Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In dignissim
placerat nibh, non feugiat risus varius vitae. Donec eu libero
lectus. Ut non orci felis, eget mattis mauris. Etiam ut tellus in
magna porta venenatis. Quisque scelerisque, sem non ultrices bibendum,
dolor diam rutrum lectus, sed luctus neque neque vitae eros. Vivamus
mattis, ipsum ut bibendum gravida, lectus arcu venenatis elit, vitae
luctus diam leo sit amet ligula. Nunc egestas justo in nulla sagittis
ut suscipit sapien gravida. Morbi id dui nibh. Nullam diam massa,
rhoncus a dignissim non, adipiscing vel arcu. Quisque ultricies
tincidunt purus ut sodales. Quisque scelerisque dapibus purus quis
egestas. Maecenas sagittis porttitor adipiscing. Duis eu magna
sem. Donec arcu felis, faucibus et malesuada non, blandit vitae
metus. Fusce nec sapien dolor.
Examples 2
``````````
Aenean ac fermentum nisl. Integer leo sem, rutrum nec dictum at,
pretium quis sapien. Duis felis metus, sodales sit amet gravida in,
pretium ut arcu. Nulla ligula quam, aliquam sit amet sollicitudin
eget, molestie tincidunt ipsum. Nulla leo nunc, mattis sed auctor at,
suscipit ut metus. Suspendisse hendrerit, justo sagittis malesuada
molestie, nisi nunc placerat libero, vel vulputate elit tellus et
augue. Phasellus tempor lectus ac nisi aliquam faucibus. Donec feugiat
egestas nibh id mattis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Ut accumsan
lorem eget leo dictum viverra.
Examples 3
``````````
Quisque egestas lorem sit amet felis tincidunt adipiscing. Aenean
ornare fermentum accumsan. Aenean eu mauris arcu, id pulvinar
quam. Suspendisse nec massa vel augue laoreet ultricies in convallis
dolor. Mauris sodales porta enim, non ultricies dolor luctus
in. Phasellus eu tortor lectus, vel porttitor nulla. Mauris vulputate,
erat id scelerisque lobortis, nibh ipsum tristique elit, ac viverra
arcu sem a ante. Praesent nec metus vestibulum augue eleifend
suscipit. In feugiat, sem nec dignissim consequat, velit tortor
scelerisque metus, sit amet mollis nisl sem eu nibh. Quisque in nibh
turpis. Proin ac nisi ligula, a pretium augue.
Examples 3
``````````
In nibh eros, laoreet id interdum vel, sodales sed tortor. Sed
ullamcorper, sem vel mattis consectetur, nibh turpis molestie nisl,
eget lobortis mi magna sed metus. Cras justo est, tempus quis
adipiscing ut, hendrerit convallis sem. Mauris ullamcorper, sapien et
luctus iaculis, urna elit egestas ipsum, et tristique enim risus vitae
nunc. Vivamus aliquet lorem eu urna pulvinar hendrerit malesuada nunc
sollicitudin. Cras in mi rhoncus quam egestas dignissim vel sit amet
lacus. Maecenas interdum viverra laoreet. Quisque elementum
sollicitudin ullamcorper.
Examples 4
``````````
Pellentesque mauris sem, malesuada at lobortis in, porta eget
urna. Duis aliquet quam eget risus elementum quis auctor ligula
gravida. Phasellus et ullamcorper libero. Nam elementum ultricies
tellus, in sagittis magna aliquet quis. Ut sit amet tellus id erat
tristique lobortis. Suspendisse est enim, tristique eu convallis id,
rutrum nec lacus. Fusce iaculis diam non felis rutrum lobortis. Proin
hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.
.. seealso::
:doc:`modules`
A list of available modules
:doc:`playbooks`
Alternative ways to use ansible
Parallelism and Shell Commands
``````````````````````````````
Reboot all web servers in Atlanta, 10 at a time::
ssh-agent bash
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ansible atlanta -a "/sbin/reboot" -f 10
The -f 10 specifies the usage of 10 simultaneous processes.
Note that other than the command module, ansible modules do not work like simple scripts. They make the remote system look like you state, and run the commands neccessary to get it there.
Example 2: Time Limited Background Operations
`````````````````````````````````````````````
Long running operations can be backgrounded, and their status can be checked on later. The same job ID is given to the same task on all hosts, so you won't lose track. Polling support is pending in the command line.::
ansible all -B 3600 -a "/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"
ansible all -n job_status -a jid=123456789
Any module other than 'copy' or 'template' can be backgrounded.
Examples 3: File Transfer & Templating
``````````````````````````````````````
Ansible can SCP lots of files to multiple machines in parallel, and optionally use them as template sources.
To just transfer a file directly to many different servers::
ansible atlanta copy -a "/etc/hosts /tmp/hosts"
To use templating, first run the setup module to put the template variables you would like to use on the remote host. Then use the template module to write the files using the templates. Templates are written in Jinja2 format. Playbooks (covered below) will run the setup module for you, making this even simpler.::
ansible webservers -m setup -a "favcolor=red ntp_server=192.168.1.1"
ansible webservers -m template -a "src=/srv/motd.j2 dest=/etc/motd"
ansible webservers -m template -a "src=/srv/ntp.j2 dest=/etc/ntp.conf"
Need something like the fqdn in a template? If facter or ohai are installed, data from these projects will also be made available to the template engine, using 'facter' and 'ohai' prefixes for each.
Examples 3: Deploying From Source Control
`````````````````````````````````````````
Deploy your webapp straight from git::
ansible webservers -m git -a "repo=git://foo dest=/srv/myapp version=HEAD"
Since ansible modules can notify change handlers (see 'Playbooks') it is possible to tell ansible to run specific tasks when the code is updated, such as deploying Perl/Python/PHP/Ruby directly from git and then restarting apache.
Ansible is a extra-simple tool/API for doing 'parallel remote things'
over SSH -- whether executing commands, running "modules", or
executing larger 'playbooks' that can serve as a configuration
management or deployment system.
Ansible is a radically simple deployment, configuration, and command execution framework.
Other tools in this space have been too complicated for too long, require too much bootstrapping,
and have too much learning curve. Ansible is dead simple and painless to extend. For comparison, Puppet and Chef have about 60k lines of code. Ansible's core is a little over 1000 lines.
While `Func installation <http://fedorahosted.org/func>`_ which I
co-wrote, aspired to avoid using SSH and have it's own daemon
infrastructure, Ansible aspires to be quite different and more
minimal, but still able to grow more modularly over time. This is
based on talking to a lot of users of various tools and wishing to
eliminate problems with connectivity and long running daemons, or not
picking tool `X` because they preferred to code in `Y`. Further,
playbooks take things a whole step further, building the config and
deployment system I always wanted to build.
Ansible isn't just for configuration -- it's also great for Ad-Hoc tasks,
quickly firing off commands against nodes. Where Ansible excels though, is expressing complex multi-node deployment processes, executing complex sequences of commands on different hosts through the "playbooks" feature.
Why use Ansible versus something else? (Fabric, Capistrano,
Ansible does not require programming in any particular language -- you can write modules
as scripts or programs that return simple JSON.
Why use Ansible versus something else? (Puppet, Chef, Fabric, Capistrano,
mCollective, Func, SaltStack, etc?) It will have far less code, it
will be more correct, and it will be the easiest thing to hack on and
use you'll ever see -- regardless of your favorite language of choice.
