ########################
-    ### The following methods provide default implementations
-    ### that you may want to override for more complex cases.
+    # The following methods provide default implementations
+    # that you may want to override for more complex cases.
 
     def get_paginate_by(self, queryset=None):
         """
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
         """
         if queryset is not None:
             warnings.warn('The `queryset` parameter to `get_paginate_by()` '
-                          'is due to be deprecated.',
-                          PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+                          'is deprecated.',
+                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
         if self.paginate_by_param:
             try:
@@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
         if self.model is not None:
             return self.model._default_manager.all()
 
-        raise ImproperlyConfigured("'%s' must define 'queryset' or 'model'"
-                                    % self.__class__.__name__)
+        error_format = "'%s' must define 'queryset' or 'model'"
+        raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_format % self.__class__.__name__)
 
     def get_object(self, queryset=None):
         """
@@ -312,16 +312,16 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
             filter_kwargs = {self.lookup_field: lookup}
         elif pk is not None and self.lookup_field == 'pk':
             warnings.warn(
-                'The `pk_url_kwarg` attribute is due to be deprecated. '
+                'The `pk_url_kwarg` attribute is deprecated. '
                 'Use the `lookup_field` attribute instead',
-                PendingDeprecationWarning
+                DeprecationWarning
             )
             filter_kwargs = {'pk': pk}
         elif slug is not None and self.lookup_field == 'pk':
             warnings.warn(
-                'The `slug_url_kwarg` attribute is due to be deprecated. '
+                'The `slug_url_kwarg` attribute is deprecated. '
                 'Use the `lookup_field` attribute instead',
-                PendingDeprecationWarning
+                DeprecationWarning
             )
             filter_kwargs = {self.slug_field: slug}
         else:
@@ -339,12 +339,11 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
 
         return obj
 
-    ########################
-    ### The following are placeholder methods,
-    ### and are intended to be overridden.
-    ###
-    ### The are not called by GenericAPIView directly,
-    ### but are used by the mixin methods.
+    # The following are placeholder methods,
+    # and are intended to be overridden.
+    #
+    # The are not called by GenericAPIView directly,
+    # but are used by the mixin methods.
 
     def pre_save(self, obj):
         """
@@ -416,10 +415,8 @@ class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
         return ret
 
 
-##########################################################
-### Concrete view classes that provide method handlers ###
-### by composing the mixin classes with the base view. ###
-##########################################################
+# Concrete view classes that provide method handlers
+# by composing the mixin classes with the base view.
 
 class CreateAPIView(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                     GenericAPIView):
@@ -534,16 +531,14 @@ class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
         return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
-##########################
-### Deprecated classes ###
-##########################
+# Deprecated classes
 
 class MultipleObjectAPIView(GenericAPIView):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         warnings.warn(
-            'Subclassing `MultipleObjectAPIView` is due to be deprecated. '
+            'Subclassing `MultipleObjectAPIView` is deprecated. '
             'You should simply subclass `GenericAPIView` instead.',
-            PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
+            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
         )
         super(MultipleObjectAPIView, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -551,8 +546,8 @@ class MultipleObjectAPIView(GenericAPIView):
 class SingleObjectAPIView(GenericAPIView):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         warnings.warn(
-            'Subclassing `SingleObjectAPIView` is due to be deprecated. '
+            'Subclassing `SingleObjectAPIView` is deprecated. '
             'You should simply subclass `GenericAPIView` instead.',
-            PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
+            DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
         )
         super(SingleObjectAPIView, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

rest_framework/mixins.py

@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ def _get_validation_exclusions(obj, pk=None, slug_field=None, lookup_field=None)
     include = []
 
     if pk:
-        # Pending deprecation
+        # Deprecated
         pk_field = obj._meta.pk
         while pk_field.rel:
             pk_field = pk_field.rel.to._meta.pk
         include.append(pk_field.name)
 
     if slug_field:
-        # Pending deprecation
+        # Deprecated
         include.append(slug_field)
 
     if lookup_field and lookup_field != 'pk':
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ class ListModelMixin(object):
         # `.allow_empty = False`, to raise 404 errors on empty querysets.
         if not self.allow_empty and not self.object_list:
             warnings.warn(
-                'The `allow_empty` parameter is due to be deprecated. '
+                'The `allow_empty` parameter is deprecated. '
                 'To use `allow_empty=False` style behavior, You should override '
                 '`get_queryset()` and explicitly raise a 404 on empty querysets.',
-                PendingDeprecationWarning
+                DeprecationWarning
             )
             class_name = self.__class__.__name__
             error_msg = self.empty_error % {'class_name': class_name}

rest_framework/negotiation.py

@@ -54,8 +54,10 @@ class DefaultContentNegotiation(BaseContentNegotiation):
                 for media_type in media_type_set:
                     if media_type_matches(renderer.media_type, media_type):
                         # Return the most specific media type as accepted.
-                        if (_MediaType(renderer.media_type).precedence >
-                            _MediaType(media_type).precedence):
+                        if (
+                            _MediaType(renderer.media_type).precedence >
+                            _MediaType(media_type).precedence
+                        ):
                             # Eg client requests '*/*'
                             # Accepted media type is 'application/json'
                             return renderer, renderer.media_type

rest_framework/parsers.py

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ from django.core.files.uploadhandler import StopFutureHandlers
 from django.http import QueryDict
 from django.http.multipartparser import MultiPartParser as DjangoMultiPartParser
 from django.http.multipartparser import MultiPartParserError, parse_header, ChunkIter
-from rest_framework.compat import etree, six, yaml, force_text
+from django.utils import six
+from rest_framework.compat import etree, yaml, force_text
 from rest_framework.exceptions import ParseError
 from rest_framework import renderers
 import json

rest_framework/permissions.py

@@ -2,15 +2,12 @@
 Provides a set of pluggable permission policies.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-import inspect
-import warnings
-
-SAFE_METHODS = ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS']
-
 from django.http import Http404
 from rest_framework.compat import (get_model_name, oauth2_provider_scope,
                                    oauth2_constants)
 
+SAFE_METHODS = ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS']
+
 
 class BasePermission(object):
     """
@@ -27,13 +24,6 @@ class BasePermission(object):
         """
         Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
         """
-        if len(inspect.getargspec(self.has_permission).args) == 4:
-            warnings.warn(
-                'The `obj` argument in `has_permission` is deprecated. '
-                'Use `has_object_permission()` instead for object permissions.',
-                DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
-            )
-            return self.has_permission(request, view, obj)
         return True
 
 
@@ -72,9 +62,11 @@ class IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly(BasePermission):
     """
 
     def has_permission(self, request, view):
-        return (request.method in SAFE_METHODS or 
-            request.user and 
-            request.user.is_authenticated())
+        return (
+            request.method in SAFE_METHODS or
+            request.user and
+            request.user.is_authenticated()
+        )
 
 
 class DjangoModelPermissions(BasePermission):
@@ -132,9 +124,11 @@ class DjangoModelPermissions(BasePermission):
 
         perms = self.get_required_permissions(request.method, model_cls)
 
-        return (request.user and
+        return (
+            request.user and
             (request.user.is_authenticated() or not self.authenticated_users_only) and
-            request.user.has_perms(perms))
+            request.user.has_perms(perms)
+        )
 
 
 class DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly(DjangoModelPermissions):
@@ -222,6 +216,8 @@ class TokenHasReadWriteScope(BasePermission):
             required = oauth2_constants.READ if read_only else oauth2_constants.WRITE
             return oauth2_provider_scope.check(required, request.auth.scope)
 
-        assert False, ('TokenHasReadWriteScope requires either the'
-        '`OAuthAuthentication` or `OAuth2Authentication` authentication '
-        'class to be used.')
+        assert False, (
+            'TokenHasReadWriteScope requires either the'
+            '`OAuthAuthentication` or `OAuth2Authentication` authentication '
+            'class to be used.'
+        )

rest_framework/relations.py

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ from rest_framework.compat import smart_text
 import warnings
 
 
-##### Relational fields #####
-
+# Relational fields
 
 # Not actually Writable, but subclasses may need to be.
 class RelatedField(WritableField):
@@ -41,14 +40,6 @@ class RelatedField(WritableField):
     many = False
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-
-        # 'null' is to be deprecated in favor of 'required'
-        if 'null' in kwargs:
-            warnings.warn('The `null` keyword argument is deprecated. '
-                          'Use the `required` keyword argument instead.',
-                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-            kwargs['required'] = not kwargs.pop('null')
-
         queryset = kwargs.pop('queryset', None)
         self.many = kwargs.pop('many', self.many)
         if self.many:
@@ -74,7 +65,7 @@ class RelatedField(WritableField):
             else:  # Reverse
                 self.queryset = manager.field.rel.to._default_manager.all()
 
-    ### We need this stuff to make form choices work...
+    # We need this stuff to make form choices work...
 
     def prepare_value(self, obj):
         return self.to_native(obj)
@@ -121,7 +112,7 @@ class RelatedField(WritableField):
 
     choices = property(_get_choices, _set_choices)
 
-    ### Default value handling
+    # Default value handling
 
     def get_default_value(self):
         default = super(RelatedField, self).get_default_value()
@@ -129,7 +120,7 @@ class RelatedField(WritableField):
             return []
         return default
 
-    ### Regular serializer stuff...
+    # Regular serializer stuff...
 
     def field_to_native(self, obj, field_name):
         try:
@@ -189,7 +180,7 @@ class RelatedField(WritableField):
             into[(self.source or field_name)] = self.from_native(value)
 
 
-### PrimaryKey relationships
+# PrimaryKey relationships
 
 class PrimaryKeyRelatedField(RelatedField):
     """
@@ -277,8 +268,7 @@ class PrimaryKeyRelatedField(RelatedField):
         return self.to_native(pk)
 
 
-### Slug relationships
-
+# Slug relationships
 
 class SlugRelatedField(RelatedField):
     """
@@ -313,7 +303,7 @@ class SlugRelatedField(RelatedField):
             raise ValidationError(msg)
 
 
-### Hyperlinked relationships
+# Hyperlinked relationships
 
 class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField):
     """
@@ -330,7 +320,7 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField):
         'incorrect_type': _('Incorrect type.  Expected url string, received %s.'),
     }
 
-    # These are all pending deprecation
+    # These are all deprecated
     pk_url_kwarg = 'pk'
     slug_field = 'slug'
     slug_url_kwarg = None  # Defaults to same as `slug_field` unless overridden
@@ -344,16 +334,16 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField):
         self.lookup_field = kwargs.pop('lookup_field', self.lookup_field)
         self.format = kwargs.pop('format', None)
 
-        # These are pending deprecation
+        # These are deprecated
         if 'pk_url_kwarg' in kwargs:
-            msg = 'pk_url_kwarg is pending deprecation. Use lookup_field instead.'
-            warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            msg = 'pk_url_kwarg is deprecated. Use lookup_field instead.'
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         if 'slug_url_kwarg' in kwargs:
-            msg = 'slug_url_kwarg is pending deprecation. Use lookup_field instead.'
-            warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            msg = 'slug_url_kwarg is deprecated. Use lookup_field instead.'
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         if 'slug_field' in kwargs:
-            msg = 'slug_field is pending deprecation. Use lookup_field instead.'
-            warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            msg = 'slug_field is deprecated. Use lookup_field instead.'
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
         self.pk_url_kwarg = kwargs.pop('pk_url_kwarg', self.pk_url_kwarg)
         self.slug_field = kwargs.pop('slug_field', self.slug_field)
@@ -396,9 +386,9 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField):
                     # If the lookup succeeds using the default slug params,
                     # then `slug_field` is being used implicitly, and we
                     # we need to warn about the pending deprecation.
-                    msg = 'Implicit slug field hyperlinked fields are pending deprecation.' \
+                    msg = 'Implicit slug field hyperlinked fields are deprecated.' \
                           'You should set `lookup_field=slug` on the HyperlinkedRelatedField.'
-                    warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+                    warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
                 return ret
             except NoReverseMatch:
                 pass
@@ -432,14 +422,11 @@ class HyperlinkedRelatedField(RelatedField):
         request = self.context.get('request', None)
         format = self.format or self.context.get('format', None)
 
-        if request is None:
-            msg = (
-                "Using `HyperlinkedRelatedField` without including the request "
-                "in the serializer context is deprecated. "
-                "Add `context={'request': request}` when instantiating "
-                "the serializer."
-            )
-            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=4)
+        assert request is not None, (
+            "`HyperlinkedRelatedField` requires the request in the serializer "
+            "context. Add `context={'request': request}` when instantiating "
+            "the serializer."
+        )
 
         # If the object has not yet been saved then we cannot hyperlink to it.
         if getattr(obj, 'pk', None) is None:
@@ -499,7 +486,7 @@ class HyperlinkedIdentityField(Field):
     lookup_field = 'pk'
     read_only = True
 
-    # These are all pending deprecation
+    # These are all deprecated
     pk_url_kwarg = 'pk'
     slug_field = 'slug'
     slug_url_kwarg = None  # Defaults to same as `slug_field` unless overridden
@@ -515,16 +502,16 @@ class HyperlinkedIdentityField(Field):
         lookup_field = kwargs.pop('lookup_field', None)
         self.lookup_field = lookup_field or self.lookup_field
 
-        # These are pending deprecation
+        # These are deprecated
         if 'pk_url_kwarg' in kwargs:
-            msg = 'pk_url_kwarg is pending deprecation. Use lookup_field instead.'
-            warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            msg = 'pk_url_kwarg is deprecated. Use lookup_field instead.'
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         if 'slug_url_kwarg' in kwargs:
-            msg = 'slug_url_kwarg is pending deprecation. Use lookup_field instead.'
-            warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            msg = 'slug_url_kwarg is deprecated. Use lookup_field instead.'
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         if 'slug_field' in kwargs:
-            msg = 'slug_field is pending deprecation. Use lookup_field instead.'
-            warnings.warn(msg, PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            msg = 'slug_field is deprecated. Use lookup_field instead.'
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
         self.slug_field = kwargs.pop('slug_field', self.slug_field)
         default_slug_kwarg = self.slug_url_kwarg or self.slug_field
@@ -538,11 +525,11 @@ class HyperlinkedIdentityField(Field):
         format = self.context.get('format', None)
         view_name = self.view_name
 
-        if request is None:
-            warnings.warn("Using `HyperlinkedIdentityField` without including the "
-                          "request in the serializer context is deprecated. "
-                          "Add `context={'request': request}` when instantiating the serializer.",
-                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=4)
+        assert request is not None, (
+            "`HyperlinkedIdentityField` requires the request in the serializer"
+            " context. Add `context={'request': request}` when instantiating "
+            "the serializer."
+        )
 
         # By default use whatever format is given for the current context
         # unless the target is a different type to the source.
@@ -606,41 +593,3 @@ class HyperlinkedIdentityField(Field):
                 pass
 
         raise NoReverseMatch()
-
-
-### Old-style many classes for backwards compat
-
-class ManyRelatedField(RelatedField):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        warnings.warn('`ManyRelatedField()` is deprecated. '
-                      'Use `RelatedField(many=True)` instead.',
-                       DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-        kwargs['many'] = True
-        super(ManyRelatedField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-class ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField(PrimaryKeyRelatedField):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        warnings.warn('`ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField()` is deprecated. '
-                      'Use `PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True)` instead.',
-                       DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-        kwargs['many'] = True
-        super(ManyPrimaryKeyRelatedField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-class ManySlugRelatedField(SlugRelatedField):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        warnings.warn('`ManySlugRelatedField()` is deprecated. '
-                      'Use `SlugRelatedField(many=True)` instead.',
-                       DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-        kwargs['many'] = True
-        super(ManySlugRelatedField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-class ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField(HyperlinkedRelatedField):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        warnings.warn('`ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField()` is deprecated. '
-                      'Use `HyperlinkedRelatedField(many=True)` instead.',
-                       DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
-        kwargs['many'] = True
-        super(ManyHyperlinkedRelatedField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

rest_framework/renderers.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ REST framework also provides an HTML renderer the renders the browsable API.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-import copy
 import json
 import django
 from django import forms
@@ -16,11 +15,9 @@ from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.http.multipartparser import parse_header
 from django.template import RequestContext, loader, Template
 from django.test.client import encode_multipart
+from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.xmlutils import SimplerXMLGenerator
-from rest_framework.compat import StringIO
-from rest_framework.compat import six
-from rest_framework.compat import smart_text
-from rest_framework.compat import yaml
+from rest_framework.compat import StringIO, smart_text, yaml
 from rest_framework.exceptions import ParseError
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.request import is_form_media_type, override_method
@@ -75,7 +72,6 @@ class JSONRenderer(BaseRenderer):
         # E.g. If we're being called by the BrowsableAPIRenderer.
         return renderer_context.get('indent', None)
 
