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Merge pull request #10312 from drybjed/docs-filters 

Reorganization of Jinja2 filter documentation
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docsite/rst/playbooks_filters.rst 0 → 100644
Jinja2 filters
==============
.. contents:: Topics
Filters in Jinja2 are a way of transforming template expressions from one kind of data into another. Jinja2
ships with many of these. See `builtin filters`_ in the official Jinja2 template documentation.
In addition to those, Ansible supplies many more.
.. _filters_for_formatting_data:
Filters For Formatting Data
---------------------------
The following filters will take a data structure in a template and render it in a slightly different format. These
are occasionally useful for debugging::
{{ some_variable | to_nice_json }}
{{ some_variable | to_nice_yaml }}
.. _filters_used_with_conditionals:
Filters Often Used With Conditionals
------------------------------------
The following tasks are illustrative of how filters can be used with conditionals::
tasks:
- shell: /usr/bin/foo
register: result
ignore_errors: True
- debug: msg="it failed"
when: result|failed
# in most cases you'll want a handler, but if you want to do something right now, this is nice
- debug: msg="it changed"
when: result|changed
- debug: msg="it succeeded"
when: result|success
- debug: msg="it was skipped"
when: result|skipped
.. _forcing_variables_to_be_defined:
Forcing Variables To Be Defined
-------------------------------
The default behavior from ansible and ansible.cfg is to fail if variables are undefined, but you can turn this off.
This allows an explicit check with this feature off::
{{ variable | mandatory }}
The variable value will be used as is, but the template evaluation will raise an error if it is undefined.
.. _defaulting_undefined_variables:
Defaulting Undefined Variables
------------------------------
Jinja2 provides a useful 'default' filter, that is often a better approach to failing if a variable is not defined::
{{ some_variable | default(5) }}
In the above example, if the variable 'some_variable' is not defined, the value used will be 5, rather than an error
being raised.
.. _omitting_undefined_variables:
Omitting Undefined Variables and Parameters
-------------------------------------------
As of Ansible 1.8, it is possible to use the default filter to omit variables and module parameters using the special
`omit` variable::
- name: touch files with an optional mode
file: dest={{item.path}} state=touch mode={{item.mode|default(omit)}}
with_items:
- path: /tmp/foo
- path: /tmp/bar
- path: /tmp/baz
mode: "0444"
For the first two files in the list, the default mode will be determined by the umask of the system as the `mode=`
parameter will not be sent to the file module while the final file will receive the `mode=0444` option.
.. _list_filters:
List Filters
------------
These filters all operate on list variables.
.. versionadded:: 1.8
To get the minimum value from list of numbers::
{{ list1 | min }}
To get the maximum value from a list of numbers::
{{ [3, 4, 2] | max }}
.. _set_theory_filters:
Set Theory Filters
------------------
All these functions return a unique set from sets or lists.
.. versionadded:: 1.4
To get a unique set from a list::
{{ list1 | unique }}
To get a union of two lists::
{{ list1 | union(list2) }}
To get the intersection of 2 lists (unique list of all items in both)::
{{ list1 | intersect(list2) }}
To get the difference of 2 lists (items in 1 that don't exist in 2)::
{{ list1 | difference(list2) }}
To get the symmetric difference of 2 lists (items exclusive to each list)::
{{ list1 | symmetric_difference(list2) }}
.. _version_comparison_filters:
Version Comparison Filters
--------------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.6
To compare a version number, such as checking if the ``ansible_distribution_version``
version is greater than or equal to '12.04', you can use the ``version_compare`` filter.
The ``version_compare`` filter can also be used to evaluate the ``ansible_distribution_version``::
{{ ansible_distribution_version | version_compare('12.04', '>=') }}
If ``ansible_distribution_version`` is greater than or equal to 12, this filter will return True, otherwise it will return False.
The ``version_compare`` filter accepts the following operators::
<, lt, <=, le, >, gt, >=, ge, ==, =, eq, !=, <>, ne
This filter also accepts a 3rd parameter, ``strict`` which defines if strict version parsing should
be used. The default is ``False``, and if set as ``True`` will use more strict version parsing::
{{ sample_version_var | version_compare('1.0', operator='lt', strict=True) }}
.. _random_filter:
Random Number Filter
--------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.6
This filter can be used similar to the default jinja2 random filter (returning a random item from a sequence of
items), but can also generate a random number based on a range.