Want to only code plugins in bash or clojure? Ansible doesn't care.
The docs will fit on one page and the source will be blindingly
obvious.
Systems management doesn't have to be complicated. Ansible's docs will remain
short & simple, and the source will be blindingly obvious.
Design Principles
`````````````````
Design Goals
````````````
* Dead simple setup
* Super fast & parallel by default
* No server or client daemons; use existing SSHd
* No server or client daemons; use existing SSHd out of the box
* No additional software required on client boxes
* Modules can be written in ANY language
* Awesome API for creating very powerful distributed scripts
* Be usable as non-root
* Create the easiest config management system to use, ever.
About the Author
````````````````
Requirements
````````````
Requirements are extremely minimal.
If you are running python 2.6 on the **overlord** machine, you will
need:
* ``paramiko``
* ``PyYAML``
* ``python-jinja2`` (for playbooks)
* ``Asciidoc`` (for building documentation)
If you are running less than Python 2.6, you will also need:
* The Python 2.4 or 2.5 backport of the ``multiprocessing`` module
- `Installation and Testing Instructions <http://code.google.com/p/python-multiprocessing/wiki/Install>`_
* ``simplejson``
On the managed nodes, to use templating, you will need:
* ``python-jinja2`` (you can install this with ansible)
Getting Ansible
```````````````
Tagged releases are available as tar.gz files from the Ansible github
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In dignissim
placerat nibh, non feugiat risus varius vitae. Donec eu libero
lectus. Ut non orci felis, eget mattis mauris. Etiam ut tellus in
magna porta venenatis. Quisque scelerisque, sem non ultrices bibendum,
dolor diam rutrum lectus, sed luctus neque neque vitae eros. Vivamus
mattis, ipsum ut bibendum gravida, lectus arcu venenatis elit, vitae
luctus diam leo sit amet ligula. Nunc egestas justo in nulla sagittis
ut suscipit sapien gravida. Morbi id dui nibh. Nullam diam massa,
rhoncus a dignissim non, adipiscing vel arcu. Quisque ultricies
tincidunt purus ut sodales. Quisque scelerisque dapibus purus quis
egestas. Maecenas sagittis porttitor adipiscing. Duis eu magna
sem. Donec arcu felis, faucibus et malesuada non, blandit vitae
metus. Fusce nec sapien dolor.
Aenean ac fermentum nisl. Integer leo sem, rutrum nec dictum at,
pretium quis sapien. Duis felis metus, sodales sit amet gravida in,
pretium ut arcu. Nulla ligula quam, aliquam sit amet sollicitudin
eget, molestie tincidunt ipsum. Nulla leo nunc, mattis sed auctor at,
suscipit ut metus. Suspendisse hendrerit, justo sagittis malesuada
molestie, nisi nunc placerat libero, vel vulputate elit tellus et
augue. Phasellus tempor lectus ac nisi aliquam faucibus. Donec feugiat
egestas nibh id mattis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Ut accumsan
lorem eget leo dictum viverra.
Quisque egestas lorem sit amet felis tincidunt adipiscing. Aenean
ornare fermentum accumsan. Aenean eu mauris arcu, id pulvinar
quam. Suspendisse nec massa vel augue laoreet ultricies in convallis
dolor. Mauris sodales porta enim, non ultricies dolor luctus
in. Phasellus eu tortor lectus, vel porttitor nulla. Mauris vulputate,
erat id scelerisque lobortis, nibh ipsum tristique elit, ac viverra
arcu sem a ante. Praesent nec metus vestibulum augue eleifend
suscipit. In feugiat, sem nec dignissim consequat, velit tortor
scelerisque metus, sit amet mollis nisl sem eu nibh. Quisque in nibh
turpis. Proin ac nisi ligula, a pretium augue.
In nibh eros, laoreet id interdum vel, sodales sed tortor. Sed
ullamcorper, sem vel mattis consectetur, nibh turpis molestie nisl,
eget lobortis mi magna sed metus. Cras justo est, tempus quis
adipiscing ut, hendrerit convallis sem. Mauris ullamcorper, sapien et
luctus iaculis, urna elit egestas ipsum, et tristique enim risus vitae
nunc. Vivamus aliquet lorem eu urna pulvinar hendrerit malesuada nunc
sollicitudin. Cras in mi rhoncus quam egestas dignissim vel sit amet
lacus. Maecenas interdum viverra laoreet. Quisque elementum
sollicitudin ullamcorper.
Pellentesque mauris sem, malesuada at lobortis in, porta eget
urna. Duis aliquet quam eget risus elementum quis auctor ligula
gravida. Phasellus et ullamcorper libero. Nam elementum ultricies
tellus, in sagittis magna aliquet quis. Ut sit amet tellus id erat
tristique lobortis. Suspendisse est enim, tristique eu convallis id,
rutrum nec lacus. Fusce iaculis diam non felis rutrum lobortis. Proin
hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.
Ansible Modules
===============
.. seealso::
:doc:`examples`
Examples of using modules in /usr/bin/ansible
:doc:`playbooks`
Examples of using modules with /usr/bin/ansible-playbook
:doc:`api`
Examples of using modules with the Python API
About Modules
`````````````
Ansible ships with a number of modules that can be executed directly on remote hosts or through
ansible playbooks.
Idempotence
```````````
Most modules other than command are idempotent, meaning they will seek to avoid changes
unless a change needs to be made. When using ansible playbooks, these modules can
trigger change events. Unless otherwise noted, all modules support change hooks.
command
```````
The command module takes the command name followed by a list of arguments, space delimited.
This is the only module that does not use key=value style parameters.
Example usage::
/sbin/shutdown -t now
This module does not support change hooks and returns the return code from the program as well as timing information about how long the command was running for.
copy
````
The copy module moves a file on the local box to remote locations.
*src*::
Local absolute path to a file to copy to the remote server
*dest*::
Remote absolute path where the file should end up
This module also returns md5sum information about the resultant file.
facter
``````
Runs the discovery program 'facter' on the remote system, returning
JSON data that can be useful for inventory purposes.
Requires that 'facter' and 'ruby-json' be installed on the remote end.
This module is informative only - it takes no parameters & does not support change hooks,
nor does it make any changes on the system.
git
```
Deploys software from git checkouts.
*repo*::
git or http protocol address of the repo to checkout
*dest*::
where to check it out, an absolute directory path
*version*::
what version to check out -- either the git SHA, the literal string 'HEAD', or a tag name
ohai
````
Similar to the facter module, this returns JSON inventory data. Ohai
data is a bit more verbose and nested than facter.
Requires that 'ohai' be installed on the remote end.
This module is information only - it takes no parameters & does not
support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.
ping
````
A trivial test module, this module always returns the integer '1' on
successful contact.
This module does not support change hooks.
This module is informative only - it takes no parameters & does not
support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.
service
```````
Controls services on remote machines.
*state*
Values are 'started', 'stopped', or 'restarted'. Started/stopped
are idempotent actions that will not run commands unless neccessary.
'restarted' will always bounce the service
*name*
The name of the service
setup
`````
Writes a JSON file containing key/value data, for use in templating.
Call this once before using the template modules. Playbooks will
execute this module automatically as the first step in each play.
If facter or ohai are installed, variables from these programs will also
be snapshotted into the JSON file for usage in templating. These variables
are prefixed with 'facter_' and 'ohai_" so it's easy to tell their source.