-
     def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
         """
         Render `data` into JSON, returning a bytestring.
@@ -86,8 +82,10 @@ class JSONRenderer(BaseRenderer):
         renderer_context = renderer_context or {}
         indent = self.get_indent(accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
 
-        ret = json.dumps(data, cls=self.encoder_class,
-            indent=indent, ensure_ascii=self.ensure_ascii)
+        ret = json.dumps(
+            data, cls=self.encoder_class,
+            indent=indent, ensure_ascii=self.ensure_ascii
+        )
 
         # On python 2.x json.dumps() returns bytestrings if ensure_ascii=True,
         # but if ensure_ascii=False, the return type is underspecified,
@@ -414,7 +412,7 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer):
         """
         Returns True if a form should be shown for this method.
         """
-        if not method in view.allowed_methods:
+        if method not in view.allowed_methods:
             return  # Not a valid method
 
         if not api_settings.FORM_METHOD_OVERRIDE:
@@ -454,8 +452,10 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer):
             if method in ('DELETE', 'OPTIONS'):
                 return True  # Don't actually need to return a form
 
-            if (not getattr(view, 'get_serializer', None)
-                or not any(is_form_media_type(parser.media_type) for parser in view.parser_classes)):
+            if (
+                not getattr(view, 'get_serializer', None)
+                or not any(is_form_media_type(parser.media_type) for parser in view.parser_classes)
+            ):
                 return
 
             serializer = view.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=data, files=files)
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ class BrowsableAPIRenderer(BaseRenderer):
             'version': VERSION,
             'breadcrumblist': self.get_breadcrumbs(request),
             'allowed_methods': view.allowed_methods,
-            'available_formats': [renderer.format for renderer in view.renderer_classes],
+            'available_formats': [renderer_cls.format for renderer_cls in view.renderer_classes],
             'response_headers': response_headers,
 
             'put_form': self.get_rendered_html_form(view, 'PUT', request),
@@ -625,4 +625,3 @@ class MultiPartRenderer(BaseRenderer):
 
     def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
         return encode_multipart(self.BOUNDARY, data)
-

rest_framework/request.py

@@ -295,8 +295,11 @@ class Request(object):
         Return the content body of the request, as a stream.
         """
         try:
-            content_length = int(self.META.get('CONTENT_LENGTH',
-                                    self.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH')))
+            content_length = int(
+                self.META.get(
+                    'CONTENT_LENGTH', self.META.get('HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH')
+                )
+            )
         except (ValueError, TypeError):
             content_length = 0
 
@@ -320,9 +323,11 @@ class Request(object):
         )
 
         # We only need to use form overloading on form POST requests.
-        if (not USE_FORM_OVERLOADING
+        if (
+            not USE_FORM_OVERLOADING
             or self._request.method != 'POST'
-            or not is_form_media_type(self._content_type)):
+            or not is_form_media_type(self._content_type)
+        ):
             return
 
         # At this point we're committed to parsing the request as form data.
@@ -330,15 +335,19 @@ class Request(object):
         self._files = self._request.FILES
 
         # Method overloading - change the method and remove the param from the content.
-        if (self._METHOD_PARAM and
-            self._METHOD_PARAM in self._data):
+        if (
+            self._METHOD_PARAM and
+            self._METHOD_PARAM in self._data
+        ):
             self._method = self._data[self._METHOD_PARAM].upper()
 
         # Content overloading - modify the content type, and force re-parse.
-        if (self._CONTENT_PARAM and
+        if (
+            self._CONTENT_PARAM and
             self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM and
             self._CONTENT_PARAM in self._data and
-            self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM in self._data):
+            self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM in self._data
+        ):
             self._content_type = self._data[self._CONTENTTYPE_PARAM]
             self._stream = BytesIO(self._data[self._CONTENT_PARAM].encode(self.parser_context['encoding']))
             self._data, self._files = (Empty, Empty)
@@ -394,7 +403,7 @@ class Request(object):
                 self._not_authenticated()
                 raise
 
-            if not user_auth_tuple is None:
+            if user_auth_tuple is not None:
                 self._authenticator = authenticator
                 self._user, self._auth = user_auth_tuple
                 return

rest_framework/response.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import django
 from django.core.handlers.wsgi import STATUS_CODE_TEXT
 from django.template.response import SimpleTemplateResponse
-from rest_framework.compat import six
+from django.utils import six
 
 
 class Response(SimpleTemplateResponse):
@@ -62,8 +62,10 @@ class Response(SimpleTemplateResponse):
 
         ret = renderer.render(self.data, media_type, context)
         if isinstance(ret, six.text_type):
-            assert charset, 'renderer returned unicode, and did not specify ' \
-            'a charset value.'
+            assert charset, (
+                'renderer returned unicode, and did not specify '
+                'a charset value.'
+            )
             return bytes(ret.encode(charset))
 
         if not ret:

rest_framework/routers.py

@@ -17,15 +17,17 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import itertools
 from collections import namedtuple
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from rest_framework import views
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
 from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
 
 
 Route = namedtuple('Route', ['url', 'mapping', 'name', 'initkwargs'])
+DynamicDetailRoute = namedtuple('DynamicDetailRoute', ['url', 'name', 'initkwargs'])
+DynamicListRoute = namedtuple('DynamicListRoute', ['url', 'name', 'initkwargs'])
 
 
 def replace_methodname(format_string, methodname):
@@ -88,6 +90,14 @@ class SimpleRouter(BaseRouter):
             name='{basename}-list',
             initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}
         ),
+        # Dynamically generated list routes.
+        # Generated using @list_route decorator
+        # on methods of the viewset.
+        DynamicListRoute(
+            url=r'^{prefix}/{methodname}{trailing_slash}$',
+            name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
+            initkwargs={}
+        ),
         # Detail route.
         Route(
             url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}{trailing_slash}$',
@@ -100,13 +110,10 @@ class SimpleRouter(BaseRouter):
             name='{basename}-detail',
             initkwargs={'suffix': 'Instance'}
         ),
-        # Dynamically generated routes.
-        # Generated using @action or @link decorators on methods of the viewset.
-        Route(
+        # Dynamically generated detail routes.
+        # Generated using @detail_route decorator on methods of the viewset.
+        DynamicDetailRoute(
             url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}{trailing_slash}$',
-            mapping={
-                '{httpmethod}': '{methodname}',
-            },
             name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
             initkwargs={}
         ),
@@ -139,25 +146,42 @@ class SimpleRouter(BaseRouter):
         Returns a list of the Route namedtuple.
         """
 
-        known_actions = flatten([route.mapping.values() for route in self.routes])
+        known_actions = flatten([route.mapping.values() for route in self.routes if isinstance(route, Route)])
 
-        # Determine any `@action` or `@link` decorated methods on the viewset
-        dynamic_routes = []
+        # Determine any `@detail_route` or `@list_route` decorated methods on the viewset
+        detail_routes = []
+        list_routes = []
         for methodname in dir(viewset):
             attr = getattr(viewset, methodname)
             httpmethods = getattr(attr, 'bind_to_methods', None)
+            detail = getattr(attr, 'detail', True)
             if httpmethods:
                 if methodname in known_actions:
-                    raise ImproperlyConfigured('Cannot use @action or @link decorator on '
-                                               'method "%s" as it is an existing route' % methodname)
+                    raise ImproperlyConfigured('Cannot use @detail_route or @list_route '
+                                               'decorators on method "%s" '
+                                               'as it is an existing route' % methodname)
                 httpmethods = [method.lower() for method in httpmethods]
-                dynamic_routes.append((httpmethods, methodname))
+                if detail:
+                    detail_routes.append((httpmethods, methodname))
+                else:
+                    list_routes.append((httpmethods, methodname))
 
         ret = []
         for route in self.routes:
-            if route.mapping == {'{httpmethod}': '{methodname}'}:
-                # Dynamic routes (@link or @action decorator)
-                for httpmethods, methodname in dynamic_routes:
+            if isinstance(route, DynamicDetailRoute):
+                # Dynamic detail routes (@detail_route decorator)
+                for httpmethods, methodname in detail_routes:
+                    initkwargs = route.initkwargs.copy()
+                    initkwargs.update(getattr(viewset, methodname).kwargs)
+                    ret.append(Route(
+                        url=replace_methodname(route.url, methodname),
+                        mapping=dict((httpmethod, methodname) for httpmethod in httpmethods),
+                        name=replace_methodname(route.name, methodname),
+                        initkwargs=initkwargs,
+                    ))
+            elif isinstance(route, DynamicListRoute):
+                # Dynamic list routes (@list_route decorator)
+                for httpmethods, methodname in list_routes:
                     initkwargs = route.initkwargs.copy()
                     initkwargs.update(getattr(viewset, methodname).kwargs)
                     ret.append(Route(
@@ -195,13 +219,16 @@ class SimpleRouter(BaseRouter):
 
         https://github.com/alanjds/drf-nested-routers
         """
-        if self.trailing_slash:
-            base_regex = '(?P<{lookup_prefix}{lookup_field}>[^/]+)'
-        else:
-            # Don't consume `.json` style suffixes
-            base_regex = '(?P<{lookup_prefix}{lookup_field}>[^/.]+)'
+        base_regex = '(?P<{lookup_prefix}{lookup_field}>{lookup_value})'
+        # Use `pk` as default field, unset set.  Default regex should not
+        # consume `.json` style suffixes and should break at '/' boundaries.
         lookup_field = getattr(viewset, 'lookup_field', 'pk')
-        return base_regex.format(lookup_field=lookup_field, lookup_prefix=lookup_prefix)
+        lookup_value = getattr(viewset, 'lookup_value_regex', '[^/.]+')
+        return base_regex.format(
+            lookup_prefix=lookup_prefix,
+            lookup_field=lookup_field,
+            lookup_value=lookup_value
+        )
 
     def get_urls(self):
         """

rest_framework/runtests/runcoverage.py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
-"""
-Useful tool to run the test suite for rest_framework and generate a coverage report.
-"""
-
-# http://ericholscher.com/blog/2009/jun/29/enable-setuppy-test-your-django-apps/
-# http://www.travisswicegood.com/2010/01/17/django-virtualenv-pip-and-fabric/
-# http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk/tests/runtests.py
-import os
-import sys
-
-# fix sys path so we don't need to setup PYTHONPATH
-sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../.."))
-os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'rest_framework.runtests.settings'
-
-from coverage import coverage
-
-
-def main():
-    """Run the tests for rest_framework and generate a coverage report."""
-
-    cov = coverage()
-    cov.erase()
-    cov.start()
-
-    from django.conf import settings
-    from django.test.utils import get_runner
-    TestRunner = get_runner(settings)
-
-    if hasattr(TestRunner, 'func_name'):
-        # Pre 1.2 test runners were just functions,
-        # and did not support the 'failfast' option.
-        import warnings
-        warnings.warn(
-            'Function-based test runners are deprecated. Test runners should be classes with a run_tests() method.',
-            DeprecationWarning
-        )
-        failures = TestRunner(['tests'])
-    else:
-        test_runner = TestRunner()
-        failures = test_runner.run_tests(['tests'])
-    cov.stop()
-
-    # Discover the list of all modules that we should test coverage for
-    import rest_framework
-
-    project_dir = os.path.dirname(rest_framework.__file__)
-    cov_files = []
-
-    for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(project_dir):
-        # Drop tests and runtests directories from the test coverage report
-        if os.path.basename(path) in ['tests', 'runtests', 'migrations']:
-            continue
-
-        # Drop the compat and six modules from coverage, since we're not interested in the coverage
-        # of modules which are specifically for resolving environment dependant imports.
-        # (Because we'll end up getting different coverage reports for it for each environment)
-        if 'compat.py' in files:
-            files.remove('compat.py')
-
-        if 'six.py' in files:
-            files.remove('six.py')
-
-        # Same applies to template tags module.
-        # This module has to include branching on Django versions,
-        # so it's never possible for it to have full coverage.
-        if 'rest_framework.py' in files:
-            files.remove('rest_framework.py')
-
-        cov_files.extend([os.path.join(path, file) for file in files if file.endswith('.py')])
-
-    cov.report(cov_files)
-    if '--html' in sys.argv:
-        cov.html_report(cov_files, directory='coverage')
-    sys.exit(failures)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()

rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# http://ericholscher.com/blog/2009/jun/29/enable-setuppy-test-your-django-apps/
-# http://www.travisswicegood.com/2010/01/17/django-virtualenv-pip-and-fabric/
-# http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk/tests/runtests.py
-import os
-import sys
-
-# fix sys path so we don't need to setup PYTHONPATH
-sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../.."))
-os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'rest_framework.runtests.settings'
-
-import django
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.test.utils import get_runner
-
-
-def usage():
-    return """
-    Usage: python runtests.py [UnitTestClass].[method]
-
-    You can pass the Class name of the `UnitTestClass` you want to test.
-
-    Append a method name if you only want to test a specific method of that class.
-    """
-
-
-def main():
-    try:
-        django.setup()
-    except AttributeError:
-        pass
-    TestRunner = get_runner(settings)
-
-    test_runner = TestRunner()
-    if len(sys.argv) == 2:
-        test_case = '.' + sys.argv[1]
-    elif len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        test_case = ''
-    else:
-        print(usage())
-        sys.exit(1)
-    test_module_name = 'rest_framework.tests'
-    if django.VERSION[0] == 1 and django.VERSION[1] < 6:
-        test_module_name = 'tests'
-
-    failures = test_runner.run_tests([test_module_name + test_case])
-
-    sys.exit(failures)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()

rest_framework/runtests/urls.py

-"""
-Blank URLConf just to keep runtests.py happy.
-"""
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns
-
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
-)

rest_framework/serializers.py

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ from django.contrib.contenttypes.generic import GenericForeignKey
 from django.core.paginator import Page
 from django.db import models
 from django.forms import widgets
+from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict
 from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
-from rest_framework.compat import get_concrete_model, six
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class BaseSerializer(WritableField):
     _dict_class = SortedDictWithMetadata
 
     def __init__(self, instance=None, data=None, files=None,
-                 context=None, partial=False, many=None,
+                 context=None, partial=False, many=False,
                  allow_add_remove=False, **kwargs):
         super(BaseSerializer, self).__init__(**kwargs)
         self.opts = self._options_class(self.Meta)
@@ -412,12 +412,7 @@ class BaseSerializer(WritableField):
         if value is None:
             return None
 
-        if self.many is not None:
-            many = self.many
-        else:
-            many = hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, (Page, dict, six.text_type))
-
-        if many:
+        if self.many:
             return [self.to_native(item) for item in value]
         return self.to_native(value)
 
@@ -454,9 +449,11 @@ class BaseSerializer(WritableField):
 
                 # If we have a model manager or similar object then we need
                 # to iterate through each instance.
-                if (self.many and
+                if (
+                    self.many and
                     not hasattr(obj, '__iter__') and
-                    is_simple_callable(getattr(obj, 'all', None))):
+                    is_simple_callable(getattr(obj, 'all', None))
+                ):
                     obj = obj.all()
 
                 kwargs = {
@@ -606,8 +603,10 @@ class BaseSerializer(WritableField):
         API schemas for auto-documentation.
         """
         return SortedDict(
-            [(field_name, field.metadata())
-            for field_name, field in six.iteritems(self.fields)]
+            [
+                (field_name, field.metadata())
+                for field_name, field in six.iteritems(self.fields)
+            ]
         )
 
 
@@ -661,9 +660,11 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
         """
 
         cls = self.opts.model
-        assert cls is not None, \
-                "Serializer class '%s' is missing 'model' Meta option" % self.__class__.__name__
-        opts = get_concrete_model(cls)._meta
+        assert cls is not None, (
+            "Serializer class '%s' is missing 'model' Meta option" %
+            self.__class__.__name__
+        )
+        opts = cls._meta.concrete_model._meta
         ret = SortedDict()
         nested = bool(self.opts.depth)
 
@@ -673,9 +674,9 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
             # If model is a child via multitable inheritance, use parent's pk
             pk_field = pk_field.rel.to._meta.pk
 
-        field = self.get_pk_field(pk_field)
-        if field:
-            ret[pk_field.name] = field
+        serializer_pk_field = self.get_pk_field(pk_field)
+        if serializer_pk_field:
+            ret[pk_field.name] = serializer_pk_field
 