To get a random item from a list::
{{ ['a','b','c']|random }} => 'c'
To get a random number from 0 to supplied end::
{{ 59 |random}} * * * * root /script/from/cron
Get a random number from 0 to 100 but in steps of 10::
{{ 100 |random(step=10) }} => 70
Get a random number from 1 to 100 but in steps of 10::
{{ 100 |random(1, 10) }} => 31
{{ 100 |random(start=1, step=10) }} => 51
Shuffle Filter
--------------
.. versionadded:: 1.8
This filter will randomize an existing list, giving a different order every invocation.
To get a random list from an existing list::
{{ ['a','b','c']|shuffle }} => ['c','a','b']
{{ ['a','b','c']|shuffle }} => ['b','c','a']
note that when used with a non 'listable' item it is a noop, otherwise it always returns a list
.. _math_stuff:
Math
--------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.9
To see if something is actually a number::
{{ myvar | isnan }}
Get the logarithm (default is e)::
{{ myvar | log }}
Get the base 10 logarithm::
{{ myvar | log(10) }}
Give me the power of 2! (or 5)::
{{ myvar | pow(2) }}
{{ myvar | pow(5) }}
Square root, or the 5th::
{{ myvar | root }}
{{ myvar | root(5) }}
Note that jinja2 already provides some like abs() and round().
.. _ipaddr_filter:
IP address filter
-----------------
.. versionadded:: 1.9
To test if a string is a valid IP address::
{{ myvar | ipaddr }}
You can also require a specific IP protocol version::
{{ myvar | ipv4 }}
{{ myvar | ipv6 }}
IP address filter can also be used to extract specific information from an IP
address. For example, to get the IP address itself from a CIDR, you can use::
{{ '192.0.2.1/24' | ipaddr('address') }}
More information about ``ipaddr`` filter and complete usage guide can be found
in :doc:`playbooks_filters_ipaddr`.
.. _hash_filters:
Hashing filters
--------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.9
To get the sha1 hash of a string::
{{ 'test1'|hash('sha1') }}
To get the md5 hash of a string::
{{ 'test1'|hash('md5') }}
Get a string checksum::
{{ 'test2'|checksum }}
Other hashes (platform dependant)::
{{ 'test2'|hash('blowfish') }}
To get a sha512 password hash (random salt)::
{{ 'passwordsaresecret'|password_hash('sha512') }}
To get a sha256 password hash with a specific salt::
{{ 'secretpassword'|password_hash('sha256', 'mysecretsalt') }}
Hash types available depend on the master system running ansible,
'hash' depends on hashlib password_hash depends on crypt.
.. _other_useful_filters:
Other Useful Filters
--------------------
To use one value on true and another on false::
{{ name == "John" | ternary('Mr','Ms') }}
To concatenate a list into a string::
{{ list | join(" ") }}
To get the last name of a file path, like 'foo.txt' out of '/etc/asdf/foo.txt'::
{{ path | basename }}
To get the directory from a path::
{{ path | dirname }}
To expand a path containing a tilde (`~`) character (new in version 1.5)::
{{ path | expanduser }}
To get the real path of a link (new in version 1.8)::
{{ path | readlink }}
To work with Base64 encoded strings::
{{ encoded | b64decode }}
{{ decoded | b64encode }}
To create a UUID from a string (new in version 1.9)::
{{ hostname | to_uuid }}
To cast values as certain types, such as when you input a string as "True" from a vars_prompt and the system
doesn't know it is a boolean value::
- debug: msg=test
when: some_string_value | bool
To match strings against a regex, use the "match" or "search" filter::
vars:
url: "http://example.com/users/foo/resources/bar"
tasks:
- shell: "msg='matched pattern 1'"
when: url | match("http://example.com/users/.*/resources/.*")
- debug: "msg='matched pattern 2'"
when: url | search("/users/.*/resources/.*")
'match' will require a complete match in the string, while 'search' will require a match inside of the string.