*metadata*
Optionally overrides the default JSON file location of /etc/ansible/setup or ~/ansible/setup
depending on what remote user has been specified.
If used, also supply the metadata parameter to the template module.
*anything*
any other parameters can be named basically anything, and set a key=value
pair in the JSON file for use in templating.
template
````````
Templates a file out to a remote server. Call the setup module prior to usage.
*src*
path of a Jinja2 formatted template on the local server
*dest*
location to render the template on the remote server
*metadata*
location of a JSON file to use to supply template data. Default is /etc/ansible/setup
which is the same as the default for the setup module. Change if running as a non-root
remote user who does not have permissions on /etc/ansible.
This module also returns md5sum information about the resultant file.
user
````
This module is in plan.
yum
```
This module is in plan.
WRITING YOUR OWN MODULES
````````````````````````
To write your own modules, simply follow the convention of those already available in
/usr/share/ansible. Modules must return JSON but can be written in any language.
Modules should return hashes, but hashes can be nested.
To support change hooks, modules should return hashes with a changed: True/False
element at the top level. Modules can also choose to indicate a failure scenario
by returning a top level 'failure' element with a True value, and a 'msg' element
describing the nature of the failure. Other values are up to the module.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In dignissim
placerat nibh, non feugiat risus varius vitae. Donec eu libero
lectus. Ut non orci felis, eget mattis mauris. Etiam ut tellus in
magna porta venenatis. Quisque scelerisque, sem non ultrices bibendum,
dolor diam rutrum lectus, sed luctus neque neque vitae eros. Vivamus
mattis, ipsum ut bibendum gravida, lectus arcu venenatis elit, vitae
luctus diam leo sit amet ligula. Nunc egestas justo in nulla sagittis
ut suscipit sapien gravida. Morbi id dui nibh. Nullam diam massa,
rhoncus a dignissim non, adipiscing vel arcu. Quisque ultricies
tincidunt purus ut sodales. Quisque scelerisque dapibus purus quis
egestas. Maecenas sagittis porttitor adipiscing. Duis eu magna
sem. Donec arcu felis, faucibus et malesuada non, blandit vitae
metus. Fusce nec sapien dolor.
Aenean ac fermentum nisl. Integer leo sem, rutrum nec dictum at,
pretium quis sapien. Duis felis metus, sodales sit amet gravida in,
pretium ut arcu. Nulla ligula quam, aliquam sit amet sollicitudin
eget, molestie tincidunt ipsum. Nulla leo nunc, mattis sed auctor at,
suscipit ut metus. Suspendisse hendrerit, justo sagittis malesuada
molestie, nisi nunc placerat libero, vel vulputate elit tellus et
augue. Phasellus tempor lectus ac nisi aliquam faucibus. Donec feugiat
egestas nibh id mattis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Ut accumsan
lorem eget leo dictum viverra.
Quisque egestas lorem sit amet felis tincidunt adipiscing. Aenean
ornare fermentum accumsan. Aenean eu mauris arcu, id pulvinar
quam. Suspendisse nec massa vel augue laoreet ultricies in convallis
dolor. Mauris sodales porta enim, non ultricies dolor luctus
in. Phasellus eu tortor lectus, vel porttitor nulla. Mauris vulputate,
erat id scelerisque lobortis, nibh ipsum tristique elit, ac viverra
arcu sem a ante. Praesent nec metus vestibulum augue eleifend
suscipit. In feugiat, sem nec dignissim consequat, velit tortor
scelerisque metus, sit amet mollis nisl sem eu nibh. Quisque in nibh
turpis. Proin ac nisi ligula, a pretium augue.
In nibh eros, laoreet id interdum vel, sodales sed tortor. Sed
ullamcorper, sem vel mattis consectetur, nibh turpis molestie nisl,
eget lobortis mi magna sed metus. Cras justo est, tempus quis
adipiscing ut, hendrerit convallis sem. Mauris ullamcorper, sapien et
luctus iaculis, urna elit egestas ipsum, et tristique enim risus vitae
nunc. Vivamus aliquet lorem eu urna pulvinar hendrerit malesuada nunc
sollicitudin. Cras in mi rhoncus quam egestas dignissim vel sit amet
lacus. Maecenas interdum viverra laoreet. Quisque elementum
sollicitudin ullamcorper.
Pellentesque mauris sem, malesuada at lobortis in, porta eget
urna. Duis aliquet quam eget risus elementum quis auctor ligula
gravida. Phasellus et ullamcorper libero. Nam elementum ultricies
tellus, in sagittis magna aliquet quis. Ut sit amet tellus id erat
tristique lobortis. Suspendisse est enim, tristique eu convallis id,
rutrum nec lacus. Fusce iaculis diam non felis rutrum lobortis. Proin
hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.
.. seealso::
:doc:`YAMLScripts`
Learn about YAML syntax
:doc:`modules`
Learn about available modules and writing your own
:doc:`patterns`
Learn about how to select hosts
Playbooks are a completely different way to use ansible and are particularly awesome.
They are the basis for a really simple configuration management and deployment system, unlike any that already exist, and one that is very well suited to deploying complex multi-machine applications. While you might run the main ansible program for ad-hoc tasks, playbooks are more likely to be kept in source control and used to push out your configuration or assure the configurations of your remote systems are in spec.
Playbook Example
````````````````
Playbooks are expressed in YAML format and have a minimum of syntax. Each playbook is composed
of one or more patterns in a list. By composing a playbook of multiple patterns, it is possible
to orchestrate multi-machine deployments, running certain steps on all machines in
the webservers group, then certain steps on the database server group, then more commands
<h1>Communicate and Get Involved<aclass="headerlink"href="#communicate-and-get-involved"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<ulclass="simple">
<li>Join the <aclass="reference external"href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">ansible-project mailing list</a> on Google Groups</li>
<li>Join <aclass="reference external"href="irc://irc.freenode.net/#ansible">#ansible</a> on the <aclass="reference external"href="http://freenode.net/">freenode IRC network</a></li>
<li>Visit the <aclass="reference external"href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible">project page</a> on Github<ul>
<li>View the <aclass="reference external"href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues">issue tracker</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
...
...