         # Deal with forward relationships
         forward_rels = [field for field in opts.fields if field.serialize]
@@ -696,10 +697,10 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
                 if len(inspect.getargspec(self.get_nested_field).args) == 2:
                     warnings.warn(
                         'The `get_nested_field(model_field)` call signature '
-                        'is due to be deprecated. '
+                        'is deprecated. '
                         'Use `get_nested_field(model_field, related_model, '
                         'to_many) instead',
-                        PendingDeprecationWarning
+                        DeprecationWarning
                     )
                     field = self.get_nested_field(model_field)
                 else:
@@ -708,10 +709,10 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
                 if len(inspect.getargspec(self.get_nested_field).args) == 3:
                     warnings.warn(
                         'The `get_related_field(model_field, to_many)` call '
-                        'signature is due to be deprecated. '
+                        'signature is deprecated. '
                         'Use `get_related_field(model_field, related_model, '
                         'to_many) instead',
-                        PendingDeprecationWarning
+                        DeprecationWarning
                     )
                     field = self.get_related_field(model_field, to_many=to_many)
                 else:
@@ -744,9 +745,11 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
             is_m2m = isinstance(relation.field,
                                 models.fields.related.ManyToManyField)
 
-            if (is_m2m and
+            if (
+                is_m2m and
                 hasattr(relation.field.rel, 'through') and
-                not relation.field.rel.through._meta.auto_created):
+                not relation.field.rel.through._meta.auto_created
+            ):
                 has_through_model = True
 
             if nested:
@@ -881,6 +884,10 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
                 issubclass(model_field.__class__, models.PositiveSmallIntegerField):
             kwargs['min_value'] = 0
 
+        if model_field.null and \
+                issubclass(model_field.__class__, (models.CharField, models.TextField)):
+            kwargs['allow_none'] = True
+
         attribute_dict = {
             models.CharField: ['max_length'],
             models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField: ['max_length'],
@@ -907,15 +914,17 @@ class ModelSerializer(Serializer):
         Return a list of field names to exclude from model validation.
         """
         cls = self.opts.model
-        opts = get_concrete_model(cls)._meta
+        opts = cls._meta.concrete_model._meta
         exclusions = [field.name for field in opts.fields + opts.many_to_many]
 
         for field_name, field in self.fields.items():
             field_name = field.source or field_name
-            if field_name in exclusions \
-                and not field.read_only \
-                and (field.required or hasattr(instance, field_name)) \
-                and not isinstance(field, Serializer):
+            if (
+                field_name in exclusions
+                and not field.read_only
+                and (field.required or hasattr(instance, field_name))
+                and not isinstance(field, Serializer)
+            ):
                 exclusions.remove(field_name)
         return exclusions
 

rest_framework/settings.py

@@ -18,12 +18,9 @@ REST framework settings, checking for user settings first, then falling
 back to the defaults.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.utils import importlib
-
+from django.utils import importlib, six
 from rest_framework import ISO_8601
-from rest_framework.compat import six
 
 
 USER_SETTINGS = getattr(settings, 'REST_FRAMEWORK', None)
@@ -46,16 +43,12 @@ DEFAULTS = {
     'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
         'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny',
     ),
-    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
-    ),
-    'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS':
-        'rest_framework.negotiation.DefaultContentNegotiation',
+    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (),
+    'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.negotiation.DefaultContentNegotiation',
 
     # Genric view behavior
-    'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS':
-        'rest_framework.serializers.ModelSerializer',
-    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS':
-        'rest_framework.pagination.PaginationSerializer',
+    'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS': 'rest_framework.serializers.ModelSerializer',
+    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_SERIALIZER_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PaginationSerializer',
     'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': (),
 
     # Throttling
@@ -63,6 +56,7 @@ DEFAULTS = {
         'user': None,
         'anon': None,
     },
+    'NUM_PROXIES': None,
 
     # Pagination
     'PAGINATE_BY': None,
@@ -119,6 +113,7 @@ DEFAULTS = {
 
     # Pending deprecation
     'FILTER_BACKEND': None,
+
 }
 
 

rest_framework/six.py

-"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
-
-import operator
-import sys
-import types
-
-__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>"
-__version__ = "1.2.0"
-
-
-# True if we are running on Python 3.
-PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
-
-if PY3:
-    string_types = str,
-    integer_types = int,
-    class_types = type,
-    text_type = str
-    binary_type = bytes
-
-    MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
-else:
-    string_types = basestring,
-    integer_types = (int, long)
-    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
-    text_type = unicode
-    binary_type = str
-
-    if sys.platform == "java":
-        # Jython always uses 32 bits.
-        MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
-    else:
-        # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
-        class X(object):
-            def __len__(self):
-                return 1 << 31
-        try:
-            len(X())
-        except OverflowError:
-            # 32-bit
-            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
-        else:
-            # 64-bit
-            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
-            del X
-
-
-def _add_doc(func, doc):
-    """Add documentation to a function."""
-    func.__doc__ = doc
-
-
-def _import_module(name):
-    """Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
-    __import__(name)
-    return sys.modules[name]
-
-
-class _LazyDescr(object):
-
-    def __init__(self, name):
-        self.name = name
-
-    def __get__(self, obj, tp):
-        result = self._resolve()
-        setattr(obj, self.name, result)
-        # This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again.
-        delattr(tp, self.name)
-        return result
-
-
-class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
-
-    def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
-        super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
-        if PY3:
-            if new is None:
-                new = name
-            self.mod = new
-        else:
-            self.mod = old
-
-    def _resolve(self):
-        return _import_module(self.mod)
-
-
-class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
-
-    def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
-        super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
-        if PY3:
-            if new_mod is None:
-                new_mod = name
-            self.mod = new_mod
-            if new_attr is None:
-                if old_attr is None:
-                    new_attr = name
-                else:
-                    new_attr = old_attr
-            self.attr = new_attr
-        else:
-            self.mod = old_mod
-            if old_attr is None:
-                old_attr = name
-            self.attr = old_attr
-
-    def _resolve(self):
-        module = _import_module(self.mod)
-        return getattr(module, self.attr)
-
-
-
-class _MovedItems(types.ModuleType):
-    """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
-
-
-_moved_attributes = [
-    MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
-    MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
-    MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
-    MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
-    MovedAttribute("reload_module", "__builtin__", "imp", "reload"),
-    MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
-    MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
-    MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
-    MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
-
-    MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
-    MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
-    MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
-    MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
-    MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
-    MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
-    MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
-    MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
-    MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
-    MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
-    MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
-    MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
-    MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
-    MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
-    MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser",
-                "tkinter.colorchooser"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog",
-                "tkinter.commondialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
-    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog",
-                "tkinter.simpledialog"),
-    MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
-    MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
-]
-for attr in _moved_attributes:
-    setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
-del attr
-
-moves = sys.modules["django.utils.six.moves"] = _MovedItems("moves")
-
-
-def add_move(move):
-    """Add an item to six.moves."""
-    setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
-
-
-def remove_move(name):
-    """Remove item from six.moves."""
-    try:
-        delattr(_MovedItems, name)
-    except AttributeError:
-        try:
-            del moves.__dict__[name]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
-
-
-if PY3:
-    _meth_func = "__func__"
-    _meth_self = "__self__"
-
-    _func_code = "__code__"
-    _func_defaults = "__defaults__"
-
-    _iterkeys = "keys"
-    _itervalues = "values"
-    _iteritems = "items"
-else:
-    _meth_func = "im_func"
-    _meth_self = "im_self"
-
-    _func_code = "func_code"
-    _func_defaults = "func_defaults"
-
-    _iterkeys = "iterkeys"
-    _itervalues = "itervalues"
-    _iteritems = "iteritems"
-
-
-try:
-    advance_iterator = next
-except NameError:
-    def advance_iterator(it):
-        return it.next()
-next = advance_iterator
-
-
-if PY3:
-    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
-        return unbound
-
-    Iterator = object
-
-    def callable(obj):
-        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
-else:
-    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
-        return unbound.im_func
-
-    class Iterator(object):
-
-        def next(self):
-            return type(self).__next__(self)
-
-    callable = callable
-_add_doc(get_unbound_function,
-         """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function""")
-
-
-get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
-get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
-get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
-get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
-
-
-def iterkeys(d):
-    """Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary."""
-    return iter(getattr(d, _iterkeys)())
-
-def itervalues(d):
-    """Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary."""
-    return iter(getattr(d, _itervalues)())
-
-def iteritems(d):
-    """Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary."""
-    return iter(getattr(d, _iteritems)())
-
-
-if PY3:
-    def b(s):
-        return s.encode("latin-1")
-    def u(s):
-        return s
-    if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
-        def int2byte(i):
-            return bytes((i,))
-    else:
-        # This is about 2x faster than the implementation above on 3.2+
-        int2byte = operator.methodcaller("to_bytes", 1, "big")
-    import io
-    StringIO = io.StringIO
-    BytesIO = io.BytesIO
-else:
-    def b(s):
-        return s
-    def u(s):
-        return unicode(s, "unicode_escape")
-    int2byte = chr
-    import StringIO
-    StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
-_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
-_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
-
-
-if PY3:
-    import builtins
-    exec_ = getattr(builtins, "exec")
-
-
-    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
-        if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
-            raise value.with_traceback(tb)
-        raise value
-
-
-    print_ = getattr(builtins, "print")
-    del builtins
-
-else:
-    def exec_(code, globs=None, locs=None):
-        """Execute code in a namespace."""
-        if globs is None:
-            frame = sys._getframe(1)
-            globs = frame.f_globals
-            if locs is None:
-                locs = frame.f_locals
-            del frame
-        elif locs is None:
-            locs = globs
-        exec("""exec code in globs, locs""")
-
-
-    exec_("""def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
-    raise tp, value, tb
-""")
-
-
-    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
-        """The new-style print function."""
-        fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
-        if fp is None:
-            return
-        def write(data):
-            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
-                data = str(data)
-            fp.write(data)
-        want_unicode = False
-        sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
-        if sep is not None:
-            if isinstance(sep, unicode):
-                want_unicode = True
-            elif not isinstance(sep, str):
-                raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
-        end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
-        if end is not None:
-            if isinstance(end, unicode):
-                want_unicode = True
-            elif not isinstance(end, str):
-                raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
-        if kwargs:
-            raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
-        if not want_unicode:
-            for arg in args:
-                if isinstance(arg, unicode):
-                    want_unicode = True
-                    break
-        if want_unicode:
-            newline = unicode("\n")
-            space = unicode(" ")
-        else:
-            newline = "\n"
-            space = " "
-        if sep is None:
-            sep = space
-        if end is None:
-            end = newline
-        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
-            if i:
-                write(sep)
-            write(arg)
-        write(end)
-
-_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
-
-
-def with_metaclass(meta, base=object):
-    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
-    return meta("NewBase", (base,), {})
-
-
-### Additional customizations for Django ###
-
-if PY3:
-    _iterlists = "lists"
-    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
-else:
-    _iterlists = "iterlists"
-    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
-
-
-def iterlists(d):
-    """Return an iterator over the values of a MultiValueDict."""
-    return getattr(d, _iterlists)()
-
-
-def assertRaisesRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
-    return getattr(self, _assertRaisesRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-add_move(MovedModule("_dummy_thread", "dummy_thread"))
-add_move(MovedModule("_thread", "thread"))

rest_framework/status.py

@@ -10,15 +10,19 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 def is_informational(code):
     return code >= 100 and code <= 199
 
+
 def is_success(code):
     return code >= 200 and code <= 299
 
+
 def is_redirect(code):
     return code >= 300 and code <= 399
 
+
 def is_client_error(code):
     return code >= 400 and code <= 499
 
+
 def is_server_error(code):
     return code >= 500 and code <= 599
 

rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/base.html

 {% load url from future %}
+{% load staticfiles %}
 {% load rest_framework %}
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>

rest_framework/templates/rest_framework/login_base.html

 {% extends "rest_framework/base.html" %}
 {% load url from future %}
+{% load staticfiles %}
 {% load rest_framework %}
 
     {% block body %}

rest_framework/templatetags/rest_framework.py

@@ -2,98 +2,17 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals, absolute_import
 from django import template
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse, NoReverseMatch
 from django.http import QueryDict
+from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import iri_to_uri
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.utils.safestring import SafeData, mark_safe
-from rest_framework.compat import urlparse, force_text, six, smart_urlquote
+from django.utils.html import smart_urlquote
+from rest_framework.compat import urlparse, force_text
 import re
 
 register = template.Library()
 
 
-# Note we don't use 'load staticfiles', because we need a 1.3 compatible
-# version, so instead we include the `static` template tag ourselves.
-
-# When 1.3 becomes unsupported by REST framework, we can instead start to
-# use the {% load staticfiles %} tag, remove the following code,
-# and add a dependency that `django.contrib.staticfiles` must be installed.
-
-# Note: We can't put this into the `compat` module because the compat import
-# from rest_framework.compat import ...
-# conflicts with this rest_framework template tag module.
-
-try:  # Django 1.5+
-    from django.contrib.staticfiles.templatetags.staticfiles import StaticFilesNode
-
-    @register.tag('static')
-    def do_static(parser, token):
-        return StaticFilesNode.handle_token(parser, token)
-
-except ImportError:
-    try:  # Django 1.4
-        from django.contrib.staticfiles.storage import staticfiles_storage
-
-        @register.simple_tag
-        def static(path):
-            """
-            A template tag that returns the URL to a file
-            using staticfiles' storage backend
-            """
-            return staticfiles_storage.url(path)
-
-    except ImportError:  # Django 1.3
-        from urlparse import urljoin
-        from django import template
-        from django.templatetags.static import PrefixNode
-
-        class StaticNode(template.Node):
-            def __init__(self, varname=None, path=None):
-                if path is None:
-                    raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(
-                        "Static template nodes must be given a path to return.")
-                self.path = path
-                self.varname = varname
-
-            def url(self, context):
-                path = self.path.resolve(context)
-                return self.handle_simple(path)
-
-            def render(self, context):
-                url = self.url(context)
-                if self.varname is None:
-                    return url
-                context[self.varname] = url
-                return ''
-
-            @classmethod
-            def handle_simple(cls, path):
-                return urljoin(PrefixNode.handle_simple("STATIC_URL"), path)
-
-            @classmethod
-            def handle_token(cls, parser, token):
-                """
-                Class method to parse prefix node and return a Node.
-                """
-                bits = token.split_contents()
-
-                if len(bits) < 2:
-                    raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(
-                        "'%s' takes at least one argument (path to file)" % bits[0])
-
-                path = parser.compile_filter(bits[1])
-
-                if len(bits) >= 2 and bits[-2] == 'as':
-                    varname = bits[3]
-                else:
-                    varname = None
-
-                return cls(varname, path)
-
-        @register.tag('static')
-        def do_static_13(parser, token):
-            return StaticNode.handle_token(parser, token)
-
-
 def replace_query_param(url, key, val):
     """
     Given a URL and a key/val pair, set or replace an item in the query
@@ -234,8 +153,10 @@ def urlize_quoted_links(text, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=True, autoescape=Tru
                     middle = middle[len(opening):]
                     lead = lead + opening
                 # Keep parentheses at the end only if they're balanced.
-                if (middle.endswith(closing)
-                    and middle.count(closing) == middle.count(opening) + 1):
+                if (
+                    middle.endswith(closing)
+                    and middle.count(closing) == middle.count(opening) + 1
+                ):
                     middle = middle[:-len(closing)]
                     trail = closing + trail
 
@@ -246,7 +167,7 @@ def urlize_quoted_links(text, trim_url_limit=None, nofollow=True, autoescape=Tru
                 url = smart_urlquote_wrapper(middle)
             elif simple_url_2_re.match(middle):
                 url = smart_urlquote_wrapper('http://%s' % middle)
-            elif not ':' in middle and simple_email_re.match(middle):
+            elif ':' not in middle and simple_email_re.match(middle):
                 local, domain = middle.rsplit('@', 1)
                 try:
                     domain = domain.encode('idna').decode('ascii')

rest_framework/test.py

@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.test.client import Client as DjangoClient
 from django.test.client import ClientHandler
 from django.test import testcases
+from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.http import urlencode
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.compat import RequestFactory as DjangoRequestFactory
-from rest_framework.compat import force_bytes_or_smart_bytes, six
+from rest_framework.compat import force_bytes_or_smart_bytes
 
 
 def force_authenticate(request, user=None, token=None):
@@ -49,9 +50,10 @@ class APIRequestFactory(DjangoRequestFactory):
         else:
             format = format or self.default_format
 
-            assert format in self.renderer_classes, ("Invalid format '{0}'. "
-                "Available formats are {1}.  Set TEST_REQUEST_RENDERER_CLASSES "
-                "to enable extra request formats.".format(
+            assert format in self.renderer_classes, (
+                "Invalid format '{0}'. Available formats are {1}. "
+                "Set TEST_REQUEST_RENDERER_CLASSES to enable "
+                "extra request formats.".format(
                     format,
                     ', '.join(["'" + fmt + "'" for fmt in self.renderer_classes.keys()])
                 )

rest_framework/tests/tests.py

-"""
-Force import of all modules in this package in order to get the standard test
-runner to pick up the tests.  Yowzers.
-"""
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-import os
-import django
-
-modules = [filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
-           for filename in os.listdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-           if filename.endswith('.py') and not filename.startswith('_')]
-__test__ = dict()
-
-if django.VERSION < (1, 6):
-    for module in modules:
-        exec("from rest_framework.tests.%s import *" % module)

rest_framework/throttling.py

@@ -18,6 +18,25 @@ class BaseThrottle(object):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError('.allow_request() must be overridden')
 