To replace text in a string with regex, use the "regex_replace" filter::
# convert "ansible" to "able"
{{ 'ansible' | regex_replace('^a.*i(.*)$', 'a\\1') }}
# convert "foobar" to "bar"
{{ 'foobar' | regex_replace('^f.*o(.*)$', '\\1') }}
.. note:: If "regex_replace" filter is used with variables inside YAML arguments (as opposed to simpler 'key=value' arguments),
then you need to escape backreferences (e.g. ``\\1``) with 4 backslashes (``\\\\``) instead of 2 (``\\``).
A few useful filters are typically added with each new Ansible release. The development documentation shows
how to extend Ansible filters by writing your own as plugins, though in general, we encourage new ones
to be added to core so everyone can make use of them.
.. _builtin filters: http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/templates/#builtin-filters
.. seealso::
:doc:`playbooks`
An introduction to playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_conditionals`
Conditional statements in playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_variables`
All about variables
:doc:`playbooks_loops`
Looping in playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_roles`
Playbook organization by roles
:doc:`playbooks_best_practices`
Best practices in playbooks
`User Mailing List <http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-devel>`_
Have a question? Stop by the google group!
`irc.freenode.net <http://irc.freenode.net>`_
#ansible IRC chat channel
docsite/rst/playbooks_filters_ipaddr.rst 0 → 100644
Jinja2 'ipaddr()' filter
========================
.. versionadded:: 1.9
``ipaddr()`` is a Jinja2 filter designed to provide an interface to `netaddr`_
Python package from within Ansible. It can operate on strings or lists of
items, test various data to check if they are valid IP addresses and manipulate
the input data to extract requested information. ``ipaddr()`` works both with
IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in various forms, there are also additional functions
available to manipulate IP subnets and MAC addresses.
To use this filter in Ansible, you need to install `netaddr`_ Python library on
a computer on which you use Ansible (it is not required on remote hosts).
It can usually be installed either via your system package manager, or using
``pip``::
pip install netaddr
.. _netaddr: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/netaddr
.. contents:: Topics
:local:
:depth: 2
:backlinks: top
Basic tests
-----------
``ipaddr()`` is designed to return the input value if a query is True, and
``False`` if query is False. This way it can be very easily used in chained
filters. To use the filter, pass a string to it::
{{ '192.0.2.0' | ipaddr }}
You can also pass the values as variables::
{{ myvar | ipaddr }}
Here are some example tests of various input strings::
# These values are valid IP addresses or network ranges
'192.168.0.1' -> 192.168.0.1
'192.168.32.0/24' -> 192.168.32.0/24
'fe80::100/10' -> fe80::100/10
45443646733 -> ::a:94a7:50d
'523454/24' -> 0.7.252.190/24
# Values that are not valid IP addresses or network ranges:
'localhost' -> False
True -> False
'space bar' -> False
False -> False
'' -> False
':' -> False
'fe80:/10' -> False
Sometimes you need either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. To filter only for particular
type, ``ipaddr()`` filter has two "aliases", ``ipv4()`` and ``ipv6()``.