@@ -120,7 +80,7 @@ hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.</p>
<h2>Parallelism and Shell Commands<aclass="headerlink"href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Reboot all web servers in Atlanta, 10 at a time:</p>
<divclass="highlight-python"><pre>ssh-agent bash
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ansible atlanta -a "/sbin/reboot" -f 10</pre>
</div>
<p>The -f 10 specifies the usage of 10 simultaneous processes.</p>
<p>Note that other than the command module, ansible modules do not work like simple scripts. They make the remote system look like you state, and run the commands neccessary to get it there.</p>
<h2>Example 2: Time Limited Background Operations<aclass="headerlink"href="#example-2-time-limited-background-operations"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Long running operations can be backgrounded, and their status can be checked on later. The same job ID is given to the same task on all hosts, so you won’t lose track. Polling support is pending in the command line.:</p>
<divclass="highlight-python"><pre>ansible all -B 3600 -a "/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"
ansible all -n job_status -a jid=123456789</pre>
</div>
<p>Any module other than ‘copy’ or ‘template’ can be backgrounded.</p>
<h2>Examples 3: File Transfer & Templating<aclass="headerlink"href="#examples-3-file-transfer-templating"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Ansible can SCP lots of files to multiple machines in parallel, and optionally use them as template sources.</p>
<p>To just transfer a file directly to many different servers:</p>
<divclass="highlight-python"><pre>ansible atlanta copy -a "/etc/hosts /tmp/hosts"</pre>
</div>
<p>To use templating, first run the setup module to put the template variables you would like to use on the remote host. Then use the template module to write the files using the templates. Templates are written in Jinja2 format. Playbooks (covered below) will run the setup module for you, making this even simpler.:</p>
<divclass="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m setup -a "favcolor=red ntp_server=192.168.1.1"
ansible webservers -m template -a "src=/srv/motd.j2 dest=/etc/motd"
ansible webservers -m template -a "src=/srv/ntp.j2 dest=/etc/ntp.conf"</pre>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="examples-3">
<h2>Examples 3<aclass="headerlink"href="#examples-3"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Quisque egestas lorem sit amet felis tincidunt adipiscing. Aenean
ornare fermentum accumsan. Aenean eu mauris arcu, id pulvinar
quam. Suspendisse nec massa vel augue laoreet ultricies in convallis
dolor. Mauris sodales porta enim, non ultricies dolor luctus
in. Phasellus eu tortor lectus, vel porttitor nulla. Mauris vulputate,
erat id scelerisque lobortis, nibh ipsum tristique elit, ac viverra
arcu sem a ante. Praesent nec metus vestibulum augue eleifend
suscipit. In feugiat, sem nec dignissim consequat, velit tortor
scelerisque metus, sit amet mollis nisl sem eu nibh. Quisque in nibh
turpis. Proin ac nisi ligula, a pretium augue.</p>
<p>Need something like the fqdn in a template? If facter or ohai are installed, data from these projects will also be made available to the template engine, using ‘facter’ and ‘ohai’ prefixes for each.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="id1">
<h2>Examples 3<aclass="headerlink"href="#id1"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In nibh eros, laoreet id interdum vel, sodales sed tortor. Sed
ullamcorper, sem vel mattis consectetur, nibh turpis molestie nisl,
eget lobortis mi magna sed metus. Cras justo est, tempus quis
adipiscing ut, hendrerit convallis sem. Mauris ullamcorper, sapien et
luctus iaculis, urna elit egestas ipsum, et tristique enim risus vitae
nunc. Vivamus aliquet lorem eu urna pulvinar hendrerit malesuada nunc
sollicitudin. Cras in mi rhoncus quam egestas dignissim vel sit amet
lacus. Maecenas interdum viverra laoreet. Quisque elementum
<h2>Examples 3: Deploying From Source Control<aclass="headerlink"href="#examples-3-deploying-from-source-control"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Deploy your webapp straight from git:</p>
<divclass="highlight-python"><pre>ansible webservers -m git -a "repo=git://foo dest=/srv/myapp version=HEAD"</pre>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="examples-4">
<h2>Examples 4<aclass="headerlink"href="#examples-4"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Pellentesque mauris sem, malesuada at lobortis in, porta eget
urna. Duis aliquet quam eget risus elementum quis auctor ligula
gravida. Phasellus et ullamcorper libero. Nam elementum ultricies
tellus, in sagittis magna aliquet quis. Ut sit amet tellus id erat
tristique lobortis. Suspendisse est enim, tristique eu convallis id,
rutrum nec lacus. Fusce iaculis diam non felis rutrum lobortis. Proin
hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.</p>
<p>Since ansible modules can notify change handlers (see ‘Playbooks’) it is possible to tell ansible to run specific tasks when the code is updated, such as deploying Perl/Python/PHP/Ruby directly from git and then restarting apache.</p>
</div>
</div>
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...
@@ -124,11 +109,10 @@ hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.</p>
<h3><ahref="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<h1>Ansible<aclass="headerlink"href="#ansible"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Ansible is a extra-simple tool/API for doing ‘parallel remote things’
over SSH – whether executing commands, running “modules”, or
executing larger ‘playbooks’ that can serve as a configuration
management or deployment system.</p>
<p>While <aclass="reference external"href="http://fedorahosted.org/func">Func installation</a> which I
co-wrote, aspired to avoid using SSH and have it’s own daemon
infrastructure, Ansible aspires to be quite different and more
minimal, but still able to grow more modularly over time. This is
based on talking to a lot of users of various tools and wishing to
eliminate problems with connectivity and long running daemons, or not
picking tool <cite>X</cite> because they preferred to code in <cite>Y</cite>. Further,
playbooks take things a whole step further, building the config and
deployment system I always wanted to build.</p>
<p>Why use Ansible versus something else? (Fabric, Capistrano,
<p>Ansible is a radically simple deployment, configuration, and command execution framework.
Other tools in this space have been too complicated for too long, require too much bootstrapping,
and have too much learning curve. Ansible is dead simple and painless to extend. For comparison, Puppet and Chef have about 60k lines of code. Ansible’s core is a little over 1000 lines.</p>
<p>Ansible isn’t just for configuration – it’s also great for Ad-Hoc tasks,
quickly firing off commands against nodes. Where Ansible excels though, is expressing complex multi-node deployment processes, executing complex sequences of commands on different hosts through the “playbooks” feature.</p>
<p>Ansible does not require programming in any particular language – you can write modules
as scripts or programs that return simple JSON.</p>
<p>Why use Ansible versus something else? (Puppet, Chef, Fabric, Capistrano,
mCollective, Func, SaltStack, etc?) It will have far less code, it
will be more correct, and it will be the easiest thing to hack on and
use you’ll ever see – regardless of your favorite language of choice.
Want to only code plugins in bash or clojure? Ansible doesn’t care.
The docs will fit on one page and the source will be blindingly
obvious.</p>
<divclass="section"id="design-principles">
<h2>Design Principles<aclass="headerlink"href="#design-principles"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
Systems management doesn’t have to be complicated. Ansible’s docs will remain
short & simple, and the source will be blindingly obvious.</p>
<divclass="section"id="design-goals">
<h2>Design Goals<aclass="headerlink"href="#design-goals"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ulclass="simple">
<li>Dead simple setup</li>
<li>Super fast & parallel by default</li>
<li>No server or client daemons; use existing SSHd</li>
<li>No server or client daemons; use existing SSHd out of the box</li>
<li>No additional software required on client boxes</li>
<li>Modules can be written in ANY language</li>
<li>Awesome API for creating very powerful distributed scripts</li>
...
...