+    def get_ident(self, request):
+        """
+        Identify the machine making the request by parsing HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
+        if present and number of proxies is > 0. If not use all of
+        HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR if it is available, if not use REMOTE_ADDR.
+        """
+        xff = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
+        remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
+        num_proxies = api_settings.NUM_PROXIES
+
+        if num_proxies is not None:
+            if num_proxies == 0 or xff is None:
+                return remote_addr
+            addrs = xff.split(',')
+            client_addr = addrs[-min(num_proxies, len(xff))]
+            return client_addr.strip()
+
+        return xff if xff else remote_addr
+
     def wait(self):
         """
         Optionally, return a recommended number of seconds to wait before
@@ -162,7 +181,7 @@ class AnonRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
 
         return self.cache_format % {
             'scope': self.scope,
-            'ident': ident
+            'ident': self.get_ident(request)
         }
 
 
@@ -180,7 +199,7 @@ class UserRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
         if request.user.is_authenticated():
             ident = request.user.id
         else:
-            ident = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', None)
+            ident = self.get_ident(request)
 
         return self.cache_format % {
             'scope': self.scope,
@@ -228,7 +247,7 @@ class ScopedRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
         if request.user.is_authenticated():
             ident = request.user.id
         else:
-            ident = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', None)
+            ident = self.get_ident(request)
 
         return self.cache_format % {
             'scope': self.scope,

rest_framework/urlpatterns.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import url, include
 from django.core.urlresolvers import RegexURLResolver
-from rest_framework.compat import url, include
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 
 

rest_framework/urls.py

@@ -8,17 +8,19 @@ your API requires authentication:
         ...
         url(r'^auth', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
     )
-    
+
 The urls must be namespaced as 'rest_framework', and you should make sure
 your authentication settings include `SessionAuthentication`.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
+from django.contrib.auth import views
 
 
 template_name = {'template_name': 'rest_framework/login.html'}
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('django.contrib.auth.views',
-    url(r'^login/$', 'login', template_name, name='login'),
-    url(r'^logout/$', 'logout', template_name, name='logout'),
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
+    url(r'^login/$', views.login, template_name, name='login'),
+    url(r'^logout/$', views.logout, template_name, name='logout')
 )

rest_framework/utils/encoders.py

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 Helper classes for parsers.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
 from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict
 from django.utils.functional import Promise
-from rest_framework.compat import timezone, force_text
+from rest_framework.compat import force_text
 from rest_framework.serializers import DictWithMetadata, SortedDictWithMetadata
 import datetime
 import decimal
@@ -97,14 +98,23 @@ else:
                     node.flow_style = best_style
             return node
 
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(decimal.Decimal,
-            SafeDumper.represent_decimal)
-
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(SortedDict,
-            yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict)
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(DictWithMetadata,
-            yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict)
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(SortedDictWithMetadata,
-            yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict)
-    SafeDumper.add_representer(types.GeneratorType,
-            yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_list)
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        decimal.Decimal,
+        SafeDumper.represent_decimal
+    )
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        SortedDict,
+        yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict
+    )
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        DictWithMetadata,
+        yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict
+    )
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        SortedDictWithMetadata,
+        yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_dict
+    )
+    SafeDumper.add_representer(
+        types.GeneratorType,
+        yaml.representer.SafeRepresenter.represent_list
+    )

rest_framework/utils/formatting.py

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.utils.html import escape
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 from rest_framework.compat import apply_markdown
-from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
-from textwrap import dedent
 import re
 
 
@@ -40,6 +38,7 @@ def dedent(content):
 
     return content.strip()
 
+
 def camelcase_to_spaces(content):
     """
     Translate 'CamelCaseNames' to 'Camel Case Names'.
@@ -49,6 +48,7 @@ def camelcase_to_spaces(content):
     content = re.sub(camelcase_boundry, ' \\1', content).strip()
     return ' '.join(content.split('_')).title()
 
+
 def markup_description(description):
     """
     Apply HTML markup to the given description.

rest_framework/utils/mediatypes.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class _MediaType(object):
             if key != 'q' and other.params.get(key, None) != self.params.get(key, None):
                 return False
 
-        if self.sub_type != '*' and other.sub_type != '*'  and other.sub_type != self.sub_type:
+        if self.sub_type != '*' and other.sub_type != '*' and other.sub_type != self.sub_type:
             return False
 
         if self.main_type != '*' and other.main_type != '*' and other.main_type != self.main_type:
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class _MediaType(object):
         return 3
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
+        return self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
 
     def __unicode__(self):
         ret = "%s/%s" % (self.main_type, self.sub_type)

rest_framework/views.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ def get_view_name(view_cls, suffix=None):
 
     return name
 
+
 def get_view_description(view_cls, html=False):
     """
     Given a view class, return a textual description to represent the view.
@@ -119,7 +120,6 @@ class APIView(View):
             headers['Vary'] = 'Accept'
         return headers
 
-
     def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         """
         If `request.method` does not correspond to a handler method,

rest_framework/viewsets.py

@@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ class ReadOnlyModelViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
 
 
 class ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
-                    mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
-                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
-                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
-                    mixins.ListModelMixin,
-                    GenericViewSet):
+                   mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
+                   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
+                   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
+                   mixins.ListModelMixin,
+                   GenericViewSet):
     """
     A viewset that provides default `create()`, `retrieve()`, `update()`,
     `partial_update()`, `destroy()` and `list()` actions.

runtests.py

+#! /usr/bin/env python
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import pytest
+import sys
+import os
+import subprocess
+
+
+PYTEST_ARGS = {
+    'default': ['tests'],
+    'fast': ['tests', '-q'],
+}
+
+FLAKE8_ARGS = ['rest_framework', 'tests', '--ignore=E501']
+
+
+sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+def exit_on_failure(ret, message=None):
+    if ret:
+        sys.exit(ret)
+
+def flake8_main(args):
+    print('Running flake8 code linting')
+    ret = subprocess.call(['flake8'] + args)
+    print('flake8 failed' if ret else 'flake8 passed')
+    return ret
+
+def split_class_and_function(string):
+    class_string, function_string = string.split('.', 1)
+    return "%s and %s" % (class_string, function_string)
+
+def is_function(string):
+    # `True` if it looks like a test function is included in the string.
+    return string.startswith('test_') or '.test_' in string
+
+def is_class(string):
+    # `True` if first character is uppercase - assume it's a class name.
+    return string[0] == string[0].upper()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    try:
+        sys.argv.remove('--nolint')
+    except ValueError:
+        run_flake8 = True
+    else:
+        run_flake8 = False
+
+    try:
+        sys.argv.remove('--lintonly')
+    except ValueError:
+        run_tests = True
+    else:
+        run_tests = False
+
+    try:
+        sys.argv.remove('--fast')
+    except ValueError:
+        style = 'default'
+    else:
+        style = 'fast'
+        run_flake8 = False
+
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        pytest_args = sys.argv[1:]
+        first_arg = pytest_args[0]
+        if first_arg.startswith('-'):
+            # `runtests.py [flags]`
+            pytest_args = ['tests'] + pytest_args
+        elif is_class(first_arg) and is_function(first_arg):
+            # `runtests.py TestCase.test_function [flags]`
+            expression = split_class_and_function(first_arg)
+            pytest_args = ['tests', '-k', expression] + pytest_args[1:]
+        elif is_class(first_arg) or is_function(first_arg):
+            # `runtests.py TestCase [flags]` 
+            # `runtests.py test_function [flags]`
+            pytest_args = ['tests', '-k', pytest_args[0]] + pytest_args[1:]
+    else:
+        pytest_args = PYTEST_ARGS[style]
+
+    if run_tests:
+        exit_on_failure(pytest.main(pytest_args))
+    if run_flake8:
+        exit_on_failure(flake8_main(FLAKE8_ARGS))

setup.py

@@ -2,11 +2,26 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 from setuptools import setup
+from setuptools.command.test import test as TestCommand
 import re
 import os
 import sys
 
 
+# This command has been borrowed from
+# https://github.com/getsentry/sentry/blob/master/setup.py
+class PyTest(TestCommand):
+    def finalize_options(self):
+        TestCommand.finalize_options(self)
+        self.test_args = ['tests']
+        self.test_suite = True
+
+    def run_tests(self):
+        import pytest
+        errno = pytest.main(self.test_args)
+        sys.exit(errno)
+
+
 def get_version(package):
     """
     Return package version as listed in `__version__` in `init.py`.
@@ -62,7 +77,7 @@ setup(
     author_email='tom@tomchristie.com',  # SEE NOTE BELOW (*)
     packages=get_packages('rest_framework'),
     package_data=get_package_data('rest_framework'),
-    test_suite='rest_framework.runtests.runtests.main',
+    cmdclass={'test': PyTest},
     install_requires=[],
     classifiers=[
         'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',

rest_framework/tests/accounts/models.py → tests/accounts/models.py

 from django.db import models
 
-from rest_framework.tests.users.models import User
+from tests.users.models import User
 
 
 class Account(models.Model):

rest_framework/tests/accounts/serializers.py → tests/accounts/serializers.py

 from rest_framework import serializers
 
-from rest_framework.tests.accounts.models import Account
-from rest_framework.tests.users.serializers import UserSerializer
+from tests.accounts.models import Account
+from tests.users.serializers import UserSerializer
 
 
 class AccountSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

tests/conftest.py

+def pytest_configure():
+    from django.conf import settings
+
+    settings.configure(
+        DEBUG_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS=True,
+        DATABASES={'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
+                               'NAME': ':memory:'}},
+        SECRET_KEY='not very secret in tests',
+        USE_I18N=True,
+        USE_L10N=True,
+        STATIC_URL='/static/',
+        ROOT_URLCONF='tests.urls',
+        TEMPLATE_LOADERS=(
+            'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
+            'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
+        ),
+        MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
+            'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
+            'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
+            'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
+            'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
+            'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
+        ),
+        INSTALLED_APPS=(
+            'django.contrib.auth',
+            'django.contrib.contenttypes',
+            'django.contrib.sessions',
+            'django.contrib.sites',
+            'django.contrib.messages',
+            'django.contrib.staticfiles',
+
+            'rest_framework',
+            'rest_framework.authtoken',
+            'tests',
+            'tests.accounts',
+            'tests.records',
+            'tests.users',
+        ),
+        PASSWORD_HASHERS=(
+            'django.contrib.auth.hashers.SHA1PasswordHasher',
+            'django.contrib.auth.hashers.PBKDF2PasswordHasher',
+            'django.contrib.auth.hashers.PBKDF2SHA1PasswordHasher',
+            'django.contrib.auth.hashers.BCryptPasswordHasher',
+            'django.contrib.auth.hashers.MD5PasswordHasher',
+            'django.contrib.auth.hashers.CryptPasswordHasher',
+        ),
+    )
+
+    try:
+        import oauth_provider  # NOQA
+        import oauth2  # NOQA
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        settings.INSTALLED_APPS += (
+            'oauth_provider',
+        )
+
+    try:
+        import provider  # NOQA
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        settings.INSTALLED_APPS += (
+            'provider',
+            'provider.oauth2',
+        )
+
+    # guardian is optional
+    try:
+        import guardian  # NOQA
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        settings.ANONYMOUS_USER_ID = -1
+        settings.AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
+            'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
+            'guardian.backends.ObjectPermissionBackend',
+        )
+        settings.INSTALLED_APPS += (
+            'guardian',
+        )
+
+    try:
+        import django
+        django.setup()
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass

rest_framework/tests/models.py → tests/models.py

@@ -60,6 +60,18 @@ class ReadOnlyManyToManyModel(RESTFrameworkModel):
     rel = models.ManyToManyField(Anchor)
 
 
+class BaseFilterableItem(RESTFrameworkModel):
+    text = models.CharField(max_length=100)
+
+    class Meta:
+        abstract = True
+
+
+class FilterableItem(BaseFilterableItem):
+    decimal = models.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
+    date = models.DateField()
+
+
 # Model for regression test for #285
 
 class Comment(RESTFrameworkModel):
@@ -172,10 +184,3 @@ class NullableOneToOneSource(RESTFrameworkModel):
 class BasicModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
     class Meta:
         model = BasicModel
-
-
-# Models to test filters
-class FilterableItem(models.Model):
-    text = models.CharField(max_length=100)
-    decimal = models.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=2)
-    date = models.DateField()

rest_framework/tests/serializers.py → tests/serializers.py

 from rest_framework import serializers
-
-from rest_framework.tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource
+from tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource
 
 
 class NullableFKSourceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

rest_framework/runtests/settings.py → tests/settings.py

@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ SECRET_KEY = 'u@x-aj9(hoh#rb-^ymf#g2jx_hp0vj7u5#b@ag1n^seu9e!%cy'
 TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
     'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
     'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
-#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
 )
 
 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
     'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 )
 
-ROOT_URLCONF = 'urls'
+ROOT_URLCONF = 'tests.urls'
 
 TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
     # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
@@ -93,22 +92,19 @@ INSTALLED_APPS = (
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.sites',
     'django.contrib.messages',
-    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
-    # 'django.contrib.admin',
-    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
-    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
+    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
     'rest_framework',
     'rest_framework.authtoken',
-    'rest_framework.tests',
-    'rest_framework.tests.accounts',
-    'rest_framework.tests.records',
-    'rest_framework.tests.users',
+    'tests',
+    'tests.accounts',
+    'tests.records',
+    'tests.users',
 )
 
 # OAuth is optional and won't work if there is no oauth_provider & oauth2
 try:
-    import oauth_provider
-    import oauth2
+    import oauth_provider  # NOQA
+    import oauth2  # NOQA
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
@@ -117,7 +113,7 @@ else:
     )
 
 try:
-    import provider
+    import provider  # NOQA
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
@@ -128,13 +124,13 @@ else:
 
 # guardian is optional
 try:
-    import guardian
+    import guardian  # NOQA
 except ImportError:
     pass
 else:
     ANONYMOUS_USER_ID = -1
     AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
-        'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend', # default
+        'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',  # default
         'guardian.backends.ObjectPermissionBackend',
     )
     INSTALLED_APPS += (

rest_framework/tests/test_authentication.py → tests/test_authentication.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.http import HttpResponse
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils import unittest
+from django.utils import six, unittest
 from django.utils.http import urlencode
 from rest_framework import HTTP_HEADER_ENCODING
 from rest_framework import exceptions
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ from rest_framework.authentication import (
     OAuth2Authentication
 )
 from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url, include, six
 from rest_framework.compat import oauth2_provider, oauth2_provider_scope
 from rest_framework.compat import oauth, oauth_provider
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory, APIClient
@@ -44,32 +44,45 @@ class MockView(APIView):
         return HttpResponse({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
 
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     (r'^session/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[SessionAuthentication])),
     (r'^basic/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[BasicAuthentication])),
     (r'^token/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[TokenAuthentication])),
     (r'^auth-token/$', 'rest_framework.authtoken.views.obtain_auth_token'),
     (r'^oauth/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuthAuthentication])),
-    (r'^oauth-with-scope/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuthAuthentication],
-        permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope]))
+    (
+        r'^oauth-with-scope/$',
+        MockView.as_view(
+            authentication_classes=[OAuthAuthentication],
+            permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope]
+        )
+    )
 )
 
+
 class OAuth2AuthenticationDebug(OAuth2Authentication):
     allow_query_params_token = True
 
 if oauth2_provider is not None:
-    urlpatterns += patterns('',
+    urlpatterns += patterns(
+        '',
         url(r'^oauth2/', include('provider.oauth2.urls', namespace='oauth2')),
         url(r'^oauth2-test/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuth2Authentication])),
         url(r'^oauth2-test-debug/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuth2AuthenticationDebug])),
-        url(r'^oauth2-with-scope-test/$', MockView.as_view(authentication_classes=[OAuth2Authentication],
-            permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope])),
+        url(
+            r'^oauth2-with-scope-test/$',
+            MockView.as_view(
+                authentication_classes=[OAuth2Authentication],
+                permission_classes=[permissions.TokenHasReadWriteScope]
+            )
+        )
     )
 
 
 class BasicAuthTests(TestCase):
     """Basic authentication"""
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication'
+    urls = 'tests.test_authentication'
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.csrf_client = APIClient(enforce_csrf_checks=True)
@@ -108,7 +121,7 @@ class BasicAuthTests(TestCase):
 
 class SessionAuthTests(TestCase):
     """User session authentication"""
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication'
+    urls = 'tests.test_authentication'
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.csrf_client = APIClient(enforce_csrf_checks=True)
@@ -155,7 +168,7 @@ class SessionAuthTests(TestCase):
 
 class TokenAuthTests(TestCase):
     """Token authentication"""
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication'
+    urls = 'tests.test_authentication'
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.csrf_client = APIClient(enforce_csrf_checks=True)
@@ -255,7 +268,7 @@ class IncorrectCredentialsTests(TestCase):
 
 class OAuthTests(TestCase):
     """OAuth 1.0a authentication"""
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication'
+    urls = 'tests.test_authentication'
 
     def setUp(self):
         # these imports are here because oauth is optional and hiding them in try..except block or compat
@@ -277,12 +290,16 @@ class OAuthTests(TestCase):
         self.TOKEN_KEY = "token_key"
         self.TOKEN_SECRET = "token_secret"
 