Example us of an IPv4 filter::
{{ myvar | ipv4 }}
And similar example of an IPv6 filter::
{{ myvar | ipv6 }}
Here's an example test to look for IPv4 addresses::
'192.168.0.1' -> 192.168.0.1
'192.168.32.0/24' -> 192.168.32.0/24
'fe80::100/10' -> False
45443646733 -> False
'523454/24' -> 0.7.252.190/24
And the same data filtered for IPv6 addresses::
'192.168.0.1' -> False
'192.168.32.0/24' -> False
'fe80::100/10' -> fe80::100/10
45443646733 -> ::a:94a7:50d
'523454/24' -> False
Filtering lists
---------------
You can filter entire lists - ``ipaddr()`` will return a list with values
valid for a particular query::
# Example list of values
test_list = ['192.24.2.1', 'host.fqdn', '::1', '192.168.32.0/24', 'fe80::100/10', True, '', '42540766412265424405338506004571095040/64']
# {{ test_list | ipaddr }}
['192.24.2.1', '::1', '192.168.32.0/24', 'fe80::100/10', '2001:db8:32c:faad::/64']
# {{ test_list | ipv4 }}
['192.24.2.1', '192.168.32.0/24']
# {{ test_list | ipv6 }}
['::1', 'fe80::100/10', '2001:db8:32c:faad::/64']
Wrapping IPv6 addresses in [ ] brackets
---------------------------------------
Some configuration files require IPv6 addresses to be "wrapped" in square
brackets (``[ ]``). To accomplish that, you can use ``ipwrap()`` filter. It
will wrap all IPv6 addresses and leave any other strings intact::
# {{ test_list | ipwrap }}
['192.24.2.1', 'host.fqdn', '[::1]', '192.168.32.0/24', '[fe80::100]/10', True, '', '[2001:db8:32c:faad::]/64']
As you can see, ``ipwrap()`` did not filter out non-IP address values, which is
usually what you want when for example you are mixing IP addresses with
hostnames. If you still want to filter out all non-IP address values, you can
chain both filters together::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr | ipwrap }}
['192.24.2.1', '[::1]', '192.168.32.0/24', '[fe80::100]/10', '[2001:db8:32c:faad::]/64']
Basic queries
-------------
You can provide single argument to each ``ipaddr()`` filter. Filter will then
treat it as a query and return values modified by that query. Lists will
contain only values that you are querying for.
Types of queries include:
- query by name: ``ipaddr('address')``, ``ipv4('network')``;
- query by CIDR range: ``ipaddr('192.168.0.0/24')``, ``ipv6('2001:db8::/32')``;
- query by index number: ``ipaddr('1')``, ``ipaddr('-1')``;
If a query type is not recognized, Ansible will raise an error.
Getting information about hosts and networks
--------------------------------------------
Here's our test list again::
# Example list of values
test_list = ['192.24.2.1', 'host.fqdn', '::1', '192.168.32.0/24', 'fe80::100/10', True, '', '42540766412265424405338506004571095040/64']
Lets take above list and get only those elements that are host IP addresses,
and not network ranges::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('address') }}
['192.24.2.1', '::1', 'fe80::100']
As you can see, even though some values had a host address with a CIDR prefix,
it was dropped by the filter. If you want host IP addresses with their correct
CIDR prefixes (as is common with IPv6 addressing), you can use
``ipaddr('host')`` filter::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('host') }}
['192.24.2.1/32', '::1/128', 'fe80::100/10']
Filtering by IP address types also works::
# {{ test_list | ipv4('address') }}
['192.24.2.1']
# {{ test_list | ipv6('address') }}
['::1', 'fe80::100']
You can check if IP addresses or network ranges are accessible on a public
Internet, or if they are in private networks::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('public') }}
['192.24.2.1', '2001:db8:32c:faad::/64']
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('private') }}
['192.168.32.0/24', 'fe80::100/10']
You can check which values are specifically network ranges::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('net') }}
['192.168.32.0/24', '2001:db8:32c:faad::/64']
You can also check how many IP addresses can be in a certain range::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('net') | ipaddr('size') }}
[256, 18446744073709551616L]
By specifying a network range as a query, you can check if given value is in
that range::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('192.0.0.0/8') }}
['192.24.2.1', '192.168.32.0/24']
If you specify a positive or negative integer as a query, ``ipaddr()`` will
treat this as an index and will return specific IP address from a network
range, in the 'host/prefix' format::
# First IP address (network address)
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('net') | ipaddr('0') }}
['192.168.32.0/24', '2001:db8:32c:faad::/64']
# Second IP address (usually gateway host)
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('net') | ipaddr('1') }}
['192.168.32.1/24', '2001:db8:32c:faad::1/64']
# Last IP address (broadcast in IPv4 networks)
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('net') | ipaddr('-1') }}
['192.168.32.255/24', '2001:db8:32c:faad:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/64']
You can also select IP addresses from a range by their index, from the start or
end of the range::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('net') | ipaddr('200') }}
['192.168.32.200/24', '2001:db8:32c:faad::c8/64']
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('net') | ipaddr('-200') }}
['192.168.32.56/24', '2001:db8:32c:faad:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff38/64']
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('net') | ipaddr('400') }}
['2001:db8:32c:faad::190/64']
Getting information from host/prefix values
-------------------------------------------
Very frequently you use combination of IP addresses and subnet prefixes
("CIDR"), this is even more common with IPv6. ``ipaddr()`` filter can extract
useful data from these prefixes.