@@ -79,57 +72,16 @@ obvious.</p>
<li>Create the easiest config management system to use, ever.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="requirements">
<h2>Requirements<aclass="headerlink"href="#requirements"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Requirements are extremely minimal.</p>
<p>If you are running python 2.6 on the <strong>overlord</strong> machine, you will
<liclass="toctree-l2"><aclass="reference internal"href="examples.html#parallelism-and-shell-commands">Parallelism and Shell Commands</a></li>
<liclass="toctree-l2"><aclass="reference internal"href="examples.html#example-2-time-limited-background-operations">Example 2: Time Limited Background Operations</a></li>
<liclass="toctree-l2"><aclass="reference internal"href="examples.html#examples-3-file-transfer-templating">Examples 3: File Transfer & Templating</a></li>
<liclass="toctree-l2"><aclass="reference internal"href="examples.html#examples-3-deploying-from-source-control">Examples 3: Deploying From Source Control</a></li>
<h1>Communicate or Get Involved<aclass="headerlink"href="#communicate-or-get-involved"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<ulclass="simple">
<li>Join the <aclass="reference external"href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">ansible-project mailing list</a> on Google Groups</li>
<li>Join <aclass="reference external"href="irc://irc.freenode.net/#ansible">#ansible</a> on the <aclass="reference external"href="http://freenode.net/">freenode IRC network</a></li>
<li>Visit the <aclass="reference external"href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible">project page</a> on Github<ul>
<li>View the <aclass="reference external"href="https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues">issue tracker</a></li>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><metahttp-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><title>ansible-modules</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="./docbook-xsl.css"/><metaname="generator"content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1"/></head><body><divxml:lang="en"class="refentry"title="ansible-modules"lang="en"><aid="id327073"></a><divclass="titlepage"></div><divclass="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>ansible-modules — stock modules shipped with ansible</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="DESCRIPTION"><aid="_description"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>Ansible ships with a number of modules that can be executed directly on remote hosts or through
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><metahttp-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><title>ansible-modules</title><linkrel="stylesheet"href="./docbook-xsl.css"type="text/css"/><metaname="generator"content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"/></head><body><divxml:lang="en"class="refentry"title="ansible-modules"lang="en"><aid="id326412"></a><divclass="titlepage"></div><divclass="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>ansible-modules — stock modules shipped with ansible</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="DESCRIPTION"><aid="_description"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>Ansible ships with a number of modules that can be executed directly on remote hosts or through
ansible playbooks.</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="IDEMPOTENCE"><aid="_idempotence"></a><h2>IDEMPOTENCE</h2><p>Most modules other than command are idempotent, meaning they will seek to avoid changes
unless a change needs to be made. When using ansible playbooks, these modules can
trigger change events, as described in <spanclass="strong"><strong>ansible-playbooks</strong></span>(5).</p><p>Unless otherwise noted, all modules support change hooks.</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="command"><aid="_command"></a><h2>command</h2><p>The command module takes the command name followed by a list of arguments, space delimited.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><metahttp-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><title>ansible-modules</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="./docbook-xsl.css"/><metaname="generator"content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1"/></head><body><divxml:lang="en"class="refentry"title="ansible-modules"lang="en"><aid="id458930"></a><divclass="titlepage"></div><divclass="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>ansible-playbook — format and function of an ansible playbook file</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="DESCRIPTION"><aid="_description"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>Ansible ships with <spanclass="emphasis"><em>ansible-playbook</em></span>, a tool for running playbooks.
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><metahttp-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><title>ansible-modules</title><linkrel="stylesheet"href="./docbook-xsl.css"type="text/css"/><metaname="generator"content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"/></head><body><divxml:lang="en"class="refentry"title="ansible-modules"lang="en"><aid="id532031"></a><divclass="titlepage"></div><divclass="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>ansible-playbook — format and function of an ansible playbook file</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="DESCRIPTION"><aid="_description"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>Ansible ships with <spanclass="emphasis"><em>ansible-playbook</em></span>, a tool for running playbooks.
Playbooks can represent frequent tasks, desired system configurations,
or deployment processes.</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="FORMAT"><aid="_format"></a><h2>FORMAT</h2><p>Playbooks are written in YAML.</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="EXAMPLE"><aid="_example"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2><p>See:</p><divclass="itemizedlist"><ulclass="itemizedlist"type="disc"><liclass="listitem">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><metahttp-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><title>ansible</title><linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="./docbook-xsl.css"/><metaname="generator"content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1"/></head><body><divxml:lang="en"class="refentry"title="ansible"lang="en"><aid="id355813"></a><divclass="titlepage"></div><divclass="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>ansible — run a command somewhere else</p></div><divclass="refsynopsisdiv"title="Synopsis"><aid="_synopsis"></a><h2>Synopsis</h2><p>ansible <host-pattern> [-f forks] [-m module_name] [-a args]</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="DESCRIPTION"><aid="_description"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p><spanclass="strong"><strong>Ansible</strong></span> is an extra-simple tool/framework/API for doing 'remote things' over
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><metahttp-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><title>ansible</title><linkrel="stylesheet"href="./docbook-xsl.css"type="text/css"/><metaname="generator"content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"/></head><body><divxml:lang="en"class="refentry"title="ansible"lang="en"><aid="id320915"></a><divclass="titlepage"></div><divclass="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>ansible — run a command somewhere else</p></div><divclass="refsynopsisdiv"title="Synopsis"><aid="_synopsis"></a><h2>Synopsis</h2><p>ansible <host-pattern> [-f forks] [-m module_name] [-a args]</p></div><divclass="refsect1"title="DESCRIPTION"><aid="_description"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p><spanclass="strong"><strong>Ansible</strong></span> is an extra-simple tool/framework/API for doing 'remote things' over
<p>This module does not support change hooks and returns the return code from the program as well as timing information about how long the command was running for.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="copy">
<h2>copy<aclass="headerlink"href="#copy"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The copy module moves a file on the local box to remote locations.</p>
<p><em>src</em>:</p>
<p>Local absolute path to a file to copy to the remote server</p>
<p><em>dest</em>:</p>
<p>Remote absolute path where the file should end up</p>
<p>This module also returns md5sum information about the resultant file.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="facter">
<h2>facter<aclass="headerlink"href="#facter"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Runs the discovery program ‘facter’ on the remote system, returning
JSON data that can be useful for inventory purposes.</p>
<p>Requires that ‘facter’ and ‘ruby-json’ be installed on the remote end.</p>
<p>This module is informative only - it takes no parameters & does not support change hooks,
nor does it make any changes on the system.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="git">
<h2>git<aclass="headerlink"href="#git"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Deploys software from git checkouts.</p>
<p><em>repo</em>:</p>
<p>git or http protocol address of the repo to checkout</p>
<p><em>dest</em>:</p>
<p>where to check it out, an absolute directory path</p>
<p><em>version</em>:</p>
<p>what version to check out – either the git SHA, the literal string ‘HEAD’, or a tag name</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="ohai">
<h2>ohai<aclass="headerlink"href="#ohai"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Similar to the facter module, this returns JSON inventory data. Ohai
data is a bit more verbose and nested than facter.</p>
<p>Requires that ‘ohai’ be installed on the remote end.</p>
<p>This module is information only - it takes no parameters & does not
support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="ping">
<h2>ping<aclass="headerlink"href="#ping"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>A trivial test module, this module always returns the integer ‘1’ on
successful contact.</p>
<p>This module does not support change hooks.</p>
<p>This module is informative only - it takes no parameters & does not
support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="service">
<h2>service<aclass="headerlink"href="#service"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Controls services on remote machines.</p>
<p><em>state</em></p>
<p>Values are ‘started’, ‘stopped’, or ‘restarted’. Started/stopped
are idempotent actions that will not run commands unless neccessary.
‘restarted’ will always bounce the service</p>
<p><em>name</em></p>
<p>The name of the service</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="setup">
<h2>setup<aclass="headerlink"href="#setup"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Writes a JSON file containing key/value data, for use in templating.