-        self.consumer = Consumer.objects.create(key=self.CONSUMER_KEY, secret=self.CONSUMER_SECRET,
-            name='example', user=self.user, status=self.consts.ACCEPTED)
+        self.consumer = Consumer.objects.create(
+            key=self.CONSUMER_KEY, secret=self.CONSUMER_SECRET,
+            name='example', user=self.user, status=self.consts.ACCEPTED
+        )
 
         self.scope = Scope.objects.create(name="resource name", url="api/")
-        self.token = OAuthToken.objects.create(user=self.user, consumer=self.consumer, scope=self.scope,
-            token_type=OAuthToken.ACCESS, key=self.TOKEN_KEY, secret=self.TOKEN_SECRET, is_approved=True
+        self.token = OAuthToken.objects.create(
+            user=self.user, consumer=self.consumer, scope=self.scope,
+            token_type=OAuthToken.ACCESS, key=self.TOKEN_KEY, secret=self.TOKEN_SECRET,
+            is_approved=True
         )
 
     def _create_authorization_header(self):
@@ -485,7 +502,7 @@ class OAuthTests(TestCase):
 
 class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
     """OAuth 2.0 authentication"""
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_authentication'
+    urls = 'tests.test_authentication'
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.csrf_client = APIClient(enforce_csrf_checks=True)
@@ -500,24 +517,24 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
         self.REFRESH_TOKEN = "refresh_token"
 
         self.oauth2_client = oauth2_provider.oauth2.models.Client.objects.create(
-                client_id=self.CLIENT_ID,
-                client_secret=self.CLIENT_SECRET,
-                redirect_uri='',
-                client_type=0,
-                name='example',
-                user=None,
-            )
+            client_id=self.CLIENT_ID,
+            client_secret=self.CLIENT_SECRET,
+            redirect_uri='',
+            client_type=0,
+            name='example',
+            user=None,
+        )
 
         self.access_token = oauth2_provider.oauth2.models.AccessToken.objects.create(
-                token=self.ACCESS_TOKEN,
-                client=self.oauth2_client,
-                user=self.user,
-            )
+            token=self.ACCESS_TOKEN,
+            client=self.oauth2_client,
+            user=self.user,
+        )
         self.refresh_token = oauth2_provider.oauth2.models.RefreshToken.objects.create(
-                user=self.user,
-                access_token=self.access_token,
-                client=self.oauth2_client
-            )
+            user=self.user,
+            access_token=self.access_token,
+            client=self.oauth2_client
+        )
 
     def _create_authorization_header(self, token=None):
         return "Bearer {0}".format(token or self.access_token.token)
@@ -568,8 +585,10 @@ class OAuth2Tests(TestCase):
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')
     def test_post_form_passing_auth_url_transport(self):
         """Ensure GETing form over OAuth with correct client credentials in form data succeed"""
-        response = self.csrf_client.post('/oauth2-test/',
-                data={'access_token': self.access_token.token})
+        response = self.csrf_client.post(
+            '/oauth2-test/',
+            data={'access_token': self.access_token.token}
+        )
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(oauth2_provider, 'django-oauth2-provider not installed')

rest_framework/tests/test_breadcrumbs.py → tests/test_breadcrumbs.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.test import TestCase
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.utils.breadcrumbs import get_breadcrumbs
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ class NestedResourceRoot(APIView):
 class NestedResourceInstance(APIView):
     pass
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     url(r'^$', Root.as_view()),
     url(r'^resource/$', ResourceRoot.as_view()),
     url(r'^resource/(?P<key>[0-9]+)$', ResourceInstance.as_view()),
@@ -36,38 +37,64 @@ urlpatterns = patterns('',
 class BreadcrumbTests(TestCase):
     """Tests the breadcrumb functionality used by the HTML renderer."""
 
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_breadcrumbs'
+    urls = 'tests.test_breadcrumbs'
 
     def test_root_breadcrumbs(self):
         url = '/'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [('Root', '/')]
+        )
 
     def test_resource_root_breadcrumbs(self):
         url = '/resource/'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/'),
-                                            ('Resource Root', '/resource/')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [
+                ('Root', '/'),
+                ('Resource Root', '/resource/')
+            ]
+        )
 
     def test_resource_instance_breadcrumbs(self):
         url = '/resource/123'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/'),
-                                            ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
-                                            ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [
+                ('Root', '/'),
+                ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
+                ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123')
+            ]
+        )
 
     def test_nested_resource_breadcrumbs(self):
         url = '/resource/123/'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/'),
-                                            ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
-                                            ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123'),
-                                            ('Nested Resource Root', '/resource/123/')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [
+                ('Root', '/'),
+                ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
+                ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123'),
+                ('Nested Resource Root', '/resource/123/')
+            ]
+        )
 
     def test_nested_resource_instance_breadcrumbs(self):
         url = '/resource/123/abc'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/'),
-                                            ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
-                                            ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123'),
-                                            ('Nested Resource Root', '/resource/123/'),
-                                            ('Nested Resource Instance', '/resource/123/abc')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [
+                ('Root', '/'),
+                ('Resource Root', '/resource/'),
+                ('Resource Instance', '/resource/123'),
+                ('Nested Resource Root', '/resource/123/'),
+                ('Nested Resource Instance', '/resource/123/abc')
+            ]
+        )
 
     def test_broken_url_breadcrumbs_handled_gracefully(self):
         url = '/foobar'
-        self.assertEqual(get_breadcrumbs(url), [('Root', '/')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_breadcrumbs(url),
+            [('Root', '/')]
+        )

rest_framework/tests/test_description.py → tests/test_description.py

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework.compat import apply_markdown, smart_text
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
-from rest_framework.tests.description import ViewWithNonASCIICharactersInDocstring
-from rest_framework.tests.description import UTF8_TEST_DOCSTRING
+from .description import ViewWithNonASCIICharactersInDocstring
+from .description import UTF8_TEST_DOCSTRING
 
 # We check that docstrings get nicely un-indented.
 DESCRIPTION = """an example docstring

rest_framework/tests/test_fields.py → tests/test_fields.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict
 from rest_framework import serializers
-from rest_framework.tests.models import RESTFrameworkModel
+from tests.models import RESTFrameworkModel
 
 
 class TimestampedModel(models.Model):
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
         s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '123'})
 
         self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 100.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure this value is less than or equal to 100.']})
 
     def test_raise_min_value(self):
         """
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
         s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '99'})
 
         self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 100.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure this value is greater than or equal to 100.']})
 
     def test_raise_max_digits(self):
         """
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
         s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '123.456'})
 
         self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 5 digits in total.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 5 digits in total.']})
 
     def test_raise_max_decimal_places(self):
         """
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
         s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '123.4567'})
 
         self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 3 decimal places.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 3 decimal places.']})
 
     def test_raise_max_whole_digits(self):
         """
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ class DecimalFieldTest(TestCase):
         s = DecimalSerializer(data={'decimal_field': '12345.6'})
 
         self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 4 digits in total.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'decimal_field': ['Ensure that there are no more than 4 digits in total.']})
 
 
 class ChoiceFieldTests(TestCase):
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ class ChoiceFieldTests(TestCase):
     def test_invalid_choice_model(self):
         s = ChoiceFieldModelSerializer(data={'choice': 'wrong_value'})
         self.assertFalse(s.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'choice': ['Select a valid choice. wrong_value is not one of the available choices.']})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'choice': ['Select a valid choice. wrong_value is not one of the available choices.']})
         self.assertEqual(s.data['choice'], '')
 
     def test_empty_choice_model(self):
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ class SlugFieldTests(TestCase):
         s = SlugFieldSerializer(data={'slug_field': 'a b'})
 
         self.assertEqual(s.is_valid(), False)
-        self.assertEqual(s.errors,  {'slug_field': ["Enter a valid 'slug' consisting of letters, numbers, underscores or hyphens."]})
+        self.assertEqual(s.errors, {'slug_field': ["Enter a valid 'slug' consisting of letters, numbers, underscores or hyphens."]})
 
 
 class URLFieldTests(TestCase):

rest_framework/tests/test_files.py → tests/test_files.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils import six
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.compat import BytesIO
-from rest_framework.compat import six
 import datetime
 
 
@@ -85,11 +85,8 @@ class FileSerializerTests(TestCase):
         """
         Validation should still function when no data dictionary is provided.
         """
-        now = datetime.datetime.now()
-        file = BytesIO(six.b('stuff'))
-        file.name = 'stuff.txt'
-        file.size = len(file.getvalue())
-        uploaded_file = UploadedFile(file=file, created=now)
-
-        serializer = UploadedFileSerializer(files={'file': file})
+        uploaded_file = BytesIO(six.b('stuff'))
+        uploaded_file.name = 'stuff.txt'
+        uploaded_file.size = len(uploaded_file.getvalue())
+        serializer = UploadedFileSerializer(files={'file': uploaded_file})
         self.assertFalse(serializer.is_valid())

rest_framework/tests/test_filters.py → tests/test_filters.py

@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ from django.db import models
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import unittest
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from rest_framework import generics, serializers, status, filters
-from rest_framework.compat import django_filters, patterns, url
-from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
+from rest_framework.compat import django_filters
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
-from rest_framework.tests.models import BasicModel
-from .models import FilterableItem
+from .models import BaseFilterableItem, FilterableItem, BasicModel
 from .utils import temporary_setting
 
 factory = APIRequestFactory()
@@ -56,6 +55,18 @@ if django_filters:
         filter_class = SeveralFieldsFilter
         filter_backends = (filters.DjangoFilterBackend,)
 
+    # These classes are used to test base model filter support
+    class BaseFilterableItemFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):
+        text = django_filters.CharFilter()
+
+        class Meta:
+            model = BaseFilterableItem
+
+    class BaseFilterableItemFilterRootView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
+        model = FilterableItem
+        filter_class = BaseFilterableItemFilter
+        filter_backends = (filters.DjangoFilterBackend,)
+
     # Regression test for #814
     class FilterableItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         class Meta:
@@ -75,7 +86,8 @@ if django_filters:
         def get_queryset(self):
             return FilterableItem.objects.all()
 
-    urlpatterns = patterns('',
+    urlpatterns = patterns(
+        '',
         url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', FilterClassDetailView.as_view(), name='detail-view'),
         url(r'^$', FilterClassRootView.as_view(), name='root-view'),
         url(r'^get-queryset/$', GetQuerysetView.as_view(),
@@ -227,6 +239,18 @@ class IntegrationTestFiltering(CommonFilteringTestCase):
         self.assertRaises(AssertionError, view, request)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(django_filters, 'django-filter not installed')
+    def test_base_model_filter(self):
+        """
+        The `get_filter_class` model checks should allow base model filters.
+        """
+        view = BaseFilterableItemFilterRootView.as_view()
+
+        request = factory.get('/?text=aaa')
+        response = view(request).render()
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
+        self.assertEqual(len(response.data), 1)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(django_filters, 'django-filter not installed')
     def test_unknown_filter(self):
         """
         GET requests with filters that aren't configured should return 200.
@@ -243,7 +267,7 @@ class IntegrationTestDetailFiltering(CommonFilteringTestCase):
     """
     Integration tests for filtered detail views.
     """
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_filters'
+    urls = 'tests.test_filters'
 
     def _get_url(self, item):
         return reverse('detail-view', kwargs=dict(pk=item.pk))
@@ -654,8 +678,8 @@ class SensitiveOrderingFilterTests(TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(
                 response.data,
                 [
-                    {'id': 1, username_field: 'userA'}, # PassB
-                    {'id': 2, username_field: 'userB'}, # PassC
-                    {'id': 3, username_field: 'userC'}, # PassA
+                    {'id': 1, username_field: 'userA'},  # PassB
+                    {'id': 2, username_field: 'userB'},  # PassC
+                    {'id': 3, username_field: 'userC'},  # PassA
                 ]
             )

rest_framework/tests/test_genericrelations.py → tests/test_genericrelations.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class TestGenericRelations(TestCase):
                 exclude = ('content_type', 'object_id')
 
         class BookmarkSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
-            tags = TagSerializer()
+            tags = TagSerializer(many=True)
 
             class Meta:
                 model = Bookmark
@@ -117,18 +117,18 @@ class TestGenericRelations(TestCase):
 
         serializer = TagSerializer(Tag.objects.all(), many=True)
         expected = [
-        {
-            'tag': 'django',
-            'tagged_item': 'Bookmark: https://www.djangoproject.com/'
-        },
-        {
-            'tag': 'python',
-            'tagged_item': 'Bookmark: https://www.djangoproject.com/'
-        },
-        {
-            'tag': 'reminder',
-            'tagged_item': 'Note: Remember the milk'
-        }
+            {
+                'tag': 'django',
+                'tagged_item': 'Bookmark: https://www.djangoproject.com/'
+            },
+            {
+                'tag': 'python',
+                'tagged_item': 'Bookmark: https://www.djangoproject.com/'
+            },
+            {
+                'tag': 'reminder',
+                'tagged_item': 'Note: Remember the milk'
+            }
         ]
         self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
 

rest_framework/tests/test_generics.py → tests/test_generics.py

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.db import models
 from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
 from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils import six
 from rest_framework import generics, renderers, serializers, status
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
-from rest_framework.tests.models import BasicModel, Comment, SlugBasedModel
-from rest_framework.tests.models import ForeignKeySource, ForeignKeyTarget
-from rest_framework.compat import six
+from tests.models import BasicModel, Comment, SlugBasedModel
+from tests.models import ForeignKeySource, ForeignKeyTarget
 
 factory = APIRequestFactory()
 

rest_framework/tests/test_htmlrenderer.py → tests/test_htmlrenderer.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.http import Http404
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.template import TemplateDoesNotExist, Template
-import django.template.loader
+from django.utils import six
 from rest_framework import status
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.decorators import api_view, renderer_classes
 from rest_framework.renderers import TemplateHTMLRenderer
 from rest_framework.response import Response
-from rest_framework.compat import six
+import django.template.loader
 
 
 @api_view(('GET',))
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ def not_found(request):
     raise Http404()
 
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     url(r'^$', example),
     url(r'^permission_denied$', permission_denied),
     url(r'^not_found$', not_found),
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ urlpatterns = patterns('',
 
 
 class TemplateHTMLRendererTests(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_htmlrenderer'
+    urls = 'tests.test_htmlrenderer'
 
     def setUp(self):
         """
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ class TemplateHTMLRendererTests(TestCase):
 
 
 class TemplateHTMLRendererExceptionTests(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_htmlrenderer'
+    urls = 'tests.test_htmlrenderer'
 
     def setUp(self):
         """

rest_framework/tests/test_hyperlinkedserializers.py → tests/test_hyperlinkedserializers.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import json
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import generics, status, serializers
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
-from rest_framework.tests.models import (
+from tests.models import (
     Anchor, BasicModel, ManyToManyModel, BlogPost, BlogPostComment,
     Album, Photo, OptionalRelationModel
 )
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class BlogPostCommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
 class PhotoSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
     description = serializers.CharField()
-    album_url = serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField(source='album', view_name='album-detail', queryset=Album.objects.all(), lookup_field='title', slug_url_kwarg='title')
+    album_url = serializers.HyperlinkedRelatedField(source='album', view_name='album-detail', queryset=Album.objects.all(), lookup_field='title')
 
     def restore_object(self, attrs, instance=None):
         return Photo(**attrs)
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ class OptionalRelationDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
     model_serializer_class = serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer
 