Here's an example set of two host prefixes (with some "control" values)::
host_prefix = ['2001:db8:deaf:be11::ef3/64', '192.0.2.48/24', '127.0.0.1', '192.168.0.0/16']
First, let's make sure that we only work with correct host/prefix values, not
just subnets or single IP addresses::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('host/prefix') }}
['2001:db8:deaf:be11::ef3/64', '192.0.2.48/24']
In Debian-based systems, network configuration stored in ``/etc/network/interfaces`` file uses combination of IP address, network address, netmask and broadcast address to configure IPv4 network interface. We can get these values from single 'host/prefix' combination::
# Jinja2 template
{% set ipv4_host = host_prefix | unique | ipv4('host/prefix') | first %}
iface eth0 inet static
address {{ ipv4_host | ipaddr('address') }}
network {{ ipv4_host | ipaddr('network') }}
netmask {{ ipv4_host | ipaddr('netmask') }}
broadcast {{ ipv4_host | ipaddr('broadcast') }}
# Generated configuration file
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.0.2.48
network 192.0.2.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.0.2.255
In above example, we needed to handle the fact that values were stored in
a list, which is unusual in IPv4 networks, where only single IP address can be
set on an interface. However, IPv6 networks can have multiple IP addresses set
on an interface::
# Jinja2 template
iface eth0 inet6 static
{% set ipv6_list = host_prefix | unique | ipv6('host/prefix') %}
address {{ ipv6_list[0] }}
{% if ipv6_list | length > 1 %}
{% for subnet in ipv6_list[1:] %}
up /sbin/ip address add {{ subnet }} dev eth0
down /sbin/ip address del {{ subnet }} dev eth0
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
# Generated configuration file
iface eth0 inet6 static
address 2001:db8:deaf:be11::ef3/64
If needed, you can extract subnet and prefix information from 'host/prefix' value::
# {{ host_prefix | ipaddr('host/prefix') | ipaddr('subnet') }}
['2001:db8:deaf:be11::/64', '192.0.2.0/24']
# {{ host_prefix | ipaddr('host/prefix') | ipaddr('prefix') }}
[64, 24]
IP address conversion
---------------------
Here's our test list again::
# Example list of values
test_list = ['192.24.2.1', 'host.fqdn', '::1', '192.168.32.0/24', 'fe80::100/10', True, '', '42540766412265424405338506004571095040/64']
You can convert IPv4 addresses into IPv6 addresses::
# {{ test_list | ipv4('ipv6') }}
['::ffff:192.24.2.1/128', '::ffff:192.168.32.0/120']
Converting from IPv6 to IPv4 works very rarely::
# {{ test_list | ipv6('ipv4') }}
['0.0.0.1/32']
But we can make double conversion if needed::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('ipv6') | ipaddr('ipv4') }}
['192.24.2.1/32', '0.0.0.1/32', '192.168.32.0/24']
You can convert IP addresses to integers, the same way that you can convert
integers into IP addresses::
# {{ test_list | ipaddr('address') | ipaddr('int') }}
[3222798849, 1, '3232243712/24', '338288524927261089654018896841347694848/10', '42540766412265424405338506004571095040/64']
You can convert IP addresses to PTR records::
# {% for address in test_list | ipaddr %}
# {{ address | ipaddr('revdns') }}
# {% endfor %}
1.2.24.192.in-addr.arpa.
1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa.
0.32.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
0.0.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.e.f.ip6.arpa.
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.d.a.a.f.c.2.3.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.
Converting IPv4 address to 6to4 address
---------------------------------------
`6to4`_ tunnel is a way to access IPv6 Internet from IPv4-only network. If you
have a public IPv4 address, you automatically can configure it's IPv6
equivalent in ``2002::/16`` network range - after conversion you will gain
access to a ``2002:xxxx:xxxx::/48`` subnet which could be split into 65535
``/64`` subnets if needed.