Call this once before using the template modules. Playbooks will
execute this module automatically as the first step in each play.</p>
<p>If facter or ohai are installed, variables from these programs will also
be snapshotted into the JSON file for usage in templating. These variables
are prefixed with ‘<aclass="reference internal"href="#facter">facter</a>‘ and ‘<aclass="reference internal"href="#ohai">ohai</a>” so it’s easy to tell their source.</p>
<p><em>metadata</em></p>
<p>Optionally overrides the default JSON file location of /etc/ansible/setup or ~/ansible/setup
depending on what remote user has been specified.</p>
<p>If used, also supply the metadata parameter to the template module.</p>
<p><em>anything</em></p>
<p>any other parameters can be named basically anything, and set a key=value
pair in the JSON file for use in templating.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="template">
<h2>template<aclass="headerlink"href="#template"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Templates a file out to a remote server. Call the setup module prior to usage.</p>
<p><em>src</em></p>
<p>path of a Jinja2 formatted template on the local server</p>
<p><em>dest</em></p>
<p>location to render the template on the remote server</p>
<p><em>metadata</em></p>
<p>location of a JSON file to use to supply template data. Default is /etc/ansible/setup
which is the same as the default for the setup module. Change if running as a non-root
remote user who does not have permissions on /etc/ansible.</p>
<p>This module also returns md5sum information about the resultant file.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="user">
<h2>user<aclass="headerlink"href="#user"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This module is in plan.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="yum">
<h2>yum<aclass="headerlink"href="#yum"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This module is in plan.</p>
</div>
<divclass="section"id="writing-your-own-modules">
<h2>WRITING YOUR OWN MODULES<aclass="headerlink"href="#writing-your-own-modules"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>To write your own modules, simply follow the convention of those already available in
/usr/share/ansible. Modules must return JSON but can be written in any language.
Modules should return hashes, but hashes can be nested.
To support change hooks, modules should return hashes with a changed: True/False
element at the top level. Modules can also choose to indicate a failure scenario
by returning a top level ‘failure’ element with a True value, and a ‘msg’ element
describing the nature of the failure. Other values are up to the module.</p>
</div>
</div>
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@@ -106,12 +189,33 @@ hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.</p>
</div>
<divclass="sphinxsidebar">
<divclass="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h3><ahref="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<p>Playbooks are a completely different way to use ansible and are particularly awesome.</p>
<p>They are the basis for a really simple configuration management and deployment system, unlike any that already exist, and one that is very well suited to deploying complex multi-machine applications. While you might run the main ansible program for ad-hoc tasks, playbooks are more likely to be kept in source control and used to push out your configuration or assure the configurations of your remote systems are in spec.</p>
<divclass="section"id="playbook-example">
<h2>Playbook Example<aclass="headerlink"href="#playbook-example"title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Playbooks are expressed in YAML format and have a minimum of syntax. Each playbook is composed
of one or more patterns in a list. By composing a playbook of multiple patterns, it is possible
to orchestrate multi-machine deployments, running certain steps on all machines in
the webservers group, then certain steps on the database server group, then more commands
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Started","Ansible","Ansible Modules","Communicate and Get Involved","Playbooks","YAML Scripts","Patterns","API","Examples","Man Pages"],objnames:{},filenames:["gettingstarted","index","modules","communicate","playbooks","YAMLScripts","patterns","api","examples","man"]})
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lectus. Ut non orci felis, eget mattis mauris. Etiam ut tellus in
magna porta venenatis. Quisque scelerisque, sem non ultrices bibendum,
dolor diam rutrum lectus, sed luctus neque neque vitae eros. Vivamus
mattis, ipsum ut bibendum gravida, lectus arcu venenatis elit, vitae
luctus diam leo sit amet ligula. Nunc egestas justo in nulla sagittis
ut suscipit sapien gravida. Morbi id dui nibh. Nullam diam massa,
rhoncus a dignissim non, adipiscing vel arcu. Quisque ultricies
tincidunt purus ut sodales. Quisque scelerisque dapibus purus quis
egestas. Maecenas sagittis porttitor adipiscing. Duis eu magna
sem. Donec arcu felis, faucibus et malesuada non, blandit vitae
metus. Fusce nec sapien dolor.
Examples 2
``````````
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pretium quis sapien. Duis felis metus, sodales sit amet gravida in,
pretium ut arcu. Nulla ligula quam, aliquam sit amet sollicitudin
eget, molestie tincidunt ipsum. Nulla leo nunc, mattis sed auctor at,
suscipit ut metus. Suspendisse hendrerit, justo sagittis malesuada
molestie, nisi nunc placerat libero, vel vulputate elit tellus et
augue. Phasellus tempor lectus ac nisi aliquam faucibus. Donec feugiat
egestas nibh id mattis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Ut accumsan
lorem eget leo dictum viverra.
Examples 3
``````````
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ornare fermentum accumsan. Aenean eu mauris arcu, id pulvinar
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scelerisque metus, sit amet mollis nisl sem eu nibh. Quisque in nibh
turpis. Proin ac nisi ligula, a pretium augue.
Examples 3
``````````
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sollicitudin. Cras in mi rhoncus quam egestas dignissim vel sit amet
lacus. Maecenas interdum viverra laoreet. Quisque elementum
sollicitudin ullamcorper.
Examples 4
``````````
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urna. Duis aliquet quam eget risus elementum quis auctor ligula
gravida. Phasellus et ullamcorper libero. Nam elementum ultricies
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tristique lobortis. Suspendisse est enim, tristique eu convallis id,
rutrum nec lacus. Fusce iaculis diam non felis rutrum lobortis. Proin
hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.
.. seealso::
:doc:`modules`
A list of available modules
:doc:`playbooks`
Alternative ways to use ansible
Parallelism and Shell Commands
``````````````````````````````
Reboot all web servers in Atlanta, 10 at a time::
ssh-agent bash
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ansible atlanta -a "/sbin/reboot" -f 10
The -f 10 specifies the usage of 10 simultaneous processes.
Note that other than the command module, ansible modules do not work like simple scripts. They make the remote system look like you state, and run the commands neccessary to get it there.
Example 2: Time Limited Background Operations
`````````````````````````````````````````````
Long running operations can be backgrounded, and their status can be checked on later. The same job ID is given to the same task on all hosts, so you won't lose track. Polling support is pending in the command line.::
ansible all -B 3600 -a "/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"
ansible all -n job_status -a jid=123456789
Any module other than 'copy' or 'template' can be backgrounded.
Examples 3: File Transfer & Templating
``````````````````````````````````````
Ansible can SCP lots of files to multiple machines in parallel, and optionally use them as template sources.
To just transfer a file directly to many different servers::
ansible atlanta copy -a "/etc/hosts /tmp/hosts"
To use templating, first run the setup module to put the template variables you would like to use on the remote host. Then use the template module to write the files using the templates. Templates are written in Jinja2 format. Playbooks (covered below) will run the setup module for you, making this even simpler.::
ansible webservers -m setup -a "favcolor=red ntp_server=192.168.1.1"
ansible webservers -m template -a "src=/srv/motd.j2 dest=/etc/motd"
ansible webservers -m template -a "src=/srv/ntp.j2 dest=/etc/ntp.conf"
Need something like the fqdn in a template? If facter or ohai are installed, data from these projects will also be made available to the template engine, using 'facter' and 'ohai' prefixes for each.
Examples 3: Deploying From Source Control
`````````````````````````````````````````
Deploy your webapp straight from git::
ansible webservers -m git -a "repo=git://foo dest=/srv/myapp version=HEAD"
Since ansible modules can notify change handlers (see 'Playbooks') it is possible to tell ansible to run specific tasks when the code is updated, such as deploying Perl/Python/PHP/Ruby directly from git and then restarting apache.