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     url(r'^basic/$', BasicList.as_view(), name='basicmodel-list'),
     url(r'^basic/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', BasicDetail.as_view(), name='basicmodel-detail'),
     url(r'^anchor/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', AnchorDetail.as_view(), name='anchor-detail'),
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ urlpatterns = patterns('',
 
 
 class TestBasicHyperlinkedView(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         """
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ class TestBasicHyperlinkedView(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestManyToManyHyperlinkedView(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         """
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ class TestManyToManyHyperlinkedView(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestHyperlinkedIdentityFieldLookup(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         """
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ class TestHyperlinkedIdentityFieldLookup(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestCreateWithForeignKeys(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         """
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ class TestCreateWithForeignKeys(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestCreateWithForeignKeysAndCustomSlug(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         """
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ class TestCreateWithForeignKeysAndCustomSlug(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestOptionalRelationHyperlinkedView(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         """
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ class TestOverriddenURLField(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestURLFieldNameBySettings(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.saved_url_field_name = api_settings.URL_FIELD_NAME
@@ -360,7 +361,7 @@ class TestURLFieldNameBySettings(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestURLFieldNameByOptions(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_hyperlinkedserializers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         class Serializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):

rest_framework/tests/test_multitable_inheritance.py → tests/test_multitable_inheritance.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
-from rest_framework.tests.models import RESTFrameworkModel
+from tests.models import RESTFrameworkModel
 
 
 # Models

rest_framework/tests/test_nullable_fields.py → tests/test_nullable_fields.py

 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
 
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
-from rest_framework.tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource
-from rest_framework.tests.serializers import NullableFKSourceSerializer
-from rest_framework.tests.views import NullableFKSourceDetail
+from tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource
+from tests.serializers import NullableFKSourceSerializer
+from tests.views import NullableFKSourceDetail
 
 
 urlpatterns = patterns(
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class NullableForeignKeyTests(APITestCase):
     DRF should be able to handle nullable foreign keys when a test
     Client POST/PUT request is made with its own serialized object.
     """
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_nullable_fields'
+    urls = 'tests.test_nullable_fields'
 
     def test_updating_object_with_null_fk(self):
         obj = NullableForeignKeySource(name='example', target=None)

rest_framework/tests/test_pagination.py → tests/test_pagination.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
-from django.db import models
 from django.core.paginator import Paginator
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import unittest
 from rest_framework import generics, status, pagination, filters, serializers
 from rest_framework.compat import django_filters
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
-from rest_framework.tests.models import BasicModel
-from .models import FilterableItem
+from .models import BasicModel, FilterableItem
 
 factory = APIRequestFactory()
 
+
 # Helper function to split arguments out of an url
 def split_arguments_from_url(url):
     if '?' not in url:
@@ -275,8 +274,8 @@ class TestUnpaginated(TestCase):
             BasicModel(text=i).save()
         self.objects = BasicModel.objects
         self.data = [
-        {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
-        for obj in self.objects.all()
+            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
+            for obj in self.objects.all()
         ]
         self.view = DefaultPageSizeKwargView.as_view()
 
@@ -303,8 +302,8 @@ class TestCustomPaginateByParam(TestCase):
             BasicModel(text=i).save()
         self.objects = BasicModel.objects
         self.data = [
-        {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
-        for obj in self.objects.all()
+            {'id': obj.id, 'text': obj.text}
+            for obj in self.objects.all()
         ]
         self.view = PaginateByParamView.as_view()
 
@@ -364,11 +363,11 @@ class TestMaxPaginateByParam(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.data['results'], self.data[:3])
 
 
-### Tests for context in pagination serializers
+# Tests for context in pagination serializers
 
 class CustomField(serializers.Field):
     def to_native(self, value):
-        if not 'view' in self.context:
+        if 'view' not in self.context:
             raise RuntimeError("context isn't getting passed into custom field")
         return "value"
 
@@ -378,7 +377,7 @@ class BasicModelSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(BasicModelSerializer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        if not 'view' in self.context:
+        if 'view' not in self.context:
             raise RuntimeError("context isn't getting passed into serializer init")
 
 
@@ -399,7 +398,7 @@ class TestContextPassedToCustomField(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
 
 
-### Tests for custom pagination serializers
+# Tests for custom pagination serializers
 
 class LinksSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
     next = pagination.NextPageField(source='*')
@@ -484,8 +483,6 @@ class NonIntegerPaginator(object):
 
 
 class TestNonIntegerPagination(TestCase):
-
-
     def test_custom_pagination_serializer(self):
         objects = ['john', 'paul', 'george', 'ringo']
         paginator = NonIntegerPaginator(objects, 2)

rest_framework/tests/test_permissions.py → tests/test_permissions.py

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ from rest_framework import generics, status, permissions, authentication, HTTP_H
 from rest_framework.compat import guardian, get_model_name
 from rest_framework.filters import DjangoObjectPermissionsFilter
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
-from rest_framework.tests.models import BasicModel
+from tests.models import BasicModel
 import base64
 
 factory = APIRequestFactory()
 
+
 class RootView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
     model = BasicModel
     authentication_classes = [authentication.BasicAuthentication]
@@ -101,42 +102,54 @@ class ModelPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
     def test_options_permitted(self):
-        request = factory.options('/',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials
+        )
         response = root_view(request, pk='1')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
         self.assertEqual(list(response.data['actions'].keys()), ['POST'])
 
-        request = factory.options('/1',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/1',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.permitted_credentials
+        )
         response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
         self.assertEqual(list(response.data['actions'].keys()), ['PUT'])
 
     def test_options_disallowed(self):
-        request = factory.options('/',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials
+        )
         response = root_view(request, pk='1')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)
 
-        request = factory.options('/1',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/1',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.disallowed_credentials
+        )
         response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)
 
     def test_options_updateonly(self):
-        request = factory.options('/',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials
+        )
         response = root_view(request, pk='1')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertNotIn('actions', response.data)
 
-        request = factory.options('/1',
-                               HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials)
+        request = factory.options(
+            '/1',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.updateonly_credentials
+        )
         response = instance_view(request, pk='1')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertIn('actions', response.data)
@@ -153,6 +166,7 @@ class BasicPermModel(models.Model):
             # add, change, delete built in to django
         )
 
+
 # Custom object-level permission, that includes 'view' permissions
 class ViewObjectPermissions(permissions.DjangoObjectPermissions):
     perms_map = {
@@ -187,8 +201,7 @@ class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
     """
     Integration tests for the object level permissions API.
     """
-    @classmethod
-    def setUpClass(cls):
+    def setUp(self):
         from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 
         # create users
@@ -206,7 +219,7 @@ class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
         app_label = BasicPermModel._meta.app_label
         f = '{0}_{1}'.format
         perms = {
-            'view':   f('view', model_name),
+            'view': f('view', model_name),
             'change': f('change', model_name),
             'delete': f('delete', model_name)
         }
@@ -215,21 +228,13 @@ class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
             assign_perm(perm, everyone)
         everyone.user_set.add(*users.values())
 
-        cls.perms = perms
-        cls.users = users
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
-        perms = self.perms
-        users = self.users
-
         # appropriate object level permissions
         readers = Group.objects.create(name='readers')
         writers = Group.objects.create(name='writers')
         deleters = Group.objects.create(name='deleters')
 
         model = BasicPermModel.objects.create(text='foo')
-        
+
         assign_perm(perms['view'], readers, model)
         assign_perm(perms['change'], writers, model)
         assign_perm(perms['delete'], deleters, model)
@@ -255,21 +260,27 @@ class ObjectPermissionsIntegrationTests(TestCase):
 
     # Update
     def test_can_update_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.patch('/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly'])
+        request = factory.patch(
+            '/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['writeonly']
+        )
         response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(response.data.get('text'), 'foobar')
 
     def test_cannot_update_permissions(self):
-        request = factory.patch('/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly'])
+        request = factory.patch(
+            '/1', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly']
+        )
         response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='1')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
     def test_cannot_update_permissions_non_existing(self):
-        request = factory.patch('/999', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
-            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly'])
+        request = factory.patch(
+            '/999', {'text': 'foobar'}, format='json',
+            HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=self.credentials['deleteonly']
+        )
         response = object_permissions_view(request, pk='999')
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 

rest_framework/tests/test_relations.py → tests/test_relations.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import unittest
 from rest_framework import serializers
-from rest_framework.tests.models import BlogPost
+from tests.models import BlogPost
 
 
 class NullModel(models.Model):
@@ -107,20 +107,26 @@ class RelatedFieldSourceTests(TestCase):
         Check that the exception message are correct if the source field
         doesn't exist.
         """
-        from rest_framework.tests.models import ManyToManySource
+        from tests.models import ManyToManySource
+
         class Meta:
             model = ManyToManySource
+
         attrs = {
             'name': serializers.SlugRelatedField(
                 slug_field='name', source='banzai'),
             'Meta': Meta,
         }
 
-        TestSerializer = type(str('TestSerializer'),
-            (serializers.ModelSerializer,), attrs)
+        TestSerializer = type(
+            str('TestSerializer'),
+            (serializers.ModelSerializer,),
+            attrs
+        )
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             TestSerializer(data={'name': 'foo'})
 
+
 @unittest.skipIf(get_version() < '1.6.0', 'Upstream behaviour changed in v1.6')
 class RelatedFieldChoicesTests(TestCase):
     """
@@ -141,4 +147,3 @@ class RelatedFieldChoicesTests(TestCase):
         widget_count = len(field.widget.choices)
 
         self.assertEqual(widget_count, choice_count + 1, 'BLANK_CHOICE_DASH option should have been added')
-

rest_framework/tests/test_relations_hyperlink.py → tests/test_relations_hyperlink.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
-from rest_framework.tests.models import (
+from tests.models import (
     BlogPost,
     ManyToManyTarget, ManyToManySource, ForeignKeyTarget, ForeignKeySource,
     NullableForeignKeySource, OneToOneTarget, NullableOneToOneSource
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ request = factory.get('/')  # Just to ensure we have a request in the serializer
 def dummy_view(request, pk):
     pass
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     url(r'^dummyurl/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', dummy_view, name='dummy-url'),
     url(r'^manytomanysource/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', dummy_view, name='manytomanysource-detail'),
     url(r'^manytomanytarget/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', dummy_view, name='manytomanytarget-detail'),
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ class NullableOneToOneTargetSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
 # TODO: Add test that .data cannot be accessed prior to .is_valid
 
 class HyperlinkedManyToManyTests(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
+    urls = 'tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
 
     def setUp(self):
         for idx in range(1, 4):
@@ -86,9 +87,9 @@ class HyperlinkedManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
         expected = [
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/']},
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/']},
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
         ]
         self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
 
@@ -114,9 +115,9 @@ class HyperlinkedManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True, context={'request': request})
         expected = [
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']},
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
-                {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/1/', 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']},
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/2/', 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/']},
+            {'url': 'http://testserver/manytomanysource/3/', 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': ['http://testserver/manytomanytarget/1/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/2/', 'http://testserver/manytomanytarget/3/']}
         ]
         self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
 
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ class HyperlinkedManyToManyTests(TestCase):
 
 
 class HyperlinkedForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
+    urls = 'tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
 
     def setUp(self):
         target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ class HyperlinkedForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
 
 
 class HyperlinkedNullableForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
+    urls = 'tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
 
     def setUp(self):
         target = ForeignKeyTarget(name='target-1')
@@ -435,7 +436,7 @@ class HyperlinkedNullableForeignKeyTests(TestCase):
 
 
 class HyperlinkedNullableOneToOneTests(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
+    urls = 'tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
 
     def setUp(self):
         target = OneToOneTarget(name='target-1')
@@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ class HyperlinkedNullableOneToOneTests(TestCase):
 # Regression tests for #694 (`source` attribute on related fields)
 
 class HyperlinkedRelatedFieldSourceTests(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
+    urls = 'tests.test_relations_hyperlink'
 
     def test_related_manager_source(self):
         """

rest_framework/tests/test_relations_pk.py → tests/test_relations_pk.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils import six
 from rest_framework import serializers
-from rest_framework.tests.models import (
+from tests.models import (
     BlogPost, ManyToManyTarget, ManyToManySource, ForeignKeyTarget, ForeignKeySource,
     NullableForeignKeySource, OneToOneTarget, NullableOneToOneSource,
 )
-from rest_framework.compat import six
 
 
 # ManyToMany
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ class PKManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
         expected = [
-                {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},
-                {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-                {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1]},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
         ]
         self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
 
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ class PKManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         queryset = ManyToManySource.objects.all()
         serializer = ManyToManySourceSerializer(queryset, many=True)
         expected = [
-                {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},
-                {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
-                {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
+            {'id': 1, 'name': 'source-1', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]},
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'source-2', 'targets': [1, 2]},
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'source-3', 'targets': [1, 2, 3]}
         ]
         self.assertEqual(serializer.data, expected)
 

rest_framework/tests/test_relations_slug.py → tests/test_relations_slug.py

 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import serializers
-from rest_framework.tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource, ForeignKeySource, ForeignKeyTarget
+from tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource, ForeignKeySource, ForeignKeyTarget
 
 
 class ForeignKeyTargetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

rest_framework/tests/test_renderers.py → tests/test_renderers.py

@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from decimal import Decimal
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from django.core.cache import cache
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils import unittest
+from django.utils import six, unittest
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from rest_framework import status, permissions
-from rest_framework.compat import yaml, etree, patterns, url, include, six, StringIO
+from rest_framework.compat import yaml, etree, StringIO
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from rest_framework.renderers import BaseRenderer, JSONRenderer, YAMLRenderer, \
@@ -75,7 +76,6 @@ class MockGETView(APIView):
         return Response({'foo': ['bar', 'baz']})
 
 
-
 class MockPOSTView(APIView):
     def post(self, request, **kwargs):
         return Response({'foo': request.DATA})
@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ class HTMLView1(APIView):
     def get(self, request, **kwargs):
         return Response('text')
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     url(r'^.*\.(?P<format>.+)$', MockView.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB])),
     url(r'^$', MockView.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB])),
     url(r'^cache$', MockGETView.as_view()),
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ class RendererEndToEndTests(TestCase):
     End-to-end testing of renderers using an RendererMixin on a generic view.
     """
 
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_renderers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_renderers'
 
     def test_default_renderer_serializes_content(self):
         """If the Accept header is not set the default renderer should serialize the response."""
@@ -311,16 +312,22 @@ class JSONRendererTests(TestCase):
         class Dict(MutableMapping):
             def __init__(self):
                 self._dict = dict()
+
             def __getitem__(self, key):
                 return self._dict.__getitem__(key)
+
             def __setitem__(self, key, value):
                 return self._dict.__setitem__(key, value)
+
             def __delitem__(self, key):
                 return self._dict.__delitem__(key)
+
             def __iter__(self):
                 return self._dict.__iter__()
+
             def __len__(self):
                 return self._dict.__len__()
+
             def keys(self):
                 return self._dict.keys()
 
@@ -329,22 +336,24 @@ class JSONRendererTests(TestCase):
         x[2] = 3
         ret = JSONRenderer().render(x)
         data = json.loads(ret.decode('utf-8'))
-        self.assertEquals(data, {'key': 'string value', '2': 3})    
+        self.assertEquals(data, {'key': 'string value', '2': 3})
 
     def test_render_obj_with_getitem(self):
         class DictLike(object):
             def __init__(self):
                 self._dict = {}
+
             def set(self, value):
                 self._dict = dict(value)
+
             def __getitem__(self, key):
                 return self._dict[key]
-            
+
         x = DictLike()
         x.set({'a': 1, 'b': 'string'})
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             JSONRenderer().render(x)
-        
+
     def test_without_content_type_args(self):
         """
         Test basic JSON rendering.
@@ -387,41 +396,53 @@ class JSONPRendererTests(TestCase):
     Tests specific to the JSONP Renderer
     """
 
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_renderers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_renderers'
 
     def test_without_callback_with_json_renderer(self):
         """
         Test JSONP rendering with View JSON Renderer.
         """
-        resp = self.client.get('/jsonp/jsonrenderer',
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript')
+        resp = self.client.get(
+            '/jsonp/jsonrenderer',
+            HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript'
+        )
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'application/javascript; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content,
-            ('callback(%s);' % _flat_repr).encode('ascii'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            resp.content,
+            ('callback(%s);' % _flat_repr).encode('ascii')
+        )
 
     def test_without_callback_without_json_renderer(self):
         """
         Test JSONP rendering without View JSON Renderer.
         """
-        resp = self.client.get('/jsonp/nojsonrenderer',
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript')
+        resp = self.client.get(
+            '/jsonp/nojsonrenderer',
+            HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript'
+        )
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'application/javascript; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content,
-            ('callback(%s);' % _flat_repr).encode('ascii'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            resp.content,
+            ('callback(%s);' % _flat_repr).encode('ascii')
+        )
 
     def test_with_callback(self):
         """
         Test JSONP rendering with callback function name.
         """
         callback_func = 'myjsonpcallback'
-        resp = self.client.get('/jsonp/nojsonrenderer?callback=' + callback_func,
-                               HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript')
+        resp = self.client.get(
+            '/jsonp/nojsonrenderer?callback=' + callback_func,
+            HTTP_ACCEPT='application/javascript'
+        )
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(resp['Content-Type'], 'application/javascript; charset=utf-8')
-        self.assertEqual(resp.content,
-            ('%s(%s);' % (callback_func, _flat_repr)).encode('ascii'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            resp.content,
+            ('%s(%s);' % (callback_func, _flat_repr)).encode('ascii')
+        )
 
 
 if yaml:
@@ -466,7 +487,6 @@ if yaml:
         def assertYAMLContains(self, content, string):
             self.assertTrue(string in content, '%r not in %r' % (string, content))
 