To convert your IPv4 address, just send it through ``'6to4'`` filter. It will
be automatically converted to a router address (with ``::1/48`` host address)::
# {{ '193.0.2.0' | ipaddr('6to4') }}
2002:c100:0200::1/48
.. _6to4: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6to4
Subnet manipulation
-------------------
``ipsubnet()`` filter can be used to manipulate network subnets in several ways.
Here is some example IP address and subnet::
address = '192.168.144.5'
subnet = '192.168.0.0/16'
To check if a given string is a subnet, pass it through the filter without any
arguments. If given string is an IP address, it will be converted into
a subnet::
# {{ address | ipsubnet }}
192.168.144.5/32
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet }}
192.168.0.0/16
If you specify a subnet size as first parameter of ``ipsubnet()`` filter, and
subnet size is **smaller than current one**, you will get number of subnets
a given subnet can be split into::
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(20) }}
16
Second argument of ``ipsubnet()`` filter is an index number; by specifying it
you can get new subnet with specified size::
# First subnet
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(20, 0) }}
192.168.0.0/20
# Last subnet
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(20, -1) }}
192.168.240.0/20
# Fifth subnet
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(20, 5) }}
192.168.80.0/20
# Fifth to last subnet
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(20, -5) }}
192.168.176.0/20
If you specify an IP address instead of a subnet, and give a subnet size as
a first argument, ``ipsubnet()`` filter will instead return biggest subnet that
contains a given IP address::
# {{ address | ipsubnet(20) }}
192.168.128.0/18
By specifying an index number as a second argument, you can select smaller and
smaller subnets::
# First subnet
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(18, 0) }}
192.168.128.0/18
# Last subnet
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(18, -1) }}
192.168.144.4/31
# Fifth subnet
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(18, 5) }}
192.168.144.0/23
# Fifth to last subnet
# {{ subnet | ipsubnet(18, -5) }}
192.168.144.0/27
You can use ``ipsubnet()`` filter with ``ipaddr()`` filter to for example split
given ``/48`` prefix into smaller, ``/64`` subnets::
# {{ '193.0.2.0' | ipaddr('6to4') | ipsubnet(64, 58820) | ipaddr('1') }}
2002:c100:200:e5c4::1/64
Because of the size of IPv6 subnets, iteration over all of them to find the
correct one may take some time on slower computers, depending on the size
difference between subnets.
MAC address filter
------------------
You can use ``hwaddr()`` filter to check if a given string is a MAC address or
convert it between various formats. Examples::
# Example MAC address
macaddress = '1a:2b:3c:4d:5e:6f'
# Check if given string is a MAC address
# {{ macaddress | hwaddr }}
1a:2b:3c:4d:5e:6f
# Convert MAC address to PostgreSQL format
# {{ macaddress | hwaddr('pgsql') }}
1a2b3c:4d5e6f
# Convert MAC address to Cisco format
# {{ macaddress | hwaddr('cisco') }}
1a2b.3c4d.5e6f
.. seealso::
:doc:`playbooks`
An introduction to playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_filters`
Introduction to Jinja2 filters and their uses
:doc:`playbooks_conditionals`
Conditional statements in playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_variables`
All about variables
:doc:`playbooks_loops`
Looping in playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_roles`
Playbook organization by roles
:doc:`playbooks_best_practices`
Best practices in playbooks
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`irc.freenode.net <http://irc.freenode.net>`_
#ansible IRC chat channel
docsite/rst/playbooks_variables.rst
......@@ -113,344 +113,8 @@ Jinja2 Filters
Filters in Jinja2 are a way of transforming template expressions from one kind of data into another. Jinja2
ships with many of these. See `builtin filters`_ in the official Jinja2 template documentation.
In addition to those, Ansible supplies many more.