Ansible is a extra-simple tool/API for doing 'parallel remote things'
over SSH -- whether executing commands, running "modules", or
executing larger 'playbooks' that can serve as a configuration
management or deployment system.
Ansible is a radically simple deployment, configuration, and command execution framework.
Other tools in this space have been too complicated for too long, require too much bootstrapping,
and have too much learning curve. Ansible is dead simple and painless to extend. For comparison, Puppet and Chef have about 60k lines of code. Ansible's core is a little over 1000 lines.
While `Func installation <http://fedorahosted.org/func>`_ which I
co-wrote, aspired to avoid using SSH and have it's own daemon
infrastructure, Ansible aspires to be quite different and more
minimal, but still able to grow more modularly over time. This is
based on talking to a lot of users of various tools and wishing to
eliminate problems with connectivity and long running daemons, or not
picking tool `X` because they preferred to code in `Y`. Further,
playbooks take things a whole step further, building the config and
deployment system I always wanted to build.
Ansible isn't just for configuration -- it's also great for Ad-Hoc tasks,
quickly firing off commands against nodes. Where Ansible excels though, is expressing complex multi-node deployment processes, executing complex sequences of commands on different hosts through the "playbooks" feature.
Why use Ansible versus something else? (Fabric, Capistrano,
Ansible does not require programming in any particular language -- you can write modules
as scripts or programs that return simple JSON.
Why use Ansible versus something else? (Puppet, Chef, Fabric, Capistrano,
mCollective, Func, SaltStack, etc?) It will have far less code, it
will be more correct, and it will be the easiest thing to hack on and
use you'll ever see -- regardless of your favorite language of choice.
Want to only code plugins in bash or clojure? Ansible doesn't care.
The docs will fit on one page and the source will be blindingly
obvious.
Systems management doesn't have to be complicated. Ansible's docs will remain
short & simple, and the source will be blindingly obvious.
Design Principles
`````````````````
Design Goals
````````````
* Dead simple setup
* Super fast & parallel by default
* No server or client daemons; use existing SSHd
* No server or client daemons; use existing SSHd out of the box
* No additional software required on client boxes
* Modules can be written in ANY language
* Awesome API for creating very powerful distributed scripts
* Be usable as non-root
* Create the easiest config management system to use, ever.
About the Author
````````````````
Requirements
````````````
Requirements are extremely minimal.
If you are running python 2.6 on the **overlord** machine, you will
need:
* ``paramiko``
* ``PyYAML``
* ``python-jinja2`` (for playbooks)
* ``Asciidoc`` (for building documentation)
If you are running less than Python 2.6, you will also need:
* The Python 2.4 or 2.5 backport of the ``multiprocessing`` module
- `Installation and Testing Instructions <http://code.google.com/p/python-multiprocessing/wiki/Install>`_
* ``simplejson``
On the managed nodes, to use templating, you will need:
* ``python-jinja2`` (you can install this with ansible)
Getting Ansible
```````````````
Tagged releases are available as tar.gz files from the Ansible github
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placerat nibh, non feugiat risus varius vitae. Donec eu libero
lectus. Ut non orci felis, eget mattis mauris. Etiam ut tellus in
magna porta venenatis. Quisque scelerisque, sem non ultrices bibendum,
dolor diam rutrum lectus, sed luctus neque neque vitae eros. Vivamus
mattis, ipsum ut bibendum gravida, lectus arcu venenatis elit, vitae
luctus diam leo sit amet ligula. Nunc egestas justo in nulla sagittis
ut suscipit sapien gravida. Morbi id dui nibh. Nullam diam massa,
rhoncus a dignissim non, adipiscing vel arcu. Quisque ultricies
tincidunt purus ut sodales. Quisque scelerisque dapibus purus quis
egestas. Maecenas sagittis porttitor adipiscing. Duis eu magna
sem. Donec arcu felis, faucibus et malesuada non, blandit vitae
metus. Fusce nec sapien dolor.
Aenean ac fermentum nisl. Integer leo sem, rutrum nec dictum at,
pretium quis sapien. Duis felis metus, sodales sit amet gravida in,
pretium ut arcu. Nulla ligula quam, aliquam sit amet sollicitudin
eget, molestie tincidunt ipsum. Nulla leo nunc, mattis sed auctor at,
suscipit ut metus. Suspendisse hendrerit, justo sagittis malesuada
molestie, nisi nunc placerat libero, vel vulputate elit tellus et
augue. Phasellus tempor lectus ac nisi aliquam faucibus. Donec feugiat
egestas nibh id mattis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Ut accumsan
lorem eget leo dictum viverra.
Quisque egestas lorem sit amet felis tincidunt adipiscing. Aenean
ornare fermentum accumsan. Aenean eu mauris arcu, id pulvinar
quam. Suspendisse nec massa vel augue laoreet ultricies in convallis
dolor. Mauris sodales porta enim, non ultricies dolor luctus
in. Phasellus eu tortor lectus, vel porttitor nulla. Mauris vulputate,
erat id scelerisque lobortis, nibh ipsum tristique elit, ac viverra
arcu sem a ante. Praesent nec metus vestibulum augue eleifend
suscipit. In feugiat, sem nec dignissim consequat, velit tortor
scelerisque metus, sit amet mollis nisl sem eu nibh. Quisque in nibh
turpis. Proin ac nisi ligula, a pretium augue.
In nibh eros, laoreet id interdum vel, sodales sed tortor. Sed
ullamcorper, sem vel mattis consectetur, nibh turpis molestie nisl,
eget lobortis mi magna sed metus. Cras justo est, tempus quis
adipiscing ut, hendrerit convallis sem. Mauris ullamcorper, sapien et
luctus iaculis, urna elit egestas ipsum, et tristique enim risus vitae
nunc. Vivamus aliquet lorem eu urna pulvinar hendrerit malesuada nunc
sollicitudin. Cras in mi rhoncus quam egestas dignissim vel sit amet
lacus. Maecenas interdum viverra laoreet. Quisque elementum
sollicitudin ullamcorper.
Pellentesque mauris sem, malesuada at lobortis in, porta eget
urna. Duis aliquet quam eget risus elementum quis auctor ligula
gravida. Phasellus et ullamcorper libero. Nam elementum ultricies
tellus, in sagittis magna aliquet quis. Ut sit amet tellus id erat
tristique lobortis. Suspendisse est enim, tristique eu convallis id,
rutrum nec lacus. Fusce iaculis diam non felis rutrum lobortis. Proin
hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.
Ansible Modules
===============
.. seealso::
:doc:`examples`
Examples of using modules in /usr/bin/ansible
:doc:`playbooks`
Examples of using modules with /usr/bin/ansible-playbook
:doc:`api`
Examples of using modules with the Python API
About Modules
`````````````
Ansible ships with a number of modules that can be executed directly on remote hosts or through
ansible playbooks.
Idempotence
```````````
Most modules other than command are idempotent, meaning they will seek to avoid changes
unless a change needs to be made. When using ansible playbooks, these modules can
trigger change events. Unless otherwise noted, all modules support change hooks.
command
```````
The command module takes the command name followed by a list of arguments, space delimited.
This is the only module that does not use key=value style parameters.