-
     class UnicodeYAMLRendererTests(TestCase):
         """
         Tests specific for the Unicode YAML Renderer
@@ -582,7 +602,7 @@ class CacheRenderTest(TestCase):
     Tests specific to caching responses
     """
 
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_renderers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_renderers'
 
     cache_key = 'just_a_cache_key'
 
@@ -591,13 +611,13 @@ class CacheRenderTest(TestCase):
         """ Return any errors that would be raised if `obj' is pickled
         Courtesy of koffie @ http://stackoverflow.com/a/7218986/109897
         """
-        if seen == None:
+        if seen is None:
             seen = []
         try:
             state = obj.__getstate__()
         except AttributeError:
             return
-        if state == None:
+        if state is None:
             return
         if isinstance(state, tuple):
             if not isinstance(state[0], dict):

rest_framework/tests/test_request.py → tests/test_request.py

@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 Tests for content parsing, and form-overloaded content parsing.
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
 from django.contrib.sessions.middleware import SessionMiddleware
 from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
 from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils import six
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns
 from rest_framework.parsers import (
     BaseParser,
     FormParser,
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory, APIClient
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
-from rest_framework.compat import six
 from io import BytesIO
 import json
 
@@ -272,13 +272,14 @@ class MockView(APIView):
 
         return Response(status=status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     (r'^$', MockView.as_view()),
 )
 
 
 class TestContentParsingWithAuthentication(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_request'
+    urls = 'tests.test_request'
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.csrf_client = APIClient(enforce_csrf_checks=True)

rest_framework/tests/test_response.py → tests/test_response.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from django.test import TestCase
-from rest_framework.tests.models import BasicModel, BasicModelSerializer
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url, include
+from django.utils import six
+from tests.models import BasicModel, BasicModelSerializer
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from rest_framework import generics
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ from rest_framework.renderers import (
 )
 from rest_framework import viewsets
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
-from rest_framework.compat import six
 
 
 class MockPickleRenderer(BaseRenderer):
@@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ new_model_viewset_router = routers.DefaultRouter()
 new_model_viewset_router.register(r'', HTMLNewModelViewSet)
 
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     url(r'^setbyview$', MockViewSettingContentType.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB, RendererC])),
     url(r'^.*\.(?P<format>.+)$', MockView.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB, RendererC])),
     url(r'^$', MockView.as_view(renderer_classes=[RendererA, RendererB, RendererC])),
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ class RendererIntegrationTests(TestCase):
     End-to-end testing of renderers using an ResponseMixin on a generic view.
     """
 
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_response'
+    urls = 'tests.test_response'
 
     def test_default_renderer_serializes_content(self):
         """If the Accept header is not set the default renderer should serialize the response."""
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ class Issue122Tests(TestCase):
     """
     Tests that covers #122.
     """
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_response'
+    urls = 'tests.test_response'
 
     def test_only_html_renderer(self):
         """
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ class Issue467Tests(TestCase):
     Tests for #467
     """
 
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_response'
+    urls = 'tests.test_response'
 
     def test_form_has_label_and_help_text(self):
         resp = self.client.get('/html_new_model')
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ class Issue807Tests(TestCase):
     Covers #807
     """
 
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_response'
+    urls = 'tests.test_response'
 
     def test_does_not_append_charset_by_default(self):
         """

rest_framework/tests/test_reverse.py → tests/test_reverse.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.test import TestCase
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
 
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ factory = APIRequestFactory()
 def null_view(request):
     pass
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     url(r'^view$', null_view, name='view'),
 )
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ class ReverseTests(TestCase):
     """
     Tests for fully qualified URLs when using `reverse`.
     """
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_reverse'
+    urls = 'tests.test_reverse'
 
     def test_reversed_urls_are_fully_qualified(self):
         request = factory.get('/view')

rest_framework/tests/test_routers.py → tests/test_routers.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from rest_framework import serializers, viewsets, permissions
-from rest_framework.compat import include, patterns, url
-from rest_framework.decorators import link, action
+from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route, list_route
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter, DefaultRouter
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
@@ -18,23 +18,23 @@ class BasicViewSet(viewsets.ViewSet):
     def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         return Response({'method': 'list'})
 
-    @action()
+    @detail_route(methods=['post'])
     def action1(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         return Response({'method': 'action1'})
 
-    @action()
+    @detail_route(methods=['post'])
     def action2(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         return Response({'method': 'action2'})
 
-    @action(methods=['post', 'delete'])
+    @detail_route(methods=['post', 'delete'])
     def action3(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         return Response({'method': 'action2'})
 
-    @link()
+    @detail_route()
     def link1(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         return Response({'method': 'link1'})
 
-    @link()
+    @detail_route()
     def link2(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
         return Response({'method': 'link2'})
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(TestCase):
     """
     Ensure that custom lookup fields are correctly routed.
     """
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_routers'
+    urls = 'tests.test_routers'
 
     def setUp(self):
         class NoteSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
@@ -91,9 +91,10 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(TestCase):
         self.router = SimpleRouter()
         self.router.register(r'notes', NoteViewSet)
 
-        from rest_framework.tests import test_routers
+        from tests import test_routers
         urls = getattr(test_routers, 'urlpatterns')
-        urls += patterns('',
+        urls += patterns(
+            '',
             url(r'^', include(self.router.urls)),
         )
 
@@ -104,7 +105,8 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(TestCase):
 
     def test_retrieve_lookup_field_list_view(self):
         response = self.client.get('/notes/')
-        self.assertEqual(response.data,
+        self.assertEqual(
+            response.data,
             [{
                 "url": "http://testserver/notes/123/",
                 "uuid": "123", "text": "foo bar"
@@ -113,7 +115,8 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(TestCase):
 
     def test_retrieve_lookup_field_detail_view(self):
         response = self.client.get('/notes/123/')
-        self.assertEqual(response.data,
+        self.assertEqual(
+            response.data,
             {
                 "url": "http://testserver/notes/123/",
                 "uuid": "123", "text": "foo bar"
@@ -121,6 +124,27 @@ class TestCustomLookupFields(TestCase):
         )
 
 
+class TestLookupValueRegex(TestCase):
+    """
+    Ensure the router honors lookup_value_regex when applied
+    to the viewset.
+    """
+    def setUp(self):
+        class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+            queryset = RouterTestModel.objects.all()
+            lookup_field = 'uuid'
+            lookup_value_regex = '[0-9a-f]{32}'
+
+        self.router = SimpleRouter()
+        self.router.register(r'notes', NoteViewSet)
+        self.urls = self.router.urls
+
+    def test_urls_limited_by_lookup_value_regex(self):
+        expected = ['^notes/$', '^notes/(?P<uuid>[0-9a-f]{32})/$']
+        for idx in range(len(expected)):
+            self.assertEqual(expected[idx], self.urls[idx].regex.pattern)
+
+
 class TestTrailingSlashIncluded(TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         class NoteViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
@@ -131,7 +155,7 @@ class TestTrailingSlashIncluded(TestCase):
         self.urls = self.router.urls
 
     def test_urls_have_trailing_slash_by_default(self):
-        expected = ['^notes/$', '^notes/(?P<pk>[^/]+)/$']
+        expected = ['^notes/$', '^notes/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/$']
         for idx in range(len(expected)):
             self.assertEqual(expected[idx], self.urls[idx].regex.pattern)
 
@@ -175,7 +199,7 @@ class TestActionKeywordArgs(TestCase):
         class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
             permission_classes = []
 
-            @action(permission_classes=[permissions.AllowAny])
+            @detail_route(methods=['post'], permission_classes=[permissions.AllowAny])
             def custom(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
                 return Response({
                     'permission_classes': self.permission_classes
@@ -196,14 +220,14 @@ class TestActionKeywordArgs(TestCase):
 
 class TestActionAppliedToExistingRoute(TestCase):
     """
-    Ensure `@action` decorator raises an except when applied
+    Ensure `@detail_route` decorator raises an except when applied
     to an existing route
     """
 
     def test_exception_raised_when_action_applied_to_existing_route(self):
         class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
 
-            @action()
+            @detail_route(methods=['post'])
             def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
                 return Response({
                     'hello': 'world'
@@ -214,3 +238,49 @@ class TestActionAppliedToExistingRoute(TestCase):
 
         with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
             self.router.urls
+
+
+class DynamicListAndDetailViewSet(viewsets.ViewSet):
+    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        return Response({'method': 'list'})
+
+    @list_route(methods=['post'])
+    def list_route_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        return Response({'method': 'action1'})
+
+    @detail_route(methods=['post'])
+    def detail_route_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        return Response({'method': 'action2'})
+
+    @list_route()
+    def list_route_get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        return Response({'method': 'link1'})
+
+    @detail_route()
+    def detail_route_get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        return Response({'method': 'link2'})
+
+
+class TestDynamicListAndDetailRouter(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.router = SimpleRouter()
+
+    def test_list_and_detail_route_decorators(self):
+        routes = self.router.get_routes(DynamicListAndDetailViewSet)
+        decorator_routes = [r for r in routes if not (r.name.endswith('-list') or r.name.endswith('-detail'))]
+        # Make sure all these endpoints exist and none have been clobbered
+        for i, endpoint in enumerate(['list_route_get', 'list_route_post', 'detail_route_get', 'detail_route_post']):
+            route = decorator_routes[i]
+            # check url listing
+            if endpoint.startswith('list_'):
+                self.assertEqual(route.url,
+                                 '^{{prefix}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(endpoint))
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(route.url,
+                                 '^{{prefix}}/{{lookup}}/{0}{{trailing_slash}}$'.format(endpoint))
+            # check method to function mapping
+            if endpoint.endswith('_post'):
+                method_map = 'post'
+            else:
+                method_map = 'get'
+            self.assertEqual(route.mapping[method_map], endpoint)

rest_framework/tests/test_serializer.py → tests/test_serializer.py

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ from django.utils import unittest
 from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from rest_framework import serializers, fields, relations
-from rest_framework.tests.models import (HasPositiveIntegerAsChoice, Album, ActionItem, Anchor, BasicModel,
-    BlankFieldModel, BlogPost, BlogPostComment, Book, CallableDefaultValueModel, DefaultValueModel,
-    ManyToManyModel, Person, ReadOnlyManyToManyModel, Photo, RESTFrameworkModel,
-    ForeignKeySource, ManyToManySource)
-from rest_framework.tests.models import BasicModelSerializer
+from tests.models import (
+    HasPositiveIntegerAsChoice, Album, ActionItem, Anchor, BasicModel,
+    BlankFieldModel, BlogPost, BlogPostComment, Book, CallableDefaultValueModel,
+    DefaultValueModel, ManyToManyModel, Person, ReadOnlyManyToManyModel, Photo,
+    RESTFrameworkModel, ForeignKeySource
+)
+from tests.models import BasicModelSerializer
 import datetime
 import pickle
 try:
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ if PIL is not None:
         image_field = models.ImageField(upload_to='test', max_length=1024, blank=True)
         slug_field = models.SlugField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
         url_field = models.URLField(max_length=1024, blank=True)
+        nullable_char_field = models.CharField(max_length=1024, blank=True, null=True)
 
     class DVOAFModel(RESTFrameworkModel):
         positive_integer_field = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=True)
@@ -98,6 +101,7 @@ class ActionItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
     class Meta:
         model = ActionItem
 
+
 class ActionItemSerializerOptionalFields(serializers.ModelSerializer):
     """
     Intended to test that fields with `required=False` are excluded from validation.
@@ -108,6 +112,7 @@ class ActionItemSerializerOptionalFields(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         model = ActionItem
         fields = ('title',)
 
+
 class ActionItemSerializerCustomRestore(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 
     class Meta:
@@ -294,8 +299,10 @@ class BasicTests(TestCase):
         in the Meta data
         """
         serializer = PersonSerializer(self.person)
-        self.assertEqual(set(serializer.data.keys()),
-                          set(['name', 'age', 'info']))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(serializer.data.keys()),
+            set(['name', 'age', 'info'])
+        )
 
     def test_field_with_dictionary(self):
         """
@@ -330,9 +337,9 @@ class BasicTests(TestCase):
             — id field is not populated if `data` is accessed prior to `save()`
         """
         serializer = ActionItemSerializer(self.actionitem)
-        self.assertIsNone(serializer.data.get('id',None), 'New instance. `id` should not be set.')
+        self.assertIsNone(serializer.data.get('id', None), 'New instance. `id` should not be set.')
         serializer.save()
-        self.assertIsNotNone(serializer.data.get('id',None), 'Model is saved. `id` should be set.')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(serializer.data.get('id', None), 'Model is saved. `id` should be set.')
 
     def test_fields_marked_as_not_required_are_excluded_from_validation(self):
         """
@@ -408,7 +415,7 @@ class ValidationTests(TestCase):
         mistaken for not having a default."""
         data = {
             'title': 'Some action item',
-            #No 'done' value.
+            # No 'done' value.
         }
         serializer = ActionItemSerializer(self.actionitem, data=data)
         self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
@@ -659,10 +666,10 @@ class ModelValidationTests(TestCase):
         serializer.save()
         second_serializer = AlbumsSerializer(data={'title': 'a'})
         self.assertFalse(second_serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(second_serializer.errors,  {'title': ['Album with this Title already exists.'],})
-        third_serializer = AlbumsSerializer(data=[{'title': 'b', 'ref': '1'}, {'title': 'c'}])
+        self.assertEqual(second_serializer.errors, {'title': ['Album with this Title already exists.']})
+        third_serializer = AlbumsSerializer(data=[{'title': 'b', 'ref': '1'}, {'title': 'c'}], many=True)
         self.assertFalse(third_serializer.is_valid())
-        self.assertEqual(third_serializer.errors,  [{'ref': ['Album with this Ref already exists.']}, {}])
+        self.assertEqual(third_serializer.errors, [{'ref': ['Album with this Ref already exists.']}, {}])
 
     def test_foreign_key_is_null_with_partial(self):
         """
@@ -958,7 +965,7 @@ class WritableFieldDefaultValueTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(got, self.expected)
 
     def test_get_default_value_with_callable(self):
-        field = self.create_field(default=lambda : self.expected)
+        field = self.create_field(default=lambda: self.expected)
         got = field.get_default_value()
         self.assertEqual(got, self.expected)
 
@@ -973,7 +980,7 @@ class WritableFieldDefaultValueTests(TestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(got)
 
     def test_get_default_value_returns_non_True_values(self):
-        values = [None, '', False, 0, [], (), {}] # values that assumed as 'False' in the 'if' clause
+        values = [None, '', False, 0, [], (), {}]  # values that assumed as 'False' in the 'if' clause
         for expected in values:
             field = self.create_field(default=expected)
             got = field.get_default_value()
@@ -1152,7 +1159,7 @@ class RelatedTraversalTest(TestCase):
         """
         If a component of the dotted.source is None, return None for the field.
         """
-        from rest_framework.tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource
+        from tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource
         instance = NullableForeignKeySource.objects.create(name='Source with null FK')
 
         class NullableSourceSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
@@ -1260,8 +1267,22 @@ class BlankFieldTests(TestCase):
         serializer = self.model_serializer_class(data={})
         self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
 
+    def test_create_model_null_field_save(self):
+        """
+        Regression test for #1330.
 