.. _filters_for_formatting_data:
Filters For Formatting Data
---------------------------
The following filters will take a data structure in a template and render it in a slightly different format. These
are occasionally useful for debugging::
{{ some_variable | to_nice_json }}
{{ some_variable | to_nice_yaml }}
.. _filters_used_with_conditionals:
Filters Often Used With Conditionals
------------------------------------
The following tasks are illustrative of how filters can be used with conditionals::
tasks:
- shell: /usr/bin/foo
register: result
ignore_errors: True
- debug: msg="it failed"
when: result|failed
# in most cases you'll want a handler, but if you want to do something right now, this is nice
- debug: msg="it changed"
when: result|changed
- debug: msg="it succeeded"
when: result|success
- debug: msg="it was skipped"
when: result|skipped
.. _forcing_variables_to_be_defined:
Forcing Variables To Be Defined
-------------------------------
The default behavior from ansible and ansible.cfg is to fail if variables are undefined, but you can turn this off.
This allows an explicit check with this feature off::
{{ variable | mandatory }}
The variable value will be used as is, but the template evaluation will raise an error if it is undefined.
.. _defaulting_undefined_variables:
Defaulting Undefined Variables
------------------------------
Jinja2 provides a useful 'default' filter, that is often a better approach to failing if a variable is not defined::
{{ some_variable | default(5) }}
In the above example, if the variable 'some_variable' is not defined, the value used will be 5, rather than an error
being raised.
.. _omitting_undefined_variables:
Omitting Undefined Variables and Parameters
-------------------------------------------
As of Ansible 1.8, it is possible to use the default filter to omit variables and module parameters using the special
`omit` variable::
- name: touch files with an optional mode
file: dest={{item.path}} state=touch mode={{item.mode|default(omit)}}
with_items:
- path: /tmp/foo
- path: /tmp/bar
- path: /tmp/baz
mode: "0444"
For the first two files in the list, the default mode will be determined by the umask of the system as the `mode=`
parameter will not be sent to the file module while the final file will receive the `mode=0444` option.
.. _list_filters:
List Filters
------------
These filters all operate on list variables.
.. versionadded:: 1.8
To get the minimum value from list of numbers::
{{ list1 | min }}
To get the maximum value from a list of numbers::
{{ [3, 4, 2] | max }}
.. _set_theory_filters:
Set Theory Filters
------------------
All these functions return a unique set from sets or lists.
.. versionadded:: 1.4
To get a unique set from a list::
{{ list1 | unique }}
To get a union of two lists::
{{ list1 | union(list2) }}
To get the intersection of 2 lists (unique list of all items in both)::
{{ list1 | intersect(list2) }}
To get the difference of 2 lists (items in 1 that don't exist in 2)::
{{ list1 | difference(list2) }}
To get the symmetric difference of 2 lists (items exclusive to each list)::
{{ list1 | symmetric_difference(list2) }}
.. _version_comparison_filters:
Version Comparison Filters
--------------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.6
To compare a version number, such as checking if the ``ansible_distribution_version``
version is greater than or equal to '12.04', you can use the ``version_compare`` filter.
The ``version_compare`` filter can also be used to evaluate the ``ansible_distribution_version``::
{{ ansible_distribution_version | version_compare('12.04', '>=') }}
If ``ansible_distribution_version`` is greater than or equal to 12, this filter will return True, otherwise it will return False.
The ``version_compare`` filter accepts the following operators::
<, lt, <=, le, >, gt, >=, ge, ==, =, eq, !=, <>, ne
This filter also accepts a 3rd parameter, ``strict`` which defines if strict version parsing should
be used. The default is ``False``, and if set as ``True`` will use more strict version parsing::
{{ sample_version_var | version_compare('1.0', operator='lt', strict=True) }}
.. _random_filter:
Random Number Filter
--------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.6
This filter can be used similar to the default jinja2 random filter (returning a random item from a sequence of
items), but can also generate a random number based on a range.
To get a random item from a list::
{{ ['a','b','c']|random }} => 'c'
To get a random number from 0 to supplied end::
{{ 59 |random}} * * * * root /script/from/cron
Get a random number from 0 to 100 but in steps of 10::
{{ 100 |random(step=10) }} => 70
Get a random number from 1 to 100 but in steps of 10::
{{ 100 |random(1, 10) }} => 31
{{ 100 |random(start=1, step=10) }} => 51
Shuffle Filter
--------------
.. versionadded:: 1.8
This filter will randomize an existing list, giving a different order every invocation.