Example usage::
/sbin/shutdown -t now
This module does not support change hooks and returns the return code from the program as well as timing information about how long the command was running for.
copy
````
The copy module moves a file on the local box to remote locations.
*src*::
Local absolute path to a file to copy to the remote server
*dest*::
Remote absolute path where the file should end up
This module also returns md5sum information about the resultant file.
facter
``````
Runs the discovery program 'facter' on the remote system, returning
JSON data that can be useful for inventory purposes.
Requires that 'facter' and 'ruby-json' be installed on the remote end.
This module is informative only - it takes no parameters & does not support change hooks,
nor does it make any changes on the system.
git
```
Deploys software from git checkouts.
*repo*::
git or http protocol address of the repo to checkout
*dest*::
where to check it out, an absolute directory path
*version*::
what version to check out -- either the git SHA, the literal string 'HEAD', or a tag name
ohai
````
Similar to the facter module, this returns JSON inventory data. Ohai
data is a bit more verbose and nested than facter.
Requires that 'ohai' be installed on the remote end.
This module is information only - it takes no parameters & does not
support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.
ping
````
A trivial test module, this module always returns the integer '1' on
successful contact.
This module does not support change hooks.
This module is informative only - it takes no parameters & does not
support change hooks, nor does it make any changes on the system.
service
```````
Controls services on remote machines.
*state*
Values are 'started', 'stopped', or 'restarted'. Started/stopped
are idempotent actions that will not run commands unless neccessary.
'restarted' will always bounce the service
*name*
The name of the service
setup
`````
Writes a JSON file containing key/value data, for use in templating.
Call this once before using the template modules. Playbooks will
execute this module automatically as the first step in each play.
If facter or ohai are installed, variables from these programs will also
be snapshotted into the JSON file for usage in templating. These variables
are prefixed with 'facter_' and 'ohai_" so it's easy to tell their source.
*metadata*
Optionally overrides the default JSON file location of /etc/ansible/setup or ~/ansible/setup
depending on what remote user has been specified.
If used, also supply the metadata parameter to the template module.
*anything*
any other parameters can be named basically anything, and set a key=value
pair in the JSON file for use in templating.
template
````````
Templates a file out to a remote server. Call the setup module prior to usage.
*src*
path of a Jinja2 formatted template on the local server
*dest*
location to render the template on the remote server
*metadata*
location of a JSON file to use to supply template data. Default is /etc/ansible/setup
which is the same as the default for the setup module. Change if running as a non-root
remote user who does not have permissions on /etc/ansible.
This module also returns md5sum information about the resultant file.
user
````
This module is in plan.
yum
```
This module is in plan.
WRITING YOUR OWN MODULES
````````````````````````
To write your own modules, simply follow the convention of those already available in
/usr/share/ansible. Modules must return JSON but can be written in any language.
Modules should return hashes, but hashes can be nested.
To support change hooks, modules should return hashes with a changed: True/False
element at the top level. Modules can also choose to indicate a failure scenario
by returning a top level 'failure' element with a True value, and a 'msg' element
describing the nature of the failure. Other values are up to the module.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In dignissim
placerat nibh, non feugiat risus varius vitae. Donec eu libero
lectus. Ut non orci felis, eget mattis mauris. Etiam ut tellus in
magna porta venenatis. Quisque scelerisque, sem non ultrices bibendum,
dolor diam rutrum lectus, sed luctus neque neque vitae eros. Vivamus
mattis, ipsum ut bibendum gravida, lectus arcu venenatis elit, vitae
luctus diam leo sit amet ligula. Nunc egestas justo in nulla sagittis
ut suscipit sapien gravida. Morbi id dui nibh. Nullam diam massa,
rhoncus a dignissim non, adipiscing vel arcu. Quisque ultricies
tincidunt purus ut sodales. Quisque scelerisque dapibus purus quis
egestas. Maecenas sagittis porttitor adipiscing. Duis eu magna
sem. Donec arcu felis, faucibus et malesuada non, blandit vitae
metus. Fusce nec sapien dolor.
Aenean ac fermentum nisl. Integer leo sem, rutrum nec dictum at,
pretium quis sapien. Duis felis metus, sodales sit amet gravida in,
pretium ut arcu. Nulla ligula quam, aliquam sit amet sollicitudin
eget, molestie tincidunt ipsum. Nulla leo nunc, mattis sed auctor at,
suscipit ut metus. Suspendisse hendrerit, justo sagittis malesuada
molestie, nisi nunc placerat libero, vel vulputate elit tellus et
augue. Phasellus tempor lectus ac nisi aliquam faucibus. Donec feugiat
egestas nibh id mattis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Ut accumsan
lorem eget leo dictum viverra.
Quisque egestas lorem sit amet felis tincidunt adipiscing. Aenean
ornare fermentum accumsan. Aenean eu mauris arcu, id pulvinar
quam. Suspendisse nec massa vel augue laoreet ultricies in convallis
dolor. Mauris sodales porta enim, non ultricies dolor luctus
in. Phasellus eu tortor lectus, vel porttitor nulla. Mauris vulputate,
erat id scelerisque lobortis, nibh ipsum tristique elit, ac viverra
arcu sem a ante. Praesent nec metus vestibulum augue eleifend
suscipit. In feugiat, sem nec dignissim consequat, velit tortor
scelerisque metus, sit amet mollis nisl sem eu nibh. Quisque in nibh
turpis. Proin ac nisi ligula, a pretium augue.
In nibh eros, laoreet id interdum vel, sodales sed tortor. Sed
ullamcorper, sem vel mattis consectetur, nibh turpis molestie nisl,
eget lobortis mi magna sed metus. Cras justo est, tempus quis
adipiscing ut, hendrerit convallis sem. Mauris ullamcorper, sapien et
luctus iaculis, urna elit egestas ipsum, et tristique enim risus vitae
nunc. Vivamus aliquet lorem eu urna pulvinar hendrerit malesuada nunc
sollicitudin. Cras in mi rhoncus quam egestas dignissim vel sit amet
lacus. Maecenas interdum viverra laoreet. Quisque elementum
sollicitudin ullamcorper.
Pellentesque mauris sem, malesuada at lobortis in, porta eget
urna. Duis aliquet quam eget risus elementum quis auctor ligula
gravida. Phasellus et ullamcorper libero. Nam elementum ultricies
tellus, in sagittis magna aliquet quis. Ut sit amet tellus id erat
tristique lobortis. Suspendisse est enim, tristique eu convallis id,
rutrum nec lacus. Fusce iaculis diam non felis rutrum lobortis. Proin
hendrerit mi tincidunt dui fermentum placerat.
.. seealso::
:doc:`YAMLScripts`
Learn about YAML syntax
:doc:`modules`
Learn about available modules and writing your own
:doc:`patterns`
Learn about how to select hosts
Playbooks are a completely different way to use ansible and are particularly awesome.
They are the basis for a really simple configuration management and deployment system, unlike any that already exist, and one that is very well suited to deploying complex multi-machine applications. While you might run the main ansible program for ad-hoc tasks, playbooks are more likely to be kept in source control and used to push out your configuration or assure the configurations of your remote systems are in spec.
Playbook Example
````````````````
Playbooks are expressed in YAML format and have a minimum of syntax. Each playbook is composed
of one or more patterns in a list. By composing a playbook of multiple patterns, it is possible
to orchestrate multi-machine deployments, running certain steps on all machines in
the webservers group, then certain steps on the database server group, then more commands