-#test for issue #460
+        https://github.com/tomchristie/django-rest-framework/pull/1330
+        """
+        serializer = self.model_serializer_class(data={'title': None})
+        self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), True)
+
+        try:
+            serializer.save()
+        except Exception:
+            self.fail('Exception raised on save() after validation passes')
+
+
+# Test for issue #460
 class SerializerPickleTests(TestCase):
     """
     Test pickleability of the output of Serializers
@@ -1485,7 +1506,7 @@ class NestedSerializerContextTests(TestCase):
             callable = serializers.SerializerMethodField('_callable')
 
             def _callable(self, instance):
-                if not 'context_item' in self.context:
+                if 'context_item' not in self.context:
                     raise RuntimeError("context isn't getting passed into 2nd level nested serializer")
                 return "success"
 
@@ -1494,11 +1515,11 @@ class NestedSerializerContextTests(TestCase):
                 model = Album
                 fields = ("photo_set", "callable")
 
-            photo_set = PhotoSerializer(source="photo_set")
+            photo_set = PhotoSerializer(source="photo_set", many=True)
             callable = serializers.SerializerMethodField("_callable")
 
             def _callable(self, instance):
-                if not 'context_item' in self.context:
+                if 'context_item' not in self.context:
                     raise RuntimeError("context isn't getting passed into 1st level nested serializer")
                 return "success"
 
@@ -1506,7 +1527,7 @@ class NestedSerializerContextTests(TestCase):
             albums = None
 
         class AlbumCollectionSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-            albums = AlbumSerializer(source="albums")
+            albums = AlbumSerializer(source="albums", many=True)
 
         album1 = Album.objects.create(title="album 1")
         album2 = Album.objects.create(title="album 2")
@@ -1663,6 +1684,10 @@ class AttributeMappingOnAutogeneratedFieldsTests(TestCase):
             'url_field': [
                 ('max_length', 1024),
             ],
+            'nullable_char_field': [
+                ('max_length', 1024),
+                ('allow_none', True),
+            ],
         }
 
     def field_test(self, field):
@@ -1699,6 +1724,9 @@ class AttributeMappingOnAutogeneratedFieldsTests(TestCase):
     def test_url_field(self):
         self.field_test('url_field')
 
+    def test_nullable_char_field(self):
+        self.field_test('nullable_char_field')
+
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(PIL is not None, 'PIL is not installed')
 class DefaultValuesOnAutogeneratedFieldsTests(TestCase):
@@ -1794,7 +1822,7 @@ class MetadataSerializerTestCase(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(expected, metadata)
 
 
-### Regression test for #840
+# Regression test for #840
 
 class SimpleModel(models.Model):
     text = models.CharField(max_length=100)
@@ -1828,7 +1856,7 @@ class FieldValidationRemovingAttr(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(serializer.object.text, 'foo')
 
 
-### Regression test for #878
+# Regression test for #878
 
 class SimpleTargetModel(models.Model):
     text = models.CharField(max_length=100)

rest_framework/tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py → tests/test_serializer_bulk_update.py

@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ class BulkCreateSerializerTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(serializer.is_valid(), False)
 
         expected_errors = [
-                {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']},
-                {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']},
-                {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']}
+            {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']},
+            {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']},
+            {'non_field_errors': ['Invalid data']}
         ]
 
         self.assertEqual(serializer.errors, expected_errors)

rest_framework/tests/test_serializer_import.py → tests/test_serializer_import.py

 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from rest_framework import serializers
-from rest_framework.tests.accounts.serializers import AccountSerializer
+from tests.accounts.serializers import AccountSerializer
 
 
 class ImportingModelSerializerTests(TestCase):

rest_framework/tests/test_serializer_nested.py → tests/test_serializer_nested.py

@@ -328,12 +328,14 @@ class NestedModelSerializerUpdateTests(TestCase):
 
         class BlogPostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             comments = BlogPostCommentSerializer(many=True, source='blogpostcomment_set')
+
             class Meta:
                 model = models.BlogPost
                 fields = ('id', 'title', 'comments')
 
         class PersonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             posts = BlogPostSerializer(many=True, source='blogpost_set')
+
             class Meta:
                 model = models.Person
                 fields = ('id', 'name', 'age', 'posts')

rest_framework/tests/test_serializers.py → tests/test_serializers.py

-from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
-
+from django.utils import six
 from rest_framework.serializers import _resolve_model
-from rest_framework.tests.models import BasicModel
-from rest_framework.compat import six
+from tests.models import BasicModel
 
 
 class ResolveModelTests(TestCase):

rest_framework/tests/test_settings.py → tests/test_settings.py

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ class TestSettings(TestCase):
 
     def test_non_import_errors(self):
         """Make sure other errors aren't suppressed."""
-        settings = APISettings({'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS': 'rest_framework.tests.extras.bad_import.ModelSerializer'}, DEFAULTS, IMPORT_STRINGS)
+        settings = APISettings({'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS': 'tests.extras.bad_import.ModelSerializer'}, DEFAULTS, IMPORT_STRINGS)
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             settings.DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS
 
     def test_import_error_message_maintained(self):
         """Make sure real import errors are captured and raised sensibly."""
-        settings = APISettings({'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS': 'rest_framework.tests.extras.not_here.ModelSerializer'}, DEFAULTS, IMPORT_STRINGS)
+        settings = APISettings({'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS': 'tests.extras.not_here.ModelSerializer'}, DEFAULTS, IMPORT_STRINGS)
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
             settings.DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS
         self.assertTrue('ImportError' in str(cm.exception))

rest_framework/tests/test_status.py → tests/test_status.py

@@ -30,4 +30,4 @@ class TestStatus(TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(is_server_error(499))
         self.assertTrue(is_server_error(500))
         self.assertTrue(is_server_error(599))
-        self.assertFalse(is_server_error(600))
+        self.assertFalse(is_server_error(600))
\ No newline at end of file

rest_framework/tests/test_templatetags.py → tests/test_templatetags.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class TemplateTagTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_add_query_param_with_non_latin_charactor(self):
         # Ensure we don't double-escape non-latin characters
-        # that are present in the querystring.
+        # that are present in the querystring.
         # See #1314.
         request = factory.get("/", {'q': '查询'})
         json_url = add_query_param(request, "format", "json")
@@ -48,4 +48,4 @@ class Issue1386Tests(TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(i, res)
 
         # example from issue #1386, this shouldn't raise an exception
-        _ = urlize_quoted_links("asdf:[/p]zxcv.com")
+        urlize_quoted_links("asdf:[/p]zxcv.com")

rest_framework/tests/test_testing.py → tests/test_testing.py

 # -- coding: utf-8 --
 
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from io import BytesIO
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import TestCase
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url
 from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.test import APIClient, APIRequestFactory, force_authenticate
@@ -28,14 +28,15 @@ def session_view(request):
     })
 
 
-urlpatterns = patterns('',
+urlpatterns = patterns(
+    '',
     url(r'^view/$', view),
     url(r'^session-view/$', session_view),
 )
 
 
 class TestAPITestClient(TestCase):
-    urls = 'rest_framework.tests.test_testing'
+    urls = 'tests.test_testing'
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.client = APIClient()
@@ -142,7 +143,8 @@ class TestAPIRequestFactory(TestCase):
         assertion error.
         """
         factory = APIRequestFactory()
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, factory.post,
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError, factory.post,
             path='/view/', data={'example': 1}, format='xml'
         )
 

rest_framework/tests/test_throttling.py → tests/test_throttling.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core.cache import cache
+from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle, UserRateThrottle, ScopedRateThrottle
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ class NonTimeThrottle(BaseThrottle):
         if not hasattr(self.__class__, 'called'):
             self.__class__.called = True
             return True
-        return False 
+        return False
 
 
 class MockView(APIView):
@@ -124,36 +125,42 @@ class ThrottlingTests(TestCase):
         """
         Ensure for second based throttles.
         """
-        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(MockView,
-         ((0, None),
-          (0, None),
-          (0, None),
-          (0, '1')
-         ))
+        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(
+            MockView, (
+                (0, None),
+                (0, None),
+                (0, None),
+                (0, '1')
+            )
+        )
 
     def test_minutes_fields(self):
         """
         Ensure for minute based throttles.
         """
-        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(MockView_MinuteThrottling,
-         ((0, None),
-          (0, None),
-          (0, None),
-          (0, '60')
-         ))
+        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(
+            MockView_MinuteThrottling, (
+                (0, None),
+                (0, None),
+                (0, None),
+                (0, '60')
+            )
+        )
 
     def test_next_rate_remains_constant_if_followed(self):
         """
         If a client follows the recommended next request rate,
         the throttling rate should stay constant.
         """
-        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(MockView_MinuteThrottling,
-         ((0, None),
-          (20, None),
-          (40, None),
-          (60, None),
-          (80, None)
-         ))
+        self.ensure_response_header_contains_proper_throttle_field(
+            MockView_MinuteThrottling, (
+                (0, None),
+                (20, None),
+                (40, None),
+                (60, None),
+                (80, None)
+            )
+        )
 
     def test_non_time_throttle(self):
         """
@@ -169,7 +176,7 @@ class ThrottlingTests(TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(MockView_NonTimeThrottling.throttle_classes[0].called)
 
         response = MockView_NonTimeThrottling.as_view()(request)
-        self.assertFalse('X-Throttle-Wait-Seconds' in response) 
+        self.assertFalse('X-Throttle-Wait-Seconds' in response)
 
 
 class ScopedRateThrottleTests(TestCase):
@@ -275,3 +282,68 @@ class ScopedRateThrottleTests(TestCase):
             self.increment_timer()
             response = self.unscoped_view(request)
             self.assertEqual(200, response.status_code)
+
+
+class XffTestingBase(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+
+        class Throttle(ScopedRateThrottle):
+            THROTTLE_RATES = {'test_limit': '1/day'}
+            TIMER_SECONDS = 0
+            timer = lambda self: self.TIMER_SECONDS
+
+        class View(APIView):
+            throttle_classes = (Throttle,)
+            throttle_scope = 'test_limit'
+
+            def get(self, request):
+                return Response('test_limit')
+
+        cache.clear()
+        self.throttle = Throttle()
+        self.view = View.as_view()
+        self.request = APIRequestFactory().get('/some_uri')
+        self.request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] = '3.3.3.3'
+        self.request.META['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] = '0.0.0.0, 1.1.1.1, 2.2.2.2'
+
+    def config_proxy(self, num_proxies):
+        setattr(api_settings, 'NUM_PROXIES', num_proxies)
+
+
+class IdWithXffBasicTests(XffTestingBase):
+    def test_accepts_request_under_limit(self):
+        self.config_proxy(0)
+        self.assertEqual(200, self.view(self.request).status_code)
+
+    def test_denies_request_over_limit(self):
+        self.config_proxy(0)
+        self.view(self.request)
+        self.assertEqual(429, self.view(self.request).status_code)
+
+
+class XffSpoofingTests(XffTestingBase):
+    def test_xff_spoofing_doesnt_change_machine_id_with_one_app_proxy(self):
+        self.config_proxy(1)
+        self.view(self.request)
+        self.request.META['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] = '4.4.4.4, 5.5.5.5, 2.2.2.2'
+        self.assertEqual(429, self.view(self.request).status_code)
+
+    def test_xff_spoofing_doesnt_change_machine_id_with_two_app_proxies(self):
+        self.config_proxy(2)
+        self.view(self.request)
+        self.request.META['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] = '4.4.4.4, 1.1.1.1, 2.2.2.2'
+        self.assertEqual(429, self.view(self.request).status_code)
+
+
+class XffUniqueMachinesTest(XffTestingBase):
+    def test_unique_clients_are_counted_independently_with_one_proxy(self):
+        self.config_proxy(1)
+        self.view(self.request)
+        self.request.META['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] = '0.0.0.0, 1.1.1.1, 7.7.7.7'
+        self.assertEqual(200, self.view(self.request).status_code)
+
+    def test_unique_clients_are_counted_independently_with_two_proxies(self):
+        self.config_proxy(2)
+        self.view(self.request)
+        self.request.META['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] = '0.0.0.0, 7.7.7.7, 2.2.2.2'
+        self.assertEqual(200, self.view(self.request).status_code)

rest_framework/tests/test_urlizer.py → tests/test_urlizer.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework.templatetags.rest_framework import urlize_quoted_links
-import sys
 
 
 class URLizerTests(TestCase):

rest_framework/tests/test_urlpatterns.py → tests/test_urlpatterns.py

 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from collections import namedtuple
+from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include
 from django.core import urlresolvers
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
-from rest_framework.compat import patterns, url, include
 from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
 
 

tests/urls.py

+"""
+Blank URLConf just to keep the test suite happy
+"""
+from django.conf.urls import patterns
+
+urlpatterns = patterns('')

rest_framework/tests/users/serializers.py → tests/users/serializers.py

 from rest_framework import serializers
 
-from rest_framework.tests.users.models import User
+from tests.users.models import User
 
 
 class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

rest_framework/tests/utils.py → tests/utils.py

 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from rest_framework.compat import six
+from django.utils import six
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 
 

rest_framework/tests/views.py → tests/views.py

 from rest_framework import generics
-from rest_framework.tests.models import NullableForeignKeySource
-from rest_framework.tests.serializers import NullableFKSourceSerializer
+from .models import NullableForeignKeySource
+from .serializers import NullableFKSourceSerializer
 
 
 class NullableFKSourceDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):

tox.ini

 [tox]
 downloadcache = {toxworkdir}/cache/
 envlist =
+       flake8,
        py3.4-django1.7,py3.3-django1.7,py3.2-django1.7,py2.7-django1.7,
        py3.4-django1.6,py3.3-django1.6,py3.2-django1.6,py2.7-django1.6,py2.6-django1.6,
        py3.4-django1.5,py3.3-django1.5,py3.2-django1.5,py2.7-django1.5,py2.6-django1.5,
-       py2.7-django1.4,py2.6-django1.4,
-       py2.7-django1.3,py2.6-django1.3
+       py2.7-django1.4,py2.6-django1.4
 
 [testenv]
-commands = {envpython} rest_framework/runtests/runtests.py
+commands = ./runtests.py --fast
+
+[testenv:flake8]
+basepython = python2.7
+deps = pytest==2.5.2
+       flake8==2.2.2
+commands = ./runtests.py --lintonly
 
 [testenv:py3.4-django1.7]
 basepython = python3.4
@@ -16,6 +22,7 @@ deps = https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.7c2/tarball/
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py3.3-django1.7]
 basepython = python3.3
@@ -23,6 +30,7 @@ deps = https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.7c2/tarball/
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py3.2-django1.7]
 basepython = python3.2
@@ -30,6 +38,7 @@ deps = https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.7c2/tarball/
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py2.7-django1.7]
 basepython = python2.7
@@ -41,6 +50,7 @@ deps = https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.7c2/tarball/
        # django-oauth2-provider==0.2.4
        django-guardian==1.2.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py3.4-django1.6]
 basepython = python3.4
@@ -48,6 +58,7 @@ deps = Django==1.6.3
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py3.3-django1.6]
 basepython = python3.3
@@ -55,6 +66,7 @@ deps = Django==1.6.3
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py3.2-django1.6]
 basepython = python3.2
@@ -62,6 +74,7 @@ deps = Django==1.6.3
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py2.7-django1.6]
 basepython = python2.7
@@ -73,6 +86,7 @@ deps = Django==1.6.3
        django-oauth2-provider==0.2.4
        django-guardian==1.2.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py2.6-django1.6]
 basepython = python2.6
@@ -84,6 +98,7 @@ deps = Django==1.6.3
        django-oauth2-provider==0.2.4
        django-guardian==1.2.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py3.4-django1.5]
 basepython = python3.4
@@ -91,6 +106,7 @@ deps = django==1.5.6
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py3.3-django1.5]
 basepython = python3.3
@@ -98,6 +114,7 @@ deps = django==1.5.6
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py3.2-django1.5]
 basepython = python3.2
@@ -105,6 +122,7 @@ deps = django==1.5.6
        django-filter==0.7
        defusedxml==0.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py2.7-django1.5]
 basepython = python2.7
@@ -116,6 +134,7 @@ deps = django==1.5.6
        django-oauth2-provider==0.2.3
        django-guardian==1.2.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py2.6-django1.5]
 basepython = python2.6
@@ -127,6 +146,7 @@ deps = django==1.5.6
        django-oauth2-provider==0.2.3
        django-guardian==1.2.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py2.7-django1.4]
 basepython = python2.7
@@ -138,6 +158,7 @@ deps = django==1.4.11
        django-oauth2-provider==0.2.3
        django-guardian==1.2.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1
 
 [testenv:py2.6-django1.4]
 basepython = python2.6
@@ -149,25 +170,4 @@ deps = django==1.4.11
        django-oauth2-provider==0.2.3
        django-guardian==1.2.3
        Pillow==2.3.0
-
-[testenv:py2.7-django1.3]
-basepython = python2.7
-deps = django==1.3.5
-       django-filter==0.5.4
-       defusedxml==0.3
-       django-oauth-plus==2.2.1
-       oauth2==1.5.211
-       django-oauth2-provider==0.2.3
-       django-guardian==1.2.3
-       Pillow==2.3.0
-
-[testenv:py2.6-django1.3]
-basepython = python2.6
-deps = django==1.3.5
-       django-filter==0.5.4
-       defusedxml==0.3
-       django-oauth-plus==2.2.1
-       oauth2==1.5.211
-       django-oauth2-provider==0.2.3
-       django-guardian==1.2.3
-       Pillow==2.3.0
+       pytest-django==2.6.1