To get a random list from an existing list::
{{ ['a','b','c']|shuffle }} => ['c','a','b']
{{ ['a','b','c']|shuffle }} => ['b','c','a']
note that when used with a non 'listable' item it is a noop, otherwise it always returns a list
.. _math_stuff:
Math
--------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.9
To see if something is actually a number::
{{ myvar | isnan }}
Get the logarithm (default is e)::
{{ myvar | log }}
Get the base 10 logarithm::
{{ myvar | log(10) }}
Give me the power of 2! (or 5)::
{{ myvar | pow(2) }}
{{ myvar | pow(5) }}
Square root, or the 5th::
{{ myvar | root }}
{{ myvar | root(5) }}
Note that jinja2 already provides some like abs() and round().
.. _hash_filters:
Hashing filters
--------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.9
To get the sha1 hash of a string::
{{ 'test1'|hash('sha1') }}
To get the md5 hash of a string::
{{ 'test1'|hash('md5') }}
Get a string checksum::
{{ 'test2'|checksum }}
Other hashes (platform dependant)::
{{ 'test2'|hash('blowfish') }}
To get a sha512 password hash (random salt)::
{{ 'passwordsaresecret'|password_hash('sha512') }}
To get a sha256 password hash with a specific salt::
{{ 'secretpassword'|password_hash('sha256', 'mysecretsalt') }}
Hash types available depend on the master system running ansible,
'hash' depends on hashlib password_hash depends on crypt.
.. _other_useful_filters:
Other Useful Filters
--------------------
To use one value on true and another on false::
{{ name == "John" | ternary('Mr','Ms') }}
To concatenate a list into a string::
{{ list | join(" ") }}
To get the last name of a file path, like 'foo.txt' out of '/etc/asdf/foo.txt'::
{{ path | basename }}
To get the directory from a path::
{{ path | dirname }}
To expand a path containing a tilde (`~`) character (new in version 1.5)::
{{ path | expanduser }}
To get the real path of a link (new in version 1.8)::
{{ path | readlink }}
To work with Base64 encoded strings::
{{ encoded | b64decode }}
{{ decoded | b64encode }}
To create a UUID from a string (new in version 1.9)::
{{ hostname | to_uuid }}
To cast values as certain types, such as when you input a string as "True" from a vars_prompt and the system
doesn't know it is a boolean value::
- debug: msg=test
when: some_string_value | bool
To match strings against a regex, use the "match" or "search" filter::
vars:
url: "http://example.com/users/foo/resources/bar"
tasks:
- shell: "msg='matched pattern 1'"
when: url | match("http://example.com/users/.*/resources/.*")
- debug: "msg='matched pattern 2'"
when: url | search("/users/.*/resources/.*")
'match' will require a complete match in the string, while 'search' will require a match inside of the string.
To replace text in a string with regex, use the "regex_replace" filter::
# convert "ansible" to "able"
{{ 'ansible' | regex_replace('^a.*i(.*)$', 'a\\1') }}
# convert "foobar" to "bar"
{{ 'foobar' | regex_replace('^f.*o(.*)$', '\\1') }}
.. note:: If "regex_replace" filter is used with variables inside YAML arguments (as opposed to simpler 'key=value' arguments),
then you need to escape backreferences (e.g. ``\\1``) with 4 backslashes (``\\\\``) instead of 2 (``\\``).
A few useful filters are typically added with each new Ansible release. The development documentation shows
how to extend Ansible filters by writing your own as plugins, though in general, we encourage new ones
to be added to core so everyone can make use of them.
In addition to those, Ansible supplies many more. See the :doc:`playbooks_filters` document
for a list of available filters and example usage guide.
.. _yaml_gotchas:
......@@ -1168,6 +832,8 @@ how all of these things can work together.
An introduction to playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_conditionals`
Conditional statements in playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_filters`
Jinja2 filters and their uses
:doc:`playbooks_loops`
Looping in playbooks
:doc:`playbooks_roles`
......
